liquids gases and vacuum

... tables of standard values and material properties Access to information is direct and swift through the user-friendly layout, structured table of contents, and extensive index Concepts and formulas ... 20.6.1 Principle and application 20.6.2 Reduced heat Thermodynamic machines 20.7.1 Right-handed and left-handed processes 20.7.2 Heat pump and refrigerator ... can be found in a wider and wider range of disciplines in the sciences and engineering It is therefore more and more important for students, practitioners, researchers, and teachers to have ready...

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2014, 09:14

... were prepared by standard solid state reaction technique The mixed powders were presintered at 900ºC for hours and then reground to the fine particles, pressed into pellets and again heated at ... samples have single phase f.c.c spinel structure and lattice parameters are determined and listed in Tab It is clear from this table that lattice constant and volume of unit cell increase with Zn content ... interaction and we suppose in our studied samples there is canting structure as illustrated in Fig 2, where ϕ is the angle between direction of magnetic moment of A ions and magnetic moment of B1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SiO2, and ZnFe2O4/SiO2 particles were separated using external magnet, and washed with ethanol and water several times The samples have been dried at 40°C for 24 h and fired at temperatures ... with silica shell and fired at 400°C show a ferromagnetic behavior and high diffuse reflectance compared with all uncoated and coated nanoparticles due to the presence of zinc ions and the silica ... substituting for Co2+ in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (Co1-xZnxFe2O4; x = 0, 0.5, and 1) and shelling with silica on the magnetic and optical properties of the ferrite nanoparticles for a variety of magneto-optical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... stirrer at room temperature for 15 min, and was thermally decomposed in an oven under normal atmosphere at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for h and left to cool down to room temperature ... version 11.5 (SPSS, Germany) Results and Discussion Structural and Morphology Characterization The XRD results of the prepared LSMO nanoparticles at 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for h are shown in Fig ... LMO contamination in the samples with x = 0.1 and 0.2 The MS value increases as the Sr content increases and shows the highest value at x = 0.3 and then decreases as x increases to 0.5 These...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... by PES and IPES28 DFT-GGA calculation shows that anatase has an indirect band gap with the VBM at Δ (0, 0, 0.44) between Γ and X (0, 0, 0.5) and the CBM at Γ (Figure 1.2(b)) The indirect band gap ... a direct band gap at Γ (Figure 1.2(c)) The predicted direct band gap with GW is 3.86 eV which is larger than that of anatase (3.57 eV) and rutile (3.30 eV) Figure 2: Band structure and the corresponding ... ions are at (0, 0, 0) and (0, 1/2, 1/4) and the O ions are at (0, 0, v), (0, 0,-v), (0, 1/2, v+1/4) and (0, 1/2, 1/2-v) The lattice parameters are a=b=3.782 Å, c = 9.502 Å, and v = 0.208 Å24 Like...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 15:20

... Gopinadhan, S Dhar, T Venkatesan, and Ariando “Magnetoresistance of 2D and 3D electron gas in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures: Influence of Magnetic Ordering, Interface Scattering and Dimensionality”, Phys ... A.R Barman, S Dhar, Y.P Feng, Ariando, Q.H Xu, and T Venkatesan “Defect dynamics and spectral observation of twinning in single crystalline LaAlO3 under sub-bandgap excitation”, Appl Phys Lett ... Wang, K Gopinadhan, Z Huang, S Dhar, T Venkatesan, and Ariando, “Electronic correlation and strain effects at the interfaces between polar and nonpolar complex oxides”, Phys Rev B 86, 085450...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:07

... (111) texture and the residual strain The results demonstrated that the magnetic oxide and ZnO system, such as Fe3O4 / ZnO, CoFe2O4 / ZnO and ZnO / SRO, is an intriguing and promising candidate for ... highly textured and epitaxial inasmuch as the temperature, substrate and the strain effects etc; get in-depth understanding of the relation between the growth condition, microstructure and the physical ... 2.1 The equipment consists of a vacuum chamber with vacuum pumps (mechanical pump, molecular pump), an excimer laser source and guiding optics, a target holder and a rotating substrate holder...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:15

