limitations+of+genetic+association+studies

... lung for 14 criteria (x-axis) used Percentage ofassessment of genetic association studies supporting for the quality assessment of genetic association studies supporting susceptibility and/or outcome ... Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease Nat Genet 2003, 33:177-182 Neale BM, Sham PC: The future of association studies: ... nearly absent as part of the statistical toolbox of the studies (89.7%) As few as studies (6.9%) supported the association in an independent validation sample [32,35] Only of 29 studies (20.7%) explored...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... groups (Table 4) In case of a combination effect of the three SNPs, we further analyzed the association of ATA haplotype with IL-10 production Table showed that the production of IL-10 was lowest ... the influence of interfering factors The patient cohort consisted of young patients with a low background of coexisting morbidity Similar to their association with IL-10 production, genetic variations ... clinical relevance of the IL-10 promoter polymorphisms in a larger cohort of trauma patients and to investigate the relation of these SNPs with other genetic polymorphisms in prediction of sepsis and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... manifestations of allergy and asthma [15, 72] World-wide, high total serum levels of IgE have been used as a predictor of the development of asthma [15], thus gaining the understanding of the genetic ... leading to a release of a host of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus causing mucosal inflammation and the physical manifestation of the disease The role of IgE in the development of allergic disorders ... particular that of IgE, and thus, are mainly found in association with strong antibody and allergic response [23] The mode of which is via the production and secretion of an array of cytokines such...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 14:23

... low-frequency alleles Complementary functional studies should lead to a full understanding of the biological basis of the genetic associations of this region with autoimmune rheumatic diseases ... structure of the region This will be followed by well-powered genetic studies in both RA and SLE that will hopefully lead to the identification of the primary disease-related variants, some of which ... Approximately 20% of pseudogenes are transcribed, and some generate siRNAs that target homologous genes [8] Sequence variability in the sequence of the pseudogene could potentially affect expression of PTPN11,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... Estimation of genetic OBERTSON closed herd of dairy cattle J Genetics, 50, 1-7 OBERTSON R A., 1977 The effect of selection Ziichtungsbiol., 94, 131-135 on gain in milk the estimation of yield by ... reciprocal of its standard deviation, U % gives the same economic value to an increase of one genetic standard deviation in fat as well as in protein content So the genetic correlation of U % was ... Heritability of milk yield and HMED HOMPSON at different levels and variability of production Anim Prod., 36, 59-68 W.G., composition INKOVSKI H T.S., 1968 Value of some genetic determinants of milk...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... slightly between population genetics and phenotype association studies In association analyses, the goal is usually to maximize the number of putatively real variants, any of which could be causal ... of chromosomes Figure The influence of sample size in detecting recent population expansions (a) Demographic model used in the simulations Times of demographic events (in units of thousands of ... sample sizes of 50 and 2,000 chromosomes (c) Average value of Tajima’s D based on 104 simulation replicates as a function of sample size (number of chromosomes) The lines denote values of Tajima’s...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... CDKN2A/B [12] No association BCC, no association to CM KRT5, G138E substitution [12] No association BCC, no association to CM 7q32 adjacent to KLF14 [12] No association BCC, no association to CM ... precursors and markers of melanoma risk [33,34] The genetics of melanocytic nevus formation appear to be related to, but distinct from, CM development A meta-analysis of 46 different studies related ... predisposition to other such forms of cutaneous malignancies [12] Risk variants of cutaneous malignancies Association with pigmentation phenotype and risk of cutaneous melanoma A comprehensive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... the period of mood disturbance Also recorded was the onset of first episode, the number of episodes, offset of last episode, and total duration of illness Psychiatric assessments of child family ... chr (hg17) Genomic Organization of RORB with Association Results Figure Genomic Organization of RORB with Association Results The genomic location and organization of RORB are shown, with exons ... disorder, it is possible they so by altering the expression of one or both of the RORB isoforms One of the haplotype blocks exhibiting a positive association (block in Figure and Table 2) spans the region...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... genome-wide association studies; RA, rheumatoid arthritis Competing interests This study was financially supported partly by the grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan Author ... Gorlova OY, Amos C, Logothetis CJ: GWAS meets microarray: are the results of genome wide association studies and geneexpression profiling consistent? Prostate cancer as an example Plos One 2009, 4:e6551 ... http://arthritis-research.com/content/12/2/401 Page of Table Candidate genes identified from rheumatoid arthritis genome-wide association studies Gene GeneID PMID Gene expression (up or down)...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:23

... A number of genes with association to allergic disease have been reported [12,13] The majority of studies are however for asthma phenotypes In 2006, Ober and Hoffjan presented a list of 118 genes ... gene-gene interaction studies in the molecular genetic analysis of asthma and atopy Clin Exp Allergy 1999, 29 (Suppl 4):47-51 Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ober C: Association studies for asthma and ... phenotypes probably share some of their genetic background However, only 17 of the genes listed in [13] were found to be associated with the rhinitis phenotype Very few of these studies have been replicated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... from hospital, which varies among countries Overview of studies Messori and colleagues also report the results of a metaanalysis of four studies of AT III in sepsis [5–8] Conclusions are drawn based ... observational nature and the lack of any standardisation of definitions or outcomes Controlled studies usually indicate the 28 day mortality whereas observational studies indicate the hospital mortality, ... place too much weight on meta-analyses of studies conducted in critical care settings because the spectacular failure of metaanalyses to predict the outcomes of subsequent large-scale RCTs is well...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... examined in genetic association studies in infectious disease is IL-6 These studies have also produced conflicting results and highlight the problems with reproducibility in genetic association studies ... in part be responsible for the lack of reproducibility of many genetic association studies in sepsis A haplotype-based approach to candidate gene association studies enables us to avoid making ... strategies for genetic association studies, such as genome-wide association, practical, and they allow researchers to take an unbiased approach to association studies independent from selection of candidate...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... pathogenesis of AN has been emphasized in various studies [1-3] Accordingly, heritability estimates derived from twin studies revealed that 58–76% of the variance of AN can be explained by genetic ... lack of evidence for an association of the rs1049353 A-allele to patients with AN Contrary to our initial expectation of an effect size of 1.43 estimated from the trio sample, the true effect of ... receptor signalling as well as genetic variation of FAAH, NAAA and MGLL leading to increased enzyme activity might be implicated in the etiology of AN We performed association studies to analyse whether...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:21

... survival was affected by FVL carrier status During a median of 698 (IQR: 24 to 1117) days of follow up, 23 of 28 (82.1%) carriers compared to 115 of 209 (55%) non-carriers died (log-rank test, P = 0.005, ... information on specific causes of death after discharge from hospital Future studies are warranted to further investigate this association Our study has several limitations Individuals in the ... may influence the estimates of disease susceptibility because age is one of the most important risk factors for acquisition of infectious disease However, the effects of Factor V Leiden carrier...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... methods for elucidating the genetic basis of CAD are presented Studies using association analysis to explain genetic basis of CAD are reviewed To obtain a better understanding of GWAS conducted in the ... search of genetic variants on a genome wide scale Therefore, association analysis provides a much more effective way to unveil the genetic basis of CAD 2.3 Genome wide association studies of coronary ... progress of GWAS of CAD as well as lipid traits and highlight the major findings 2.3.1 GWAS of CAD Genome wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with CAD Most of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:17

... DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH YONG LOO LIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NATIONAL UNVERISTIY OF SINGAPORE Association Analysis of Genetic Variation of Estrogen Related Candidate ... exposure: Genetic polymorphisms in ER cofactors 37 7.5.2.1 Molecular function of ER coactivator and ER corepressor 38 7.5.2.2 The constraints of ER cofactor study 43 7.5.2.3 Genetic association ... explore the association between genetic variants in ESR2 and breast cancer risk 7.5 Candidate gene based genetic association study Candidate genes are chosen in genetic association studies based...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 17:58

... professional skills, capable of working at the typical position of trade expected by society in keeping with each period of socio-economic development The objective of professional training of ... directly to the growth of national income by improving the skills and productive capacities of the labor force This important finding led to a flood of studies on the economic value of investment in ... concept of an aggregate production function, which links output (Y) to the input of physical capital (K) and labor (L) The simple form of production function, assumed in many of these studies, ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:31

... 2) Operation’s speed of machines equipment: The clear reason of low profitability is low efficiency of equipment (adjusted lower than 20 per cent) It is because of the lack of jobs as well as equipment ... objectives of an enterprises, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals” (Chandler,1989) There is also the another definition of strategy ... the beginning of 1990 Although the numbers have dropped, state enterprises are still the main engine of the company, accounting for nearly 90% of total funds of all enterprises, 85% of the fixed...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:32

... Source: Korean Textile Industry Association The most visible changes in Korean channels of distribution are the increasing market shares of discount stores, and the rise of Internet shopping These ... cannot make profits if they continue to increase sales commissions Taking into account sales commissions of 25%, intermediate management commissions of 15%, manufacturing costs of 30% and constant ... quality goods at reasonable prices Table 6: The Trend of Purchasing Place of Kids Apparel Source: Samsung DesignNet 19 Journal of Business Case Studies – November/December 2009 Volume 5, Number Focusing...

Ngày tải lên: 17/04/2013, 20:23