linear and nonlinear forward rates

... overcome these difficulties, Heston and Zhou (2000) proposed a smoothing and adjustment approach and implemented them on trinomial and pentanomial lattices Alford and Webber (2001) considered numerous ... returns For the pentanomial and heptanomial trees, the probabilities [P] and parameters [W ] are slightly different from those provided by Heston and Zhou (2000) and Alford and Webber (2001) respectively ... TRA(i, j, t), INT(i, j, t) and TER(i, j, t) Ohlson (1995) and Feltham and Ohlson (1995) suggest that a linear model could capture the relation between market values and value-relevant events (i.e.,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2012, 16:18

... – Call Across WAN May I call 2111 with a bandwidth of 384K? Call flow H.323 RAS signaling yes you can! IP WAN zone zone Admission Control Via Zone BandWidth in the Cisco IOS MCM Gatepeer H×nh4:...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2012, 21:11

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2013, 15:23

... Development Committee of Experts Mandate • Keep under review and update as necessary the UN Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries and the Manual for the Negotiation ... between Developed and Developing Countries • Provide a framework for dialogue with a view to enhancing and promoting cooperation among national tax authorities and assess how new and emerging issues ... the flow of international trade and investment; - provide a framework of legal and fiscal certainty to investors; - prevent discrimination between foreign investors and local taxpayers; - improve...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:19

... 1994) could be estimated via a modified version of the nonlinear regression estimation: we recommend estimating p and q via nonlinear regression, and obtaining the estimates for the impact of marketing ... long-term purchase intentions) and use nonlinear regression given in Eq (6) for estimating just p and q The parameters of the Generalized Bass model (Bass, Krishnan, and Jain 1994) could be estimated ... effects and the plot of n(t) against time (t) will have an inverted U shape On the other hand, if q

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 12:15

... first equation and p would then be given by p= F0δt − Sd Su − Sd where F0δt = S0 e(r −q)δt is the forward rate (iii) Conditions on Drift and Variance: Values can be obtained for u, d and p from a ... from a knowledge of the mean and variance of Sδt Writing Su = u S0 and Sd = d S0 and interpreting p as the probability of an up-move in a risk-neutral world, the mean and variance of Sδt may be ... (iii) Cox, Ross and Rubinstein: An alternative, popular arrangement of Su and Sd is to start the other way round: specify the pseudo-probability as p = and derive a compatible pair u and d Putting...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 16:20

... work done and cooperate, and during design, Sequence diagrams are sued to show what actual responsibilities and operations are assigned to which classes The example diagram below demonstrates some ... notation and semantics Dynamic interaction and behaviour in UML is broken down into three main categories: Interactions between object instances at run-time This is modelled using Sequence diagram and/ or ... diagrams, as Collaboration and Sequence diagrams are semantically identical General activity descriptions covering business process and user interaction Activity diagrams and Business Process diagrams...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:16

... which 10 b b is greater than one The estimated standard error for β + δ requires the estimated b and b and the estimated covariance between β and b and is given by b variances of β δ δ d b d b d ... time In many applications of the MM, α and β are estimated using past data and the estimated values of α and β are used to make decision about asset allocation and risk over some future time period ... α1 = α and β = β, and when Dt = the model is Rt = (α + δ ) + (β + δ )RMt + εt , t = TB+1 , , T, so that α2 = α + δ and β = β + δ The hypothesis of no structural change is now H0 : δ = and δ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 14:53

... construct, and document the artifacts of a software system It captures decisions and understanding about systems that must be constructed It is used to understand, design, browse, configure, maintain, and ... work with a system and understand it better, the model must be iterated at all levels to capture that understanding; it is impossible to understand a large system in a single, linear pass There ... languages, such as Cobol and Fortran, emerged in the 1970s and became widespread in the 1980s Foremost among them was Structured Analysis and Structured Design [Yourdon-79] and its variants, such...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 04:19