... Pr0.6Ca0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = and 0.04), and (b) Pr0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = and 0.04) Fig 3.16 Temperature dependence of the inverse susceptibility (χ -1) for (a) Pr0.6Ca0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = and 0.04), and (b) Pr0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 ... 2, 3, and T for Pr0.6Ca0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) Fig 3.5(a) Temperature dependence of magnetization (M) for Pr0.6Ca0.4Mn0.96B0.04O3 (B = Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ni and Ru) and Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 ... Pr0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = and 0.04) Fig 3.20 Temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) for ΔH = 1, 2, 3, and T for Pr0.6Ca0.4Mn1-xCrxO3, and Pr0.6Sr0.4Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = and 0.04) Fig 3.21...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:53

... my research and I am grateful to all of them Especially, I would like to sincerely thank my supervisors Prof Ariando and Prof T Venkatesan for educating and encouraging me Prof Ariando keeps me ... for h at 950 °C and 10-7 Torr vacuum) under zero and a perpendicular T field 87 Figure 3.9 In-plane transverse MR of the reduced STO (reduced for h) at and 10 K up to T The upper and lower insets ... properties of NdGaO3 (NGO) single crystals and thin films The UV (~360 and ~390 nm) and blue emissions (~420 nm) were observed in both NGO single crystals and thin films The PL emission of NGO is...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... crystalline Si core and amorphous SiO2 outer shell structure as confirmed by HRTEM image and SAED pattern On the other hand, the formation of crystalline Si–SiO2 core-shell nanowires first and then complete ... kind of structure as seen by Park and Yong [13] and Zhang et al [23] was observed This reveals that the nanowires have uniform amorphous structure across the length and diameter EDAX spectra of the ... a base pressure of 3.0 Â 10À6 Torr The source SiO and the substrates were inserted in the tube and kept at locations at $1200 1C (center zone) and $1000 1C (in the direction of carrier gas flow),...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:18

... (2) where B and n are constants, and t is the sonication time The data in Figures 13 and 14 were fit to curves of the forms given by (Equations and 2) The values of the constants and the coefficients ... nanofluid sample and four images for each TEM sample were recorded The TEM images were also analyzed using standard image processing methods, and the average lengths of MWCNTs and their uncertainties ... length and 1.3 mm in diameter) of the KD2-pro thermal property meter integrates a heating element and a thermometer Both the heat output and the temperature rise of the probe were recorded and sent...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... sample holder is in the shape of a cylinder and a ratio between the height and diameter equal to Due to the low concentration of the particle in the samples, and the high aspect ratio of the cylinder, ... Brookfield viscosity standard fluid The density, viscosity, particle volume fraction, and magnetic volume fraction of the magnetic fluid samples are shown in Table Result and discuss Initial susceptibility ... sufficiently diluted ferrofluid (sample and 2), magnetic dipolar interactions are neglected and the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid feel only the external magnetic field And the susceptibility increases...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... the curing behaviours and adhesive strengths of an epoxy (DGEB-A) and dicyandiamide/2-methyl imidazole system was studied by Hong and Chan.11 Many works in toughening of the EP have been reported.7–11 ... The present work attempts to discuss the compatibility between CTBN and the EP, and to investigate the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the modified EP EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Materials ... cooled to 40°C, 60 phr of curing agent (IPD) was added and the mixing continued for about The mixture was then poured into a mould and left in vacuum for 5–10 at room temperature (26°C) to remove...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... band to 2GHz Designation Q band 30 to 50GHz S band to 4GHz U band 40 to 60GHz C band to 8GHz V band 50 to 75GHz X band to 12GHz E band 60 to 90GHz Ku band 12 to 18GHz W band 75 to 110GHz K band ... (it includes interparticle, grain-grain and domain interactions), and m and h are the time varying magnetization vector and magnetic field intensity, and are given as: m = m x x + m y y + m z ... curve for first layer and denotes impedance curve for second layer) 115 5.15: Optimized R1 and R to obtain bandwidth of 0.86 115 5.16: R1 = 330 Ω/ R = 670 Ω/ and R = 1560 Ω/for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:18

