low level of per capita water use

... 363 An aggressive water reform agenda, underpinned by an acknowledgment of the finite size of the water resource and recognition of the legitimacy of the environment as a water user, is driving ... 0.6 L-Cv of annual runoff Australia 0.5 World 0.4 The L-Cv is used as a measure of interannual runoff variability It is a measure of relative variability similar to the coefficient of variation ... a period of water reform, entering a new management phase for water resources These reforms have included assessment of the sustainable yield from aquifer systems, often found to be below current...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source As for readers, this license allows users to download, ... autocorrelation of precipitation (ACR) shown here is also an indicator of the percentage of low- frequency precipitation variance, and it has similar spatial distributions as the percentage of IV but ... of F is separated from that of SM→ET because the impact of the atmosphere can be independent of the land surface This multiplicative form of the equation considers the nonlinear combination of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source As for readers, this license allows users to download, ... autocorrelation of precipitation (ACR) shown here is also an indicator of the percentage of low- frequency precipitation variance, and it has similar spatial distributions as the percentage of IV but ... of F is separated from that of SM→ET because the impact of the atmosphere can be independent of the land surface This multiplicative form of the equation considers the nonlinear combination of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 12:20

... greenhouse gas emissions, energy use generally correlates with a country’s income and level of development For example, during 2004 a person living in  one of the world’s highest income countries used ... important  part of reducing private car use and the greenhouse gas emissions which cause climate change In Jakarta, provision of pedestrian thoroughfares is very limited  as pavements are often shared ... Effective governance of water resources  will require the introduction of new forms  of urban management which ensure the human right to water is maintained for  all Sustainable water management...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 17:20

... exposures of higher plants to low ozone concentrations affect biochemical processes prior to any detectable symptoms of visible injury On the other hand, the current critical level of ozone used to ... study thus focuses on the influence of elevated O3 concentrations on (i) the temporal patterns of fine root growth and mortality in relation to seasonal changes of soil temperature and water content ... structure of plant organs The FA factor is mostly used to characterize the level of ecological stress in plants Moreover, it is widely assumed that the high value of leaf FA in trees is a result of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... understanding of the different types of measures of uncertainty is still limited In particular, regular use of empirical performance of NWS outlook and forecast products could be used to augment ... president of the National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding ... recognizes the superior achievements of engineers Dr Wm A Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 09:20

... providing the capital for the long-term environmental infrastructure required to build a low- carbon, climateresilient economy The extra upfront investments are often balanced by much lower operating ... efficiency of buildings and industry • Majority of the cUSD1.5bn climatethemed bonds issued by LED manufacturers • USD691m of US municipal bonds issued through a range of initiatives to retrofit residential ... universe Examples Include biofuels, hydro, waste and water More transparency from issuers could bring some of these into the climate-themed bond universe Calculated as of February 2012 with only...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... tons of CO2e This is 3.7 percent of worldwide GHGs using, as FAO does, the outdated GWP of 23 Using a GWP of 72, livestock methane is responsible for 7,416 million tons of CO2e or 11.6 percent of ... each of which emits high levels of GHGs Disposal of inevitably large amounts of liquid waste from live• stock, and waste livestock products in the form of bone, fat, and spoiled products, all of ... then the percentage of GHGs worldwide attributable to undercounting in official livestock statistics would likely be over 10 percent Third, the FAO uses citations for various aspects of GHGs attributable...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... to improve efficiency of energy use in developing countries, how can it be used wisely? (i) Fund can be used for improving efficiency of energy use and the development of cleaner fuels and renewable ... identified: (i) Lack of awareness of potential for co-benefits e.g perception of air quality and climate change control as a break on development Plus, lack of awareness of opportunities e.g ... domestic sector; use of specific types of 28 biomass ( e.g just branches and crop residues etc) instead of coal in rural countries; biochar (carbon negative) use as fertilizer; gasification of waste...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... sacrifice of something of fertility; which is, to some extent, the case; as the low flat lands of the rivers below are unrivalled in their power of production whether it be of the grains of wheat ... consequence of a ledge of rocks lying across the river immediately above the city of Keokuk, which, during the lower stages of water, wholly prevents the passage of the larger class of steamers ... move off in opposite directions, becoming the sources of some of the principal rivers of this vast interior basin, with their waters flowing both to the Arctic and Equatorial Seas The chief of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... includes: Kevin Klowden, Director of the California Center at the Milken Institute; Dr Edward E Leamer, the Chauncey J Medberry Professor of Management, Professor of Economics and Professor of Statistics ... of the year was the exact opposite of the second half The first half of 2011 saw the rise of currencies in the emerging and developing economies due to capital inflows These economies had experienced ... fallen from a peak of $13.9 trillion in the second quarter of 2008 to $13.2 trillion in the third quarter of 2011, based on the Federal Reserve Bank’s Flow of Funds report Most of the decrease was...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 21:20

