light emitting diodes and batteries based on conducting polymers

... and fabrication of polarized InGaN light- emitting diodes and THz polarizer based on subwavelength metallic nanogratings InGaN light emitting diodes are poised to replace conventional light sources ... diode consisting of an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor forming a junction Due to the difference in electron and hole concentration on the two sides of the junction, the diffusion ... polarization, since the direction of vibration is same as the direction of propagation By convention, the polarization of light is described as the orientation of the wave's electric field When light...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... withstand and to operate in radiation hard conditions In this paper, we have investigated the effect of MeV He+ ion irradiation on the optical properties of ZnO nanorod -based LEDs There are only ... nanostructure form have made it one of the most attractive and versatile semiconductor [1–2] It has both semiconducting and piezoelectric properties and in addition it is biocompatible and bio-safe ZnO possesses ... good observation for space and nuclear applications The 2-MeV ions only have a minor effect on optical properties of the LED devise after irradiation with moderate fluences Conclusion In summary,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... withstand and to operate in radiation hard conditions In this paper, we have investigated the effect of MeV He+ ion irradiation on the optical properties of ZnO nanorod -based LEDs There are only ... nanostructure form have made it one of the most attractive and versatile semiconductor [1–2] It has both semiconducting and piezoelectric properties and in addition it is biocompatible and bio-safe ZnO possesses ... good observation for space and nuclear applications The 2-MeV ions only have a minor effect on optical properties of the LED devise after irradiation with moderate fluences Conclusion In summary,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... emissive region Conclusions In conclusion, the present study reports on the high efficiency blue PHOLEDs based on a carrier and triplet exciton confinement inside recombination zones by using ... to confine excitons inside each EML and to manage triplet excitons by controlling the charge injection A stacked recombination zone structure, which can prevent triplet quenching processes and ... A, B, and D due to the appropriate broad recombination zone by controlling the optimization of various EML thicknesses In addition, the CCLs (mCP/TPBi) partially confine holes and electrons at...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... OFP2 at mg/mL concentration (c) OFP3 at mg/mL concentration, (d) RFP at 0.1 mg/mL concentration, (e) FFP1 at 0.01 mg/mL concentration and (f) FFP2 at 0.01 mg/mL concentration in H2O at room temperature ... Alq3, TPD and PPV 1.1 Mechanism and structure of organic light- emitting diodes (OLEDs) Electroluminescence is obtained from light- emitting diodes (LEDs) when incorporating the light- emitting layer ... device configuration was adopted (Figure 1.2).7 Hole injection/transport layer (HTL) and electron injection/transport layer (ETL) were inserted to balance the charge injection and transport and control...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:54

... stability, and thin film morphology [27] 2.3.2 Conducive Conjugated Polymers Figure 2.11: Overview of some applications of conductive conjugated polymers [38] Conjugated polymers in the undoped and ... 6.4.1 Representation and Mapping of Dried Droplet Profiles 182 6.4.2 Evaluation of Generated RBFN Models 188 6.5 Conclusion 195 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 196 7.1 Conclusions 196 7.2 Future ... protection for packages and housings of electronic components, and 22 Chapter Literature Review excellent corrosion protection for metals They are also applied in electronic devices and interconnection...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... achieved a conductivity of 3.3 S/cm In conclusion, graft copolymers of polythiophene and two commodity polymers, polystyrene and PMMA were formed Through trial and error the most conducting systems ... processibility as well as conductivity and has the potential to be used as anti static material etc 184 Comparison between the two series of copolymers based on PS and PMMA The two main monomers used to ... copolymer was found to not only depend on the conductive polymer backbone but also on the commodity polymer backbone structure as well This information could be useful when altering and improving the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... of the carbonyl group Since the carbonyl carbon has no H attached to it, the H atoms on the double bonded carbons self coupled One can expect the H that is cis to the carbonyl double bond to have ... on the IR spectra of copolymers 9, 10 and 11 The spectra of copolymers 7, 10 and 11 shared a common medium peak at around 825 cm-1, which was found as a weak peak on copolymer On the other hand, ... for copolymers 7, 9, 10 and 11 below They have similar thermal stability, although copolymers and seem to be slightly more stable under thermal oxidative conditions than copolymers 10 and 11...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... properties of conducting polymers is attracting much attention lately The advantage of this method over the physical blending of conducting polymers and commodity polymers is that long-term stability ... positions o and p on the phenyl rings, as well as protons at positions on the thiophene rings of the polymer ii) The multiplets between 6.5 to 6.6 ppm account for the protons at position m on the ... backbone to take on the ‘head to tail’ configuration All these factors contribute to a more soluble, more conducting and possibly less cross-linked co-polymer S S S S Fig 3.21 S S S S Illustration...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... with our polymers, different polymerisation conditions appear to have only a slight influence on electrical conductivity 49 3.6 UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy Standard polymer solutions of ... spectrum of all monomers is shown in Figure 2.1 Bands at around 3110 cm-1 and 3050 cm-1 were results of C-H stretching for H (Hs at positions and on the thiophene ring) and H (H on position of the thiophene ... calