limitations of current grammar

... Association for Computational Linguistics Limitations of Current Grammar Induction Algorithms Bart Cramer School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences University of Groningen Groningen, the Netherlands bart.cramer@gmail.com Abstract I ... development of entirely incremental grammar induction algorithms instead of the approaches of the systems discussed before. 1 Introduction Grammar induction is a task within the field of nat- ural ... suitable for the problem of gram- mar induction. Also, incremental systems have the advantage of an intuitive notion of time: it is al- ways clear which working hypothesis of a grammar is maintained. Emile...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:58

... network of a workshop having a good knowledge of automatic control principles, the movement of electric currents of DC and AC electric engines; being able to explain and design the installation of ... were made through MOF offices at the central, provincial and district levels. Nowadays decisions are made jointly by MOET and MOF, with MOF responsible for the allocation of recurrent expenditure ... is available on current levels of contribution. The study of 17 schools conducted as part of the EHRS analysis indicated community contributions amounted to 26% of the total cost of education....

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:31

... capita, and for 1/200 of industrial rate in industrialized countries. 2) Operation’s speed of machines equipment: The clear reason of low profitability is low efficiency of equipment (adjusted ... The environment Resources Generation of options Evaluation of options Selection of strategy Resource planning Organisation structure People & systems Figure 2.2: A Summary Model of the Elements of Strategic Management (Source: ... produced 100-500 tons of sugarcane per day to 1500 tons/day combination of some export equipment, producing about 20-40 per cent of equipment for production lines of 2000,4000,6000 tons of sugarcane per...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:32

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 15:40

Ngày tải lên: 01/09/2013, 11:31

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 07:15

Ngày tải lên: 22/11/2013, 00:57

... background of com- munications is not a belief system or a set of rules or principles but is rather a set of social skills, a kind of know-how, any aspect of which makes sense only in the rest of the ... understandings of it. The impossibility of this task is underlined by Dreyfus (1998) who cites Husserl’s exasperation at trying to give a detailed account of the experience of the everyday lives of social ... for a variety of applications, three of which are presently described. While the technical inner- workings of these CBR platforms are certainly of interest (but outside the scope of this paper),...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... calculation of the rms value of the current error which, of course, is related to the energy of the error and, therefore, to the dynamic performance of the current controller. Differently from the current ... implemented by means of a three-phase VSI. The current control of the filter operates the switches so as to generate a suitable current The current reference is derived by subtracting the load current from ... scheme of the complete control structure is shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Scheme of the control system. In order to limit the maximum slope of the load current within the compensation capability of the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:45

... front of [the statue of] Hachiko around 6 yesterday.” Rokuji-goro Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu. “I was in front of [the statue of] Hachiko around 6.” Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu. “I was in front of ... ita-n-desu-ka. “Were you in front of [the statue of] Hachiko at 6 yesterday, too?” Ee, (boku-mo) Hachikoo-mae-ni ita-n-desu. “Yes, I was in front of [the statue of] Hachiko, too.” Ee, (boku-mo) ... tedious task of explaining them. We provide only those pieces of information which are essential to understanding Japanese. In other words, we are trying to help you make sense of Japanese grammar...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 09:45

... questions about, rather than with what health professionals feel people should know (Reid). Local context may be more important than technical elements of the text. A study of cancer patients in Australia (Butow), ... professionals and other patients. Future research could measure the effectiveness of: • increasing the amount of time health professionals spend with patients (Tymchuk, Reid) • supplementing print materials ... Journal of Public Health, 79 (10), 1411-1412. Michielutte, R., Bahnson, J., Digman, M.B., & Schroeder, E.M. (1992). The use of illustration and narrative style to improve readability of a health...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20

... or consisted of a very limited number of specific recommendations concerning one domain, a brief description of each publication is given, including a short summary of the scope of the guideline, ... investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population E11 5 ICH Worldwide 11 2001 Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 on the approximation of ... increased risk of adverse drug reactions and ineffectiveness of particular drugs have been demonstrated, due to the use of off-label or unlicensed drugs in children. 3;4 Extrapolation of adult...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... IIA Code of Ethics consists of a number of basic principles which internal auditors are expected to uphold, together with rules of conduct which describe the norms of behaviour expected of internal ... low of 15% to a high of 69% of internal audit activities. Paape, Scheffe and Snoep (2003) found that 64% of respondents to their survey of 3 Anderson (2003) provides a general discussion of ... http://www.theiia.org/guidance/standards-and- practices/position-papers /current- position-papers/. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). 2000. Code of Ethics. http://www.theiia.org/guidance/standards-and-practices/professional-practices- framework/code -of- ethics/....

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... space. 5.5 Sesame The software producer of Sesame 37 is Aduna 38 . This company sets the focus of their work in revealing the meaning of information. Sesame was started as a prototype of the EU project ... be provided. The mode of operation of the test suite is based on a use–case taken from real life. An automtic execution of miscellaneous queries is imitating the behavior of human operators. Lehigh ... of a set of parser and writer for the handling of RDF data. This is for instance used by the Storage And Inference Layer (Sail) API for initializ- ing, querying, modifying and the shut down of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... generation capabil- ities of the grammars. We use two of the DELPH- IN wide-coverage grammars: the English Resource Grammar (ERG: Copestake and Flickinger (2000)) and a German grammar, GG (M ¨ uller ... the efficiency of a parser with a possible trade-off of los- ing correct parses. For example, the noun phrase reading of The dog barks is a correct parse, although unlikely. By blocking the use of barks ... available, it was possible to evaluate the accuracy of the parser. Eval- uation of deep parsing results is often reported only in terms of coverage (number of sentences which re- 614 Threshold Coverage...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... bridge a gap be- tween minimalist program and the logical view of categorial grammar. We thus obtained a de- scription of minimalist grammars which is quite formal and allows for a better interface ... picture of these logical grammars is as follows. A lexicon maps words (or, more generally, items) onto a logical formula, called the (syntactic) type of the word. Types are de- fined from syntactic of ... slashes) together with the commutative product of lin- ear logic . 1 Once an array of items has been selected, a sen- tence (orany phrase) is adeduction of IP (or of the phrasal category) under the assumptions...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... result of the application of that metarule. This maximal set is called the finite closure (FC) of a set R of lexical ID rules under a set M of metarules. The cleanest possible complexity proof ... of theories of the structure of sentences under which significant properties of grammars and languages fall out as theorems as opposed to being stipulated as axioms (p.4)." The role of ... in the GPSG. While the FCRs in some grammars may reduce the number of categories, FCRs are a language-particular component of the grammar. The vast number of categories cited above is inherent...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20