... Jumpstart with Examples !The title of this book was originally Oracle SQL Reference, but duringthe writing process, we set our hearts on the new title Oracle SQL Jumpstart with Examples ... effectively, we need to understand the most basic forms of SQL, having much to do with why SQL was invented in thefirst place. In short, SQL database access has evolved with data modelingtechniques, Oracle ... developers. Essentially this book is all about Ora-cle SQL with some interesting additions such as XML, basic PL/SQL pro-gramming, and the basic facts about Oracle Database underlyingarchitecture....
... and shut down a database? Enhancing the basic physical architecture of an Oracle database.Let’s begin with some very basic concepts. 3.1 The Basic Concepts Oracle Database 10 g is ... datatype.Now you know the basic terminology for tables, rows, columns, anddatabases. As you know, security is always an issue when it comes to infor-mation. You may be familiar with some basic ways to ... Spooling is useful for saving queries you develop in SQL*Plus. Inaddition, with a few extra commands, you can create a report (with headings, titles, summaries, and so on) from SQL queriesand spool...
... DIS-TINCT and the DUAL table. So let’s begin with the basics of the SELECTstatement and some simple examples just to get into the swing of things. 4.1 The Basic SELECT Statement SELECT is the ... *. An asterisk (*) represents all column names within a querywhen used in the SELECT statement.Square brackets mean you can include the items within the square brack-ets or leave them out ... onmatching column values between tables.Subqueries are queries executed within other queries: a SELECTstatement executed within another calling SELECT statement.Queries for table and view creation...
... with MUSICCD_ID = 1. An editing session can be initi-ated from within SQL*Plus using the EDIT command.EDITIn the background, SQL*Plus writes a file named AFIEDT.BUF andthen opens the file with ... It givesyou a way to write queries and other SQL commands via the Internet oracross a network, in a Web browser. An Oracle installation comes with aminiature Web server, called HTTP Server, ... ampersand characters (&). Any string beginning with & or && is avariable! In programming, the act of replacing a variable with a value isknown as variable substitution. A named...
... column names on the ARTIST and SONG tables. Use cau-tion with the ANSI format of the natural join. The NATURAL JOINclause matches all columns with identical column names in the two tables.If columns ... rows from both tables as with an inner join butincluding rows from one or both tables that do not have matchingrows in the other table. Missing values are replaced with null values. Left ... REPLACE will replace everyoccurrence of the search string with the replacement string. Wherethe REPLACE function matches any search string within the string,TRANSLATE will match each character...
... Functions CUME_DIST(expression [, expression ]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY expression [, expression]) . The cumulative distribu-tion of an expression within a group of values. A cumulative fre-quency ... func-tion, we start with the probability and compute the correspondingvalue for the cumulative distribution. 11.2.1.4 Ranking Functions RANK(expression [, expression ]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER ... values.PERCENT_RANK(expression [, expression ]) WITHINGROUP (ORDER BY [, expression ]). A cumulative distributionranking function. See CUME_DIST above.DENSE_RANK(expression [, expression ]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY...
... alike, is taken for granted. Basic . In Oracle SQL, a basic expression is really only a string, avalue, a column, or perhaps a sequence reference within a SELECTstatement list. For ... your DML commandswith the ROLLBACK com-mand. There are some conditions for this operation, which are dis-cussed in the next section.So before going into the precise details of DML commands ... watermark. 308 14.2 Regular Expressions with three words returns the middle word; a string with four words returnsthe middle two words; and strings with either one or two words are notreturned...
... chapter deals with making changes to the database usingDML commands to add, change, and remove data. We begin with theINSERT command. Figure 15.5 Two Updates to theSame Row with aSAVEPOINTLabel ... XMLType datatype with respectto Oracle SQL. The XMLType datatype is merely a storage medium andhas little to do with actually “doing things” to XML structures, with OracleSQL commands. We want ... examine how XML doc-uments can be created, accessed, and manipulated directly from withinOracle SQL. To begin with, let’s briefly summarize exactly what XML is. Toaccomplish this, we have to start...
... are four simple examples for showing entire XML value contents. The first two examples will return the entire XML value in a single row on a single line. The thirdand fourth examples will beautify ... present the usefulness of XML with respect to both Oracle Database and relational databases in general.The next chapter will begin coverage of Data Definition Language (DDL) commands by looking at tables.17.4 ... watermark. 416 18.6 Adding Comments to TablesYou cannot use a WHERE clause filter with a TRUNCATE com-mand like you can with a DELETE command. Thus TRUNCATEwill always delete all rows from a table.You...
... views include awide variety of queries. Two common ones are views with joins and views with inline subqueries. 19.3.3.1 Views with Joins Let’s dive right in by creating a complex view that ... the intent of the view. To ensure that the viewis never used for updating, you can create it with the WITH READ ONLYclause as in the following example:CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW OLDMUSIC_VIEW ASSELECT ... with JoinsModifying data through a view that joins two tables is tricky. In addition toall the rules that Oracle Database 10g imposes on simple views, there arestill more rules for views with...
... makes queries with anindexed expression in the WHERE clause much faster. Often, func-tions in the WHERE clause cause the Optimizer to ignore indexes. Afunction-based index provides with the Optimizer ... on the indexed columns. However, large OLTP sys-tems do use IOTs with some success, and these IOTs are likely to befor tables with a small number of columns or short row length (seeChapter 18). ... could verify Jackie’s new password by connecting with the new pass-word: CONNECT JACKIE/JACKIE#1@OLTP; Figure 23.3 Change thePassword with theALTER USERCommand. Chap23.fm Page 509...
... recent errors. When compiling a procedure with an error, either access USER_ERRORS or type the commandSHOW ERRORS into SQL*Plus.This chapter has described the basics of PL/SQL as a programming lan-guage ... Condition. A search condition with no selector. This form ofthe CASE statement is very similar to the IF statement shown in Fig-ure 24.14. Selector and Expression. A selector with an expression result ... command:GRANT MUSIC_ACCESS TO PRINCE WITH ADMIN OPTION;Granting a role to a user has the same syntax as granting system privi-leges; therefore, you use the WITH ADMIN OPTION when you want theuser...
... ARTIST_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE SONG_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE INSTRUMENT_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT ... STUDIOTIME_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE MUSICCD_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE GENRE_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY ... continent_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE country_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE;CREATE SEQUENCE retailer_ID_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT...