link state routing protocol program c

... Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 21 Implementing Link-State Routing Protocols Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 22 Advantages of Link-State Routing Protocols Routing protocol ... www.bkacad.com Link-State Routing • How routers using Link State Routing Protocols reach convergence – Each routers learns about its own directly connected networks – Link state routers exchange ... Chapter 10 - Link-State Routing Protocols CCNA Exploration 4.0 Objectives • • Describe the basic features & concepts of link-state routing protocols List the benefits and requirements of link-state

Ngày tải lên: 28/07/2014, 18:21

... the routing table ITE PC v4.0 Chapter © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Public 20 Link-State Routing Protocols Advantages of a Link State Routing Protocol Link-State Routing protocol ... Link-State Routing Protocols Routing Protocols and Concepts – Chapter 10 ITE PC v4.0 Chapter © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Public Objectives Describe the basic features ... Distance vector No Link State Yes ITE PC v4.0 Chapter © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Public 21 Link-State Routing Protocols There are several advantages of link-state routing protocols

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 18:20

... protocols among network engineers EIGRP can be referred to as a hybrid protocol It combines most of the characteristics of traditional distance vector protocols with some characteristics of link-state ... link-state protocols Specifically, EIGRP is “enhanced” by using four routing technologies: • • • • Neighbor discovery/recovery Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) DUAL finite-state machine Protocol-dependent ... Cisco-proprietary protocol, but with the aid of redistribution, this point becomes moot EIGRP is a classless routing protocol It directly interfaces to IP as protocol 88 EIGRP uses the multicast

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 19:20

... vendor routing OSs That way, we hope to close the gap between barely specified specification and undocumented vendor-specific behaviour 1.2 Routing. .. looks like IS-IS is a routing protocol ... understand if the CLNP specific part was separated from the base protocol So IS-IS can be used for routing IP packets just as well as the other major link-state protocol, the Open... ... available covering the entire protocol and how IS-IS is used for routing Internet Protocol (IP) packets The base specification of the protocol was first published... but little of it has changed

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... destination Media Access Control (MAC) address of the receiver as well. Next, the packet is transported inside the router chassis by any form of switch fabric. Common switch fabric designs are crossbars, ... for 7688 msec (126/40), process = ISIS Router, PC = 32804A8. 22 2. Router Architecture Process A Process B Application scheduler Application scheduler FIGURE 2.8. Per-application scheduling requires ... anachronism still present? The clean-sheet design, of course, would be where a big “all protocols” routing process is partitioned into individual sub- processes. Each routing protocol instance

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... But Cisco has developed a clever tool called the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to address that problem. CDP is encapsulated in a sub-network access protocol (SNAP) frame. Encapsulating CDP in ... logged Cisco Systems IOS CLI 53 debug isisip access-list bgp interface tcp adj-packets checksum-errors local-updates mpls protocol-errors snp-packets spf-statistics spf-triggers update-packets ... starting site is Cisco’s online manuals, which can be accessed at http://www.cisco.com/univercd/ cc/td/doc/product/software/index.htm. 3.3 Juniper Networks JUNOS CLI The IOS-style CLI is the standard

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... several protocols over a single link. First, a protocol called the PPP line control protocol (LCP) opens up the circuit and first negotiates parameters concerning the link. Examples of LCP duties ... authentication, compression, three-way handshake etc. Next, for each network protocol like IP, IPX, IPv6 and OSI, there is a dedicated control protocol (CP). For instance, the IP Control Protocol ... policy. It creates a policy named all-statics under the policy-options branch of the configuration hierarchy. Next, it defines the match and action clauses. If the route’s originating protocol

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... 2 adjacency on a point-to-point circuit is displayed as two separate adjacencies in the show isis Adjacency output. hannes@Munich> show isis Adjacency Interface System L State Hold (secs) SNPA ... two sections describe very common failure scenarios that all start with one-way connectivity as the. .. setting the Adjacency State to Up which causes Router B to declare the adjacency up ... Additionally, there is the Local Circuit-ID field that carries the link’s circuit number The IS-IS specification leaves it quite open as to what value should be inserted for the Local Circuit-ID. For example,

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... second to the detection time following a link-failure on the routing protocols. But by tracking an interface state, routers can detect the liveliness state much more quickly. 5.6.2 Interface ... Unlike distance vector protocols, such as RIP, link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, don’t tell only their neighbours about the topology of the network. Link-state protocols distribute ... dynamically The BFD protocol, unlike many other protocols, includes no auto-neighbour discov- ery. It has client software instead, typical of the IP routing protocols, and based on the detected

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... might churn the net- work. In typical transport protocols such as TCP there is a built-in feedback mechanism that makes the sender slow down if the receiver feels overwhelmed. This is called flow control. ... "flooding" links FIGURE 6.14. Mesh-Group blocks remove certain links from the flooding topology IOS configuration In IOS, LSP flooding can be reduced using the isis mesh-group blocked configuration command ... flavour of Mesh- Groups can be enabled by use of the mesh-group blocked config-uration directive under the protocols isis interface <interface-name> configuration hierarchy, as shown in the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... known LSP, which contains an adjacency change • Local aged adjacency • Receipt of a new/unknown LSP • New Area-ID in the Level-1 network • Link metric change • Purging an LSP • Periodically for additional ... It can be changed using the spf-delay configuration command, which is available under the protocols isis stanza. This command affects both the partial and the full SPF calculation and can be changed ... maturity cycle of routing protocol software? A routing protocol becomes... that there is bi-directional connectivity between Router A and Router B However, the Neighbour List lacks a Length

