listing of all presticides mentioned identification numbers and activities

... (Romano and Santini 2002) Plant growth and performance is critically dependent on adequate supplies of air and water in the root zone Convenient and popular measures of the soil’s ability to store and ... formation of precipitates and swelling=dispersion of silt and clay particles will usually decrease Ksat through narrowing and plugging of pores Reduction in Ksat most commonly occurs in silt- and clay-rich ... 79 and Chapter 84; and they include the constant and falling head core methods (Chapter 75), selected constant and falling head well permeameter methods (Chapter 76), selected constant and falling...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... 17 Water balance of a Southern Moravian floodplain forest volume) of the model tree (V T.tree) and of the stand (VT.stand) at the area of Astand Atree = Astand (VT.tree / VT.stand) crown ground ... sedimentation of heavy alluvial layers occurs occasionally in rather small spots over the area [29, 37] These surface soils overlay an 8-m thick layer of subsoil composed of gravel and sand sediments of ... analyzed shrub and herbaceous layer Standard errors of the appropriate regressions were about 8% for aboveground parts of trees and and 19% for the depth and ground plan area of root systems...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... pattern in all studied stands The negative effect of increasing D on gc was accurately modelled with functions or Coefficients of determination for models and were in general close, but model often ... Evaporation and canopy characteristics of coniferous forests and grasslands - Review, Oecologia 95 (1993) 153–163 [27] Köstner B., Biron P., Siegwolf R., Granier A Estimates of water vapor flux and canopy ... Gries W., Kucera J., Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees: a comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette measurements, Oecologia 66 (1985)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... the EPA Office of Water/Office of Science and Technology/Standards and Applied Science Division To conduct the assessment required estimates of several factors The factors and the sources of the ... Humans, Terrestrial and Avian Wildlife, and Aquatic Life to Dioxins and Furans from Disposal and Use of Sludge from Bleached Kraft and Sulfite Pulp and Paper Mills Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, ... from Pulp and Paper and Lead in Soil at Mining Sites relative magnitude of their production by the U.S pulp and paper industry, discharges of dioxins and a group of dioxin-like chemicals called furans...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... discharge of these watersheds by the predictors of initial flow, rainfall, and rain intensity c) to identify the roles of forest cover on soil erosion prevention; and to produce a map of required ... our understanding of the effects of forests and watershed characteristics on soil water retention and flow regimes, respectively It will help us better understand the consequences of deforestation ... roles of forest are different from those of the other cover types Phien and Toan (1998) demonstrated that runoff from forests was 2.5 - 27 times smaller than runoff from agricultural crops Runoff...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:22

... earth and/ or stone work The quantity of digging of drains, collection and transport of stones, maintenance of the structures, etc will provide an indication of the cost of the scheme Usually these ... and chapters and give examples of small-scale systems Part II covers the subject of soil moisture retention (conservation) Chapter and describe a number of measures to increase infiltration of ... Infiltration and runoff Rainfall and runoff Crop water requirements Calculation of C:CA ratio 13 13 14 14 17 19 22 4.1 4.2 Selecting a water harvesting technique An overview of the systems and their...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 02:20

... runoff The amount of runoff depends on the absorbtion capacity of the soil and the amount of rain The amount of rain which falls in a certain period of time on the soil is called the rainfall ... 3.4 Rainfall and runoff Only a part of the rainfall on the catchment area becomes runoff The size of the proportion of rainfall that becomes runoff depends on the different factors mentioned ... types of mineral particles: sand, silt and clay A soil which consists of mainly large sand particles (a coarse textured soil) is called a sand type of soil or sandy soil; a soil which consists of...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 02:20

... runoff (and tillage) from the lower side of the upper line (Figure 10 (b)) and deposited at the higher side of the next line lower In that way gradually a horizontal terrace is built up and runoff ... rainfall because the amount of harvested water is small, due to the small size of the catchment area Size and layout The distance between the ridges depends on the slope gradient and the size of ... prevent flow of runoff water through the furrows (erosion) and to ensure evenly spread storage of runoff 38 Water harvesting and soil moisture retention Figure 12: Contour ridges and furrows with...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 02:20

... small earth banks parallel to the contours of a slope The water accumulates above the ridges and is thus allowed to infiltrate into the soil An alternative to ridges is the construction of small ... improve overall fertility of the soil Layout The width of the strips depends on the slope gradient and the infiltration capacity of the soil Table below gives guidelines for the width of strips ... cut back periodically The strips with arable crops and those with grasses or cover crops can be rotated to maintain fertility of the soil and to combat pests and weeds 7.3 Ridging and tied-ridging...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 02:20

... soil erosion is higher on land left fallow, especially on sloping land and where rainfall is heavy It is therefore advisable to mulch land left fallow 80 Water harvesting and soil moisture retention ... their root zone Procedure Fallow is often part of a rotation scheme It may be best incorporated in a system of sequences of short and long-growth cycle crops and fallow periods Nitrogen-fixing ... average annual rainfall of roughly 700-1000 mm Surface runoff See runoff Transpiration Loss of water to the air from small openings in the leaves of plants 86 Water harvesting and soil moisture...

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 02:20

... to the scarcity of winter rainfall (i.e 51 mm between November and February of 2005 in comparison to 358 and 254 mm of 2003 and 2004, respectively) Furthermore, low spring rainfall decreased soil ... into account the percentage of gravels Finally, predawn and midday water potentials were measured in Q ilex trees during the summer of 2002 and 2003 by means of the Scholander pressure chamber In ... March of 2004, and November of 2004 Soil water content typically remained more or less constant until the end of winter if the rainfall was abundant during this season In contrast, during unusually...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... water reserve of day i (mm), Ri-1 is soil water reserve of day (i-1), Pi is day i rainfall (mm) and ETi is total stand evapotranspiration losses of day i (mm), i.e the sum of tree and understorey ... periods of leaf area expansion and leaf fall, daily transpiration was calculated with an equation based on daily PET and on a relative LAI (LAIi/LAImax), with i standing for the day and LAImax standing ... totally intercepted For a same amount of rain, In% is also function of the evaporative demand (wind speed, radiation, vapour pressure deficit) and of the continuous or discontinuous pattern of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... and depth (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 60–80 cm); (b) Probe type and range of soil moisture (0.08– 0.14, 0.14–0.21, 0.21–0.28 and 0.28–0.35 cm3 cm–3); (c) Probe type and period (wetting, drying, and ... constant of water (Kw), which is temperature-dependent, ranges from 74 to 84 and is about 20fold higher than that of mineral solids (between and 5), and about 80-fold higher than that of air (1.0005 ... TDR technique and gravimetry, obtaining good correlations regardless of the calibration employed Thus, Rabadá and Gallart [19] obtained a correlation coefficient of r = 0.997 Gaskin and Miller [6],...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... Carlier et al [3] and Peltier et al [13] Compared to the alluvial floodplains, the size of Fraxinus excelsior and Acer opalus trees present on the dry sites is smaller (4–6 m tall) For Fraxinus ... induced the start of the embolism, and 100% of the maximal hydraulic conductivity, respectively ψcav and ψ100 were measured graphically from each VC VCs were produced for two trees of each population ... and the beginning of the afternoon, allowing a high transpiration rate (4.8 and 3.9 mmol m–2 s–1 for maple and ash trees, respectively, in June, figure 1a) In ash trees, the water potential of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... glass, several plastics and decorative papers Wood is often favored because of its aesthetic properties, particularly color A survey of wood-using professionals by Mazet and Janin (1990) showed ... species’ mean values of a*, b* and C* were very small and were not significant On the average, there was some suggestion that the wood of sessile oak is slightly lighter than that of pedunculate oak ... wood color Lightness L* and hue h* diminish with increasing wood age (see figs and 4) This means that the color of the wood becomes darker and more reddish towards the pith All color parameters...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... processes, and petroleum refining • The management and regulation of cyanide in water and soil can be very challenging because of the complexity of the chemistry and toxicology of cyanide and, accordingly, ... inconsistent, and has led to management and treatment approaches of varying effectiveness Knowledge of cyanide speciation is critical to technically and economically effective management of cyanide ... chemical forms of cyanide can exist in water and soil, each of which has different physical, chemical, and toxicological properties • Because of the high degree of toxicity of certain forms of cyanide,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2(s), … FIGURE 2.1 Forms and species of cyanide in water and soil and metal–cyanate complexes, and cyanogen halides Aqueous free cyanide is the sum of hydrogen cyanide, HCN, and its deprotonated ... functions and being an especially important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells and aiding the production of genetic building blocks DNA and RNA [15] There are cyanide and noncyanide forms of ... are thousands of former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites throughout the eastern and midwestern United States and © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Physical and Chemical Forms of Cyanide...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... atmosphere, and the presence of nitrogen and carbon The quantity of cyanide produced in the coking of coal has been reported to be about 1.5 to 2.0% of the nitrogen content of the coal [3] A portion of ... flow diagram of the Andrussow process This diagram shows the recovery/recycle of ammonia and waste heat-design features that improve the efficiency and economy of the process Details of the process ... Cyanide in Water and Soil 54 • Various cyanide compounds are produced incidentally during the manufacture of coke, steel, and aluminum, and during the incineration of municipal waste and wastewater...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... chemical forms of cyanide are presented Included are examinations of the nature of bonding in and with the cyano group and free cyanide speciation; the properties and reactivities of soluble metal–cyanide ... metal–cyanide complexes; the properties and reactivities of metal–cyanide complex solids; and the properties and reactivities of cyanate, thiocyanate, and organocyanide compounds 5.1 FREE CYANIDE ... temperature and pressure, for example, temperatures in the range of 165–180◦ C and pressures of 100–150 psig [22]; see Chapters 20 and 22 Wiegand and Tremelling [23] showed that the rate of free...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... see Chapters and 5) Of the metal–cyanide complexes, iron– cyanide complexes often predominate in surface waters because of the abundance of iron and the high affinity of CN− for Fe2+ and Fe3+ (Chapter ... combination of CN− and HCN [9; and Chapter 5] Metallocyanide salts produce variable fractions of free cyanide upon dissolution in water, the concentrations of which depend on pH and the metal’s ... toxicity of cyanide to mammals and birds, and then in terms of differences between mammals and birds for each exposure route 15.6.1 ROUTE OF EXPOSURE — MAMMALS Two studies examined effects of drinking...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20