... end of this century, the number of coastal dwellers at risk from flooding could increase from 13 million to 94 million during this period A sea -level rise of meter could affect 17 percent of Bangladesh’s ... decreased by an average of 2.4 percent per decade in tropical rainforest regions A climate model produced by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office predicts that by 2080, 30 percent of the earth’s surface ... require urgent assistance due to injury, loss of property, exposure to disease, or shortages of food and fresh water. 25 ●● Ninety-eight percent of those seriously affected by weather-related...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:20

... well-established technology The ECN now has 14 years of experience of their operation (Sykes & Lane, 1996) The use of dedicated AWSs allows a standard data format to be used, reducing the time requirement for ... detect many aspects of the phenology of vegetation, such as date of onset of new vegetation growth, rate of greening up, date of maximum greenness, onset of senescence and length of growing season ... techniques available? Level of interest from stakeholders and independent experts Initial establishment and ongoing costs of equipment, analyses and personnel Basis of assessment (1) Expert opinion based...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... diseases is the continuous degradation of air quality as a result of increasing levels of outdoor air pollutants such as vehicle emissions [7-20] An understanding of the interplay between genetic background ... allergy is one of the models most frequently used to study the relationship between air pollution and respiratory allergic disease [7,9,10] It is not clear what percentage of cases of asthma each ... through airborne allergens and pollutant levels The association between atmospheric factors and asthma raises the question of how increasing levels of greenhouse gases and concomitant climate change...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 02:20

... Disposal /use Greenhouse gas emissions result from the ultimate disposal of the waste in landfills or the use of materials derived from the waste One of the main greenhouse gas impacts of waste ... Emissions also arise from use of fuel and production of fertilisers for growing and harvesting biomass However, emissions of greenhouse gases per unit of energy produced are much lower for renewable ... impacts in terms of net fluxes of greenhouse gases from various combinations of options used for the management of MSW The waste management options considered are: • • • • • Landfill of untreated...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:21

... reclaiming land, making the most of unused land, plus investment in the exploitation of irrigation, application of technical measures aimed at increasing the coefficient of land use, thus, paddy land tends ... life is raised, the average food per capita decline in economics law of Engel (assuming reduced from 270 kilos/person to 240 kilos/person), the distribution of grain for livestock, export and ... sea level rise According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, just meter sea level rise, will have up to 70-80% of the land was submerged Therefore, to maintain the role of ensuring...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 11:21

... land use planning including restricting the access and use of certain areas or of some species, due to the risk of climate change impacts or the need of soil and water protection or maintenance of ... conservers of water Of course, this is dependent on how well these smaller trees allow the throughfall and stem flow water to infiltrate in the soils, and the water retention capacity of the soils ... water cycle and the water cycle of watersheds As a rule of thumb, the original natural vegetation is the best way to regulate the water cycle Planting trees in grassland swamps, such as one of...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... but contains 20 percent of the world’s biodiversity It harbors 18 percent of all recorded flowering plants, and 21 percent of all recorded freshwater species The region has seven of the 25 recognized ... increase of 2oC and a sea level rise of one meter may take away 12.2 percent of the land where 23 percent of the population live (about 17 million people) If sea level rises by meters, about 25 percent ... cold period of 33 days (2007-2008) is an example of how abnormal weather patterns have caused serious destruction: death of 33,000 of buffaloes and bulls, and destruction of 34,000 hectares of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 03:20