limitations and future challenges

... regarding the research and their consent was obtained while completing the files They were divided into two positive and negative groups in terms of having anthracosis and two positive and negative groups ... anesthetized for bronchoscopy, and had oxygen support according to the related protocols Moreover, heart electric activity and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored and recorded continuously in ... for acid fast bacilli using optical microscope and high power field and the result was recorded in patient’s file People with both positive culture and smear or with positive culture alone for...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 12:20

... lung cancer and coexisting TB in the same lobe as the cancer There were 51 such patients (48 males and three females), and their age ranged from 48 to 79 (mean, 64.5) years The presence and localization ... the detection of such lesions at CT MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1993 and May 1999, 335 patients with coexisting bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary TB were selected on the basis of ... adrenal gland, n=1; jejunum, n=1) Histological types were squamous cell carcinoma (n=32), adenocarcinoma (n=15), and small cell lung cancer (n=4) Forty-six patients (90.2 %) were smokers, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standards@api.org Shall: As used in a standard, "shall" denotes ... Bypasses, drains and vents 42 Injection points 42 Drain, vent and sealant lines 42 Drain, vent and sealant valves 43 Hand-wheels and wrenches ... Qualification and Certification in ASTM A320 3), Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for LowTemperature Service ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:40

... (between and am), 2) when leaving the kitchen after two hours (between 10 and 11 am (group A)), or four hours (between 12 am and pm (group B)), 3) six hours after entering the kitchen (between and ... between both the first and the second (2-1) and the first and the third (3-1) measurements For FEF25 (when 25% is exhaled), a similar difference was found between the first and the third measurement ... of 56 m3 (2.5 × × 5.6 m) by use of an electric hob for group A and a gas hob for group B The door and the window were kept closed, and the only ventilation was a kitchen ventilator which exhaled...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... limited time and resources and expose patients to avoidable irradiation and potential complications of iodinated contrast [15,18] Further research is required to better understand the challenges ... x-rays and ventilation perfusion scans were not considered; and more modern alternatives to the 16-slice CT scanner used in our study may have improved diagnostic accuracy Implication and future ... collected for presence or absence of PE and the type of PE, whether a d-dimer assay was performed and the d-dimer result if applicable Patients’ age and gender and other reported pathological intra...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... electrolyte and the available PbO2 However, cells made with 75 and 100% Pb3 O4 had between 10 and 24% PbSO4 remaining in the active formed material for the cells that were formed using both the low and ... acid and 32–40 L of water to 300 kg of oxide mix containing 0.1% of floc-fibre The paste was mixed until the correct paste properties were obtained with a density between 136 and 144 g/(2 in.3 ) and ... ratio of grey oxide and red lead was prepared and the plates were vibrationfilled containing 0.012% Syloid The average packing density of the tubular plates was 3.4 g cm−3 and the characteristics...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... messages to the ventilatory muscles and a corollary discharge to the sensory cortex (feedforward with respect to the instructions sent to the muscles) If the feed-forward and feedback messages not match, ... feed-forward and feedback messages not match, an error signal is generated and the intensity of dyspnea increases (Adapted from Gillette and Schwartzstein.) Motor Efferents Disorders of the ventilatory ... ventilatory muscles Sensory Afferents Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and medulla are activated by hypoxemia, acute hypercapnia, and acidemia Stimulation of these receptors, as well as others that...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... leads to hyperinflation, increased work of breathing, a sense of an increased effort to breathe, and a sense of an unsatisfying breath Assessing Dyspnea Quality of Sensation As with pain, dyspnea ... difficulty describing their breathing sensations Table 33-1 Association of Qualitative Descriptors and Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Shortness of Breath Descriptor Pathophysiology Chest tightness ... airflow obstruction) Cannot get unsatisfying breath a deep breath, Hyperinflation (asthma, COPD) and restricted tidal volume (pulmonary fibrosis, chest wall restriction) Heavy breathing, rapid...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... hyperventilation and air hunger, as well as a sense of chest tightness in the case of asthma High altitude, high progesterone states such as pregnancy, and drugs such as aspirin stimulate the controller and ... breathing and by stimulating pulmonary receptors if there is associated atelectasis Gas Exchanger Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and aspiration all interfere with gas exchange Pulmonary vascular and interstitial ... output and impaired ventilatory pump function Normal Cardiac Output Cardiovascular deconditioning is characterized by early development of anaerobic metabolism and stimulation of chemoreceptors and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... were not present at rest and for oxygen saturation A "picture" of the patient while symptomatic may be worth thousands of dollars in laboratory tests Following the history and physical examination, ... increased airway resistance or stiff lungs and chest wall When measuring the vital signs, an accurate assessment of the respiratory rate should be obtained and examination for a pulsus paradoxus ... hyperresonance a sign of emphysema); and auscultation (wheezes, rales, rhonchi, prolonged expiratory phase, diminished breath sounds, which are clues to disorders of the airways, and interstitial edema or...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... and rates of hospitalization Studies of anxiolytics and antidepressants have not demonstrated consistent benefit Experimental interventions—e.g., cold air on the face, chest wall vibration, and ... forces between the capillary and the interstitium Hydrostatic pressure is increased and fluid exits the capillary at an increased rate, resulting in interstitial and, in more severe cases, alveolar ... in the interstitium of the lung depends on the balance of hydrostatic and oncotic forces within the pulmonary capillaries and in the surrounding tissue Hydrostatic pressure favors movement of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Mechanisms, Measurement, and Management New York, Marcel Dekker, 2005 Schwartzstein RM The language of dyspnea, in Dyspnea: Mechanisms, Measurement, and Management, DA Mahler and DE O'Donnell (eds) ... assessment, and management: A consensus statement Am Rev Resp Crit Care Med 159:321, 1999 Gillette MA, Schwartzstein RM: Mechanisms of dyspnea, in Supportive Care in Respiratory Disease, SH Ahmedzai and ... uniformly throughout the lungs, and pleural effusions are uncommon Finally, the hypoxemia of cardiogenic pulmonary edema is due largely to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and responds to the administration...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Dysfunction of cellular components of the arterial wall and of inflammatory and haemostatic systems are interrelated predicted survivals of 69% and 57%, respectively Although abnormal liver function ... contrast, the prostanoids improve function and survival in PAH, and may also be antiproliferative In the healthy endothelium, prostacyclin exerts vasodilatory and antithrombotic properties Epoprostenol, ... proliferation, reduced collagen deposition and inhibition of NF-ΚB activation [5,12,13] Since there are commonalities in the pathophysiology of PAH and RP, particularly in the context of connective...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... of clinical care of the patient and the collection of data and the review of the manuscript RW performed immunohistochemical analysis YY drafted the manuscript and reviewed the literature, as ... relapsed disease after autologous stem cell transplantation The presence of circulating plasma cells and hyperammonemia are both known to be indicators of advanced disease Plasma cell neoplasm should ... editors to be a proxy for the patient's informed consent for the publication of the manuscript and accompanying images, in light of the fact that the patient had expired A copy of the written...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... saline, the rats were sedated and anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) The right femoral artery was catheterized and mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded ... determined by interpolation from the standard curve The sensitivities for TNF-α, IL-1β and MIP-2 were