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... IS Reachability TLV. In our example TLV, two adjacencies are reported. The first link adjacency is describing link characteristics to Neighbour 1921.6800.1008.00. The cost of using this link during ... becomes an OC-3/STM-1 circuit capable of carrying 155 Mbps Assign the lowest-cost metric to the high-speed circuit, as before About 100 times the capacity... TLV #130 shares exactly the ... TLVs in IS-IS, and in which packet type the TLV might occur. The Type field is an 8-bit entity, which is a relatively small space, given the fact that routing protocols can live dozens of years.

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... and fallback to automatic metric calculation: IOS command output Unconfiguring the metric-style wide back to metric-style narrow causes IOS to drop every static metrics at the interface level. ... Metric for an interface. There are distinct metric settings for each level on an interface. IOS configuration In IOS there are distinct metric settings for each level. The isis metric <metric> ... Reference Bandwidth. Typically the routing metrics should be controlled manually to have tighter control about the impact of all kinds of re-routing scenarios. 12.3.2 Static Metric Setting Service

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... ISIS-AuthInfo: Packet failed the md5 check, 77 bytes, type 17 Authenticating Routing Information 359 [...]... protocol’s specification Finally, compare the selfcalculated checksum to the previously ... password is correct upon receipt. Once all the routers in the network send the correct authentication information, the routers can gradually switch to symmetric authentication that does check to see ... receiver has no chance of detecting that this is an attack, as the IIH is properly authenticated. Of course, a few packet exchanges after the attack, the adjacency would move again to the Up state

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... holding time: 27s, circuit-id: 0x01, Flags: [ L1L2 IS ] circuit-id: 0x01, PDU length: 82 Point-to-point Adjacency State TLV #240, length: 15 Adjacency State: Up Extended Local circuit ID: 0x00000001 ... transmission 403 VCI CLP HEC VPI FIGURE 14.8 In the cell-based MPLS world, IP protocols do the label setup PT GFC Q.2931 Signalling Cell Header PNNI Routing PT GFC CLP Label HEC RSVP/LDP OSPF ... it has achieved 3-way state by listing its neighbour’s adjacency state or SNPA (for more on adjacency management see Chapter 5, “Neighbour Discovery and Handshaking”), then the adjacency will

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... traffic-eng command. IOS configuration In order to switch from dynamic computation to an explicit execution use the tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 5 explicit command. interface Tunnel0 description ... more attractive to the rest of the. .. that the other routing protocol is still masking the routes from the new routing protocol A modification of the protocol preference configuration ... traffic between cities can be sucked across the Atlantic A common design rule is to keep the IGP cost slightly above the cost of the real topology, and it should not exceed the typical link-metric

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... OSI traffic. Below the routing protocol stanza the output shows level, metric and number of active adjacencies information. London#show clns interface POS4/0 is up, line protocol is up Checksums ... CLNS SSE switching disabled DEC compatibility mode OFF for this interface Next ESH/ISH in 38 seconds Routing Protocol: IS-IS Circuit Type: level-1-2 Interface number 0x0, local circuit ID 0x100 ... interface properties and adjacency tables are the show clns interface and show clns neighbor command. IOS command output The output of the show clns command contains many OSI-related fields which

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... networks that run link-state protocols need to be carefully designed and a lot of factors need to be considered to get to such a scale. By ignoring certain reasonable constraints, you can easily break ... no specific knob to control advertising behaviour. In JUNOS you write a policy for achieving that task. Later you call that policy as export policy in the protocols isis {} branch. JUNOS configuration ... interface lo0.0; to { protocol isis; level 2; } then accept; } term final { then reject } } } [… ] } BGP has perfected flow-control capabilities because it runs on top of the Transmission Control Protocol

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... network, including • Packet switches (routers) • TDM switches (SONET/SDH cross-connects (TXC)) • Optical switches (lambda and fibre cross-connects (OXC)) all run an instance of a common routing and ... oc-48 metric 4 oc-48 metric 4 oc-48 metric 4 oc-48 metric 4 oc-48 metric 4 Optical UNI Interface Optical UNI Interface Frankfurt London Paris Amsterdam Madrid FIGURE 17.3. By connecting the router ... the TDM cross-connects gets advertised as an OC-192c/STM-64 pipe that has TDM switching capabilities. Each lambda cross-connect will ignore any adja- cency of a lower switching layer for consideration

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21

... Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—5-6 Link- State Routing Protocol Algorithms © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—5-9 Drawbacks to Link- State Routing Protocols • Initial ... topology discovery and can be both memory- and processor-intensive. • Balanced hybrid routing protocols combine aspects of both distance vector and link- state protocols.

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 08:20