... Identifying Keys In this exercise, you will identify primary, foreign, and composite keys for a logical data model based on the Ferguson and Bardell, Inc case study ! Specify the keys in a logical data ... Key: (FK) Composite Key: (CK) Draw a line under the attributes used to define the composite key, and then label their types as Primary or Foreign Next, you will discuss your answers with the class...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 06:16

... aggregate output and the interest rate • LM curve is the combinations of interest rates and aggregate output for which MD = MS Equilibrium in the Goods Market: The IS Curve • Interest rates and planned ... Includes money and interest rates in the Keynesian framework • Examines an equilibrium where aggregate output equals aggregate demand • Assumes fixed price level where nominal and real quantities ... •Government spending and taxes can be used to change the position of the aggregate demand function •Government spending adds directly to aggregate demand •Taxes not affect aggregate demand directly •If...

Ngày tải lên: 05/01/2014, 17:00

... the excess demand for money • Aggregate output and the interest rate are positively related to government spending and negatively related to taxes Response of Aggregate Output and Interest Rate ... rate and crowds out investment spending and net exports • The less interest-sensitive money demand is, the more effective monetary policy is relative to fiscal policy Effectiveness of Monetary and ... is preferred Money Supply and Interest Rate Targets When IS Curve is Unstable and LM Curve is Stable Money Supply and Interest Rate Targets When LM Curve is Unstable and IS Curve is Stable The...

Ngày tải lên: 05/01/2014, 17:00

... nsIRDFService datasources, resources, and literals It also registers and unregisters datasources and resources nsIRDFCompositeDataSource Allows the addition and removal of a datasource from a composite ... interface, adding and removing datasources from the composite is easy You can also enumerate the datasources by using the getNext method Example 10-8 demonstrates how to add, remove, and cycle through ... of the object and its properties In addition to GetTarget, as seen above, a GetTargets function returns an object and its properties in an enumeration This function can be very handy for quick...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 06:20

... interesting and useful The parseString function allows you to feed nsIRDFXMLParser a string and have it parse that data as RDF and put it into a datasource, as Example 10-9 demonstrates Example ... interface facilitates the creation of containers and provides other container-related functions It provides functions that make and work with a sequence, bag, and alternative (The functions work the same ... something } Built-in datasources that implement nsIRDFRemoteDataSource (and other necessary interfaces) and their own data handling include: @mozilla.org/rdf/datasource;1?name=history @mozilla.org/browser/bookmarks-service;1...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 06:20

... and update the data (if(gRDF.getAttribute(tempItem,'name')==name), and utilities that make work with RDF files easier (path = fileUtils.chrome_to_path(rdfFileURL)) Example 10-13 initializes and ... by using the path and a root resource identifier, and the "xFly" namespace is used for the data references Example 10-14 shows that the RDF file is ready to have its data added and deleted Example ... easily This is where RDF and dynamic overlays come in The RDF you provide in your package makes it possible for the chrome registry, discussed in Chapter 6, to find, understand, and register your new...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 06:20

... courses and enhanced, hands-on labs offer practical skills and tips that you can immediately put to use Our expert instructors draw upon their experiences to help you understand key concepts and ... presentation and application layers (6 and 7) When the TCP/IP transport layer protocol is UDP, the process layer’s functions are equivalent to OSI session, presentation, and application layers (5, 6, and ... interface cards • Ethernet and Token Ring switches • Bridges NICs have a layer or MAC address A switch uses this address to filter and forward traffic, helping relieve congestion and collisions on a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 09:20

... transfer and connection release Responsible for end-to-end integrity of data transmission • • • • Segments data and also reassembles data from upper layers Delivers data in connection and connection-less ... at a time) and full duplex (both ways simultaneously) Flow control and error recovery Routes data from one node to another • • Establishes a connection between two nodes by physical and logical ... up from the wire Transmits the raw bit stream and includes electrical signaling and hardware interface Manages putting data onto the network media and taking the data off ...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 09:20