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... distance was 522 m Arterial blood gas analysis before and after six-minute walking test showed normal paO2 (74 and 75 mmHg) and paCO2 (35 and 32 mmHg) After exclusion of other causes of pulmonary ... right atrium and increased right heart pressure Doppler echocardiogram showed right heart enlargement with a PAPsystolic of about 75 mmHg and normal dimensions of the left ventricle and atrium ... HVPG PPHTN has an estimated prevalence in liver transplant candidates of 3–6%, and in patients with refractory ascites as high as 16% and is the third most frequent type of pulmonary arterial hypertension...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... emergency department of our hospital, and was found to have Candida parapsilosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis A 2D echocardiogram was done there and showed vegetation of the prosthetic ... obtained the consent, and gathered the patient’s data FA reviewed the article, provided some data and contributed to the discussion MZ supervised and edited the case report and provided some of ... department and later grew P aeruginosa susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin Serology was positive for Hepatitis C infection and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:21

... (international normalized ratio 1.48 and γglutamyl-transpeptidase 1050 U/liter), anemia and thrombocytopenia were attributed to excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease All three ... to the coagulase-negative staphylococci and is rarely found on human skin [4] It is a common animal pathogen and is usually acquired from cattle, sheep and other domestic animals [4-6] Anecdotal ... Laboratory Standards: Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically Approved standard M7-A6 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... TW, YJC, GMH, JA and XRH carried out the RT-PCR, Western blot, and enzymatic activity assays XHZ and FQW participated in the conception, design and coordination of the studies and critically reviewed ... hypertensive rats J Clin Invest 2001, 107:703-15 Borland JA, Kelsall C, Yacoub MH, Chester AH: Expression, localisation and function of ACE and chymase in normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries ... minced and heated in 0.1 M HCl at 100°C for 10 min, then homogenized After centrifugation at 15,000 g for 30 min, the supernatant was lyophilized and redissolved in 400 μl assay buffer, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:21