... LinguisticsImproving the Use of Pseudo -Words for EvaluatingSelectional PreferencesNathanael Chambers and Dan JurafskyDepartment of Computer ScienceStanford University{natec,jurafsky}@stanford.eduAbstractThis ... report backoff scores for Google andErk. These consist of always choosing the Base-line if it returns an answer (not a guessed unseenanswer), and then backing off to the Google/Erkresult for Baseline ... Association for Compu-tational Linguistics (EACL).Preslav I. Nakov and Marti A. Hearst. 2003. Category-based pseudowords. In Conference of the NorthAmerican Chapter of the Association for Computa-tional...
... deepsyntactic information. For example, an aligned HPSG forest3-string pairis shown in Figure 1. For simplicity, we only drawthe identifiers for the signs of the nodes in the HPSGforest. Note ... configuration of Joshua, with the ex-ception of the maximum number of items/rules, andthe value of k (of the k-best outputs) is set to be 200.4.2 ResultsTable 3 lists the statistics of the following ... alignments of the function words are moreeasily to be mistaken than content words. More-over, we found that most Japanese function words tend to align to a few English words such as of and ‘the’,...
... To address this lack of precision, we learn a maximum entropy model onthe basis of the following binary features: one fea-ture for each pattern listed in column Formation of Table 3 (40 distinct ... rates of 89% for full morphological disambiguation (using an un-supervised EM-HMM model) and 92.5% for part of speech and segmentation (without assigning all theinflectional features of the words) .In ... rate of neologism introduction seems quite low.This evidence illustrates the need for resolution of unknowns: The naive policy of selecting ‘propername’ for all unknowns will cover only half of...
... degree of standardisation and the range and qual-ity of information provided.Not -for- profit organisationsl Not -for- profit organisations also require management accounting information for decision-making ... punctuality of flightsl levels of aircraft utilisationl number of flight cancellationsl percentage of baggage lossesl levels of customer satisfactionl levels of employee satisfactionl percentage of ... of these groups are shown in Figure 1.5. Each of these groups will have different needs for accounting information.This book is concerned with providing accounting information for only one of...
... of scale are involved should the non-linearity of the vari-able cost be taken into account. Also, for most businesses, the range of possible vol-umes of activity at which they are capable of ... estimate of future cost; past cost is not, of course, relevant for its own sake.Each of the dots in Figure 3.4 is the electricity charge for a particular quarter plottedagainst the volume of activity ... and this lost profit would be an opportunitycost of the engine replacement and should, therefore, be included in the calculation of the minimum price to be charged for the sale of the car.You...
... standard profit mark-up of 25 per cent of fullcost. Management is concerned by the lack of profit.Full cost for one unit of a product is calculated by charging overheads to each type of product ... complexity of the vehicles, packed with electronic controlunits aimed at keeping them stable off road.Land Rover, formerly owned by BMW and now up for sale by Ford, has seen a flurry of newvehicle ... (additional cost of making one more) of each successive unit of output would become greater. Thiswould probably imply that increased activity would be causing a shortage of supply of some factor of production,...
... must pick up, therefore, is the loss of profit arising from theloss of sales of 100 units of the product.CHAPTER 7 ACCOUNTING FOR CONTROL222‘What will be the loss of profit arising from the ... FuelMiser consists of one of each component.The planned sales for the first seven months of the forthcoming accounting period, by channels of distribution and in terms of Fuel Miser units, ... some form of borrowing, the consequences couldbe more profound, such as the loss of profits on business that was not able to be under-taken because of the lack of funds.Non-operating profit...
... The software has a life of two years and will then become obsolete.The cost of producing the software was £10,000. The client has agreed to pay alicence fee of £8,000 a year for the software ... £000Immediately Cost of machine (100)1 year’s time Operating profit before depreciation 202 years’ time Operating profit before depreciation 403 years’ time Operating profit before depreciation ... survey of US practiceA survey of the chief financial officers (CFOs) of 392 US businesses examined the popularity of various methods of investment appraisal. Figure 8.5 shows the percentage of businessessurveyed...
... information in Tayles, M. and Drury, C., ‘Profiting from profitability analysis?’, University of Bradford Working Paperseries No. 03/18, June 2003, p. 8.Extent and frequency of customer profitability ... level of output and take account of a depreciation charge of £150,000 a year in respect of the new equipment. Theeffect of purchasing the new equipment will be to increase the operating profit ... percentage of gross profit over time.An example of a trend analysis for A plc is shown in Figure 9.2.Trend analysis for A plcFigure 9.2The trend in customer-related costs is shown as a percentage of...
... the office.Senior management views Enterprise as a confederation of small businesses and therole of head office is that of a ‘switching station’ for the best ideas.Source: Based on information ... (4.5)Operating profit 8.1Income from investments 0.48.5Interest payable (0.5)Ordinary profit before taxation 8.0Restructuring costs (2.0)Profit before taxation 6.0Tax (1.8)Profit for the year ... abonus for doing so; and secondly, the bonus bank can act as a retention tool. For 2006, the target level of bonus for A J Murray was 62.5% of basic salary and for GDransfield 37.5% of basic...
... day of the colonoscopy (116 – 118) . When all of the bowel preparation is given on the day before examina-tion and the interval between the last dose of preparation and the performance of colonoscopy ... polypectomy perforations contrib-ute substantially to the overall perforation risk (87) . Perfora-tions associated with removal of small polyps are unfortunate, because the overwhelming majority of these ... utilize for small polyps with an aim to reduce the burden of perforation. On the other hand, the ACG acknowledges that use of e ective polypectomy techniques is critical for adequate resection of...
... form. This con-sisted of a listof pairs of the form (foreign word, Englishword). Because bilingual dictionary structure varieswidely, and even the availability and compatibility of part -of- speech ... with a listof English words which are possible translations; in our reduced formateach entry lists a single foreign word and single possibleEnglish translation, though taking a union of all ... illustrates the kind of supportthe aggregate bilingual dictionary provides for partitioning the mean-ings of fair into distinct senses: blond and just.erage of 26 and a median of 3 foreign entries...
... development of one interagency listof essentialmedicines for RHandoneinteragency listfor essentialmedicaldevices for RH.In2005,theInteragency Listof Essential Medicines for ... combination, for humanbeingsforoneormoreofthespecificpurpose(s )of: ã diagnosis,prevention,monitoring,treatmentoralleviationofdiseaseã diagnosis,monitoring,treatment,alleviationoforcompensationforaninjuryã ... for detection of complication and recording (including use of partograph); prevention and control of infection; and active management of third stage of labour. 14.b. Episiotomy (10-15% of...
... English. We cre-ate a rule set of morphological inflection maps thatwe then use to relate analyses of OOV words to anal-yses of INV words (which we create off-line for speedy use). The most common ... Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, Short Papers (Companion Volume), pages 57–60,Columbus, Ohio, USA, June 2008.c2008 Association for Computational LinguisticsFour Techniques for Online Handling of Out -of- Vocabulary ... four techniques for handlingOOV words in SMT. Our results show that we con-sistently improve over a state -of- the-art baseline interms of BLEU, yet there is still potential room for improvement....