looking to the future

... introduction to the text, particular thanks are due here to all the contributors to the volume To the extent to which the book succeeds in being more than the sum of its parts, it owes a great debt to the ... but she was due to return to school in a month Earning only $26 every weeks and having to pay $14 to the factory for the one meal a day she received, Laura earned too little to afford child care ... lost to other countries Over the past 50 years, however, economic globalization has undermined the extent to which countries can respond unilaterally to problems The end of the nineteenth and the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2014, 14:20

... on the estimated models, the contributions of the various factors to the change in the Gini coefficient can be calculated as the average annual change in the respective variable multiplied by the ... order to address concerns that inequality may itself influence globalization variables, the export -to- GDP ratio and the ratio of the inward stock of FDI to GDP (the two significant “de facto” measures) ... occupations to those where opportunities are better can also be expected to improve the distribution of income (see Topalova, 2007) 12 Using the logarithm of the Gini (rather than the Gini itself)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... is in the bottom 10 percent of the urban distribution in the survey; poor if it is in the 11th to 25th percentiles; near-poor if in the 26th to 50th percentile range; and other if in the top half ... Popular that aims to enroll the majority of the poor by the middle of the next decade.21 Health insurance is not the only way to improve the access of the poor to the cash they need for health care.22 ... appear to be near at hand, the poor not necessarily have access to these services Even when the poor are able to reach modern services, the quality of care they receive can be grossly inadequate The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 14:20

... takes into account the nonlinearity in the relationship between income and health Changes to Social Security over this period led to massive poverty reduction among the elderly The hypothesis ... translates into roughly a 1.5 percent decline in disability Columns and of table show subgroup analyses The first is limited to those in the bottom quarter of the income distribution These are the individuals ... independent effect on the children’s health, due to the medical care requirements linked to the receipt of income benefits Because of its success the program is now being generalized to urban Mexico...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... 1) To study the impact of the household characteristics, the type of household and the caring tasks were added at the second step (model 2) Finally, to control by the level of social support, the ... social support index is the result of combining the responses to the following prompts : ‘ I get invitations to go out and things with other people’, ‘ I get chances to talk to someone about problems ... social support, was introduced together with all the other explanatory variables of the study Confidant social support was negatively associated with all the health indicators in both sexes, whilst...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... have either the capacity to deliver health services itself to the entire population or to ensure that health services delivered by the private sector promote pro-poor health objectives The type ... sanitation and energy The health of the poor can also be improved by reducing their exposure to the risk of addiction to tobacco or alcohol, of road traffic or other injuries, and of the devastating ... should reflect the urgency of the poverty and health challenge, both in terms of the size of the budget for health and other social sectors, and the share of health resources allocated to the activities...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... medium-scale farms Contrary to the slave plantations in the southern states, the egalitarian distribution of land in the northern states fit into a strategy to attract British settlers to the land frontier ... and the policy rules relate to the year 2003 The authors’ study then uses the tax-benefit model to analyze the existing tax-benefit system in Brazil, thus presenting the baseline scenario The authors ... of the pensions, which constitute 94 percent of total cash transfers, flow into the top income quintile, thus favoring the already rich and the elderly population The bolsa escola benefit is the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:48

... Notes: The sectoral breakdown is based on the tables for ‘private sector’ and ‘public sector’ given as Supplementary Table in the National Accounts Therefore, the ‘private firm’ sector refers to the ... of the other two countries.) The major reason for the rise in the figures for the UK and Japan is, of course, the rise in the price of corporate stocks In particular, there was a sharp rise in the ... The movement towards inequality since the first half of the 1970s is due to the fact that the reduction in wage distribution has come to a stop and also to a reduction in the share of the low-income...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 15:21

... Economic theory has little to say about the lag structure, and the lag variables are included in the stochastic equations, since they result in a better fit of the model to the data Since all the ... period k to the terminal period Suppose the economic system is in state x k at time k and the optimal costto-go at time k+1 is f k*+1 ( x k +1 ) Then the problem at k is to choose u k to minimize: ... influence the evolution of economics variables in the other In the first essay a two-country model is used to illustrate the interdependence of these two economies Not surprisingly, we found that the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2014, 07:54

... minimum to 40th percentile Consumption: raise minimum to $1/day Community wealth: raise minimum to 20th percentile Community wealth: raise minimum to 40th percentile Parental schooling raised to years ... per day (>=20 percentile) Mother's schooling (

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2015, 19:17

... improves Thereafter, the social mobility is slightly worse off when the wage premium begin to increase: the turning point coincides with the turning point of wage premium This is due to the significant ... labor, in the subsequent period; the relative supply of skilled/unskilled labor affects the wage of different skill groups On the other hand, the variation of relative income influences the education ... agent and the education outcome of next generation To facilitate the analysis, we first discuss the baseline model without skill-biased technological change and then extend our analysis to the case...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2015, 11:24

... responsibility to make the program planners and implementors aware of the importance of judging the program on the basis of its social consequences The evaluator should design the evaluation to identify ... keen to know about the positive or adverse effects of the program In this case, the terms of reference may not specify that the evaluation will assess these impacts However, the evaluator has the ... They will also need to start looking to the social sciences for research on inequality and implications for public policy In short, they will need to start looking critically at the vested interests...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2015, 20:01

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... coordinators of health care for their children The vast majority, approximately 80%, of mothers shoulder main responsibility in the family for selecting their children’s doctor, taking them to doctor’s ... delve deeper into women’s experiences and further explore some of the challenges they face in their interactions with the health care system The sample of the survey was also expanded to include ... problems communicating with their doctors Among women who have gone to the doctor in the past year, only a small percent (5%) report that the doctor didn’t take adequate time to answer all questions...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 23:20

... government to provide the information, services, and options that foster it They believe that their ability to plan when to start a family and make other important life decisions is integral to their ... contraception seem to lead to increases in teen pregnancy rates.78 On the other hand, there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that that access to contraception increases the teen birth ... if they are to achieve equality and reach their full potential Americans worry about the inadequacies of their health care coverage, its high costs, and the problems they face in getting the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 07:20

... due to illness, the cost to their employer is not only the cost of the absentee’s forgone labour, it is also the cost of the loss of production from other members of the team who rely on the ... requiring their remaining employees to pick up the slack This effectively passes the costs of the illness onto the other employees who are required to work harder or longer hours to meet the shortfall ... its report on the potential benefits of the NRA, the Commission was asked to estimate the potential future benefits to the community of increasing education levels and reducing the incidence...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... is related to average PISA mathematics test scores, the distribution of those test scores (measured as the ratio of the score at the 25th percentile in the country to the score at the 75th percentile), ... efficiency score of The efficiency scores of the less efficient units (D and E) depend on their distance to the best-practice frontier (the lower the efficiency score, the less efficient the unit) Several ... tertiary education, the intermediary output indicator is the countries’ rank for the level of the student-teacher ratio For health, the intermediate output indicator is the index of the countries’...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... recognise the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the ... 400 NGOs In addition to the work of the commissions and plenary which debated the official documents of the Conference The Hamburg Declaration and The Agenda for the Future, there were 33 workshops ... have brought the two sectors closer together In the area of health, major changes in policy have been seen since the end of the 70s The Primary Health Care (PHC) strategy based on the integration...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20