... conduction band is mainly formed by the s orbitals of the cation, and the valence band by the p orbitals of the anion The exchange interaction between the s electrons in the conduction band and the ... u′ , j, and j′ (3) The two parameters, ∆ and U are related through the relation ∆ ≡ ε d − ε p + nU , where ε d and ε p are the bare energies of the 3d transition metal and the 2p ligand orbitals, ... similar band structures to that of ZnO, in particular when x is small Here, it is reasonable to consider that EF locates in the center of the bandgap, and the relative position of Fermi level and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... semiconductor It has a direct band gap at the Γ point in the energy band structure [32] The conduction band and the valence band are formed by the s-orbital of the cation and the p-orbital of the anion, ... GaAs- and GnN-based DMS is investigated systematically, and it is suggested that V- or Cr-doped ZnO, ZrS, ZnSe and ZnTe are candidates for high-Tc ferromagnetic DMSs V-, Cr or Mn-doped GaAs and ... 3.2eV V0+ eV Valence band Fig 2-6 Band scheme for ZnO at room temperature with intrinsic defect levels Znix and Zni+ refer to interstitials Zn and Zn+, respectively; V0x and V0+ refer to O vacancy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:07

... contribution of s band, p band and d band to the DOS They have been calculated on the basis of the results from one-panel calculations with s, p and d muffin-tin orbitals placed on TM and oxygen sites ... Theoretical calculated valence band spectrum of ZnO with d, p and s partial density of states Light curves describe the contribution of s band, p band and d band to the density of states, as ... conditions, near-band emission can be found at low Co concentration Figure 5-13(a) shows a typical near band PL emission spectrum In this figure, the emission band centered around 379 nm (near bandgap)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:07

... Oe, (b) 1000 Oe and (c) 2000 Oe, respectively; and temperature dependence of the difference magnetization between FC and ZFC magnetizations measured at (e) 100 Oe, (f) 1000 Oe and (g) 2000 Oe, ... 250 300 350 Temperature (K) Fig 6-4(a) ZFC (open) and FC (solid) curves and (b) temperature dependence of the difference magnetization between FC and ZFC magnetizations for Zn1-xCoxO thin films ... magnetic and transport behaviors of the films were characterized From our experimental results, we conclude that Zn1-xCoxO with x < 0.1 is a candidate material exhibiting both magnetic and semiconductive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:07

... the D band, G band and 2D band The D band appears due to the lattice defect or molecule absorbers, the G band indicates the vibrational state of graphene‟s sp2 bonding, while the 2D band shows ... massive Dirac bands (two conduction bands, two valence bands) and has hyperbolic dispersion relation In this situation, the band gap opens29, as shown in Fig 1.3B Figure 1.3 The band structure ... 1356cm-1 (D-band) and 1626cm-1 (D‟-band), as a consequence of increased disorder The ID/IG intensity ratio between the disorder-induced D-band and the characteristic pristine graphene G-band is as...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:13

... B=0.001 and C=0.0001 which were the values usually used for polymer films were used Both n and k (extinction coefficient) were first fitted Once a good fit was obtained, n and k were then fixed and ... interfacial energy and thickness They reported that the glass transition temperatures of ultra-thin films of polystyrene and poly(methylmethacrylate) depend strongly on the thickness and interfacial ... heat-distortion temperature, tensile strength and 10 modulus It is often used in high-performance electrical and electronic parts, microwave appliances and automotive parts.10 O O N N CH3 O O O O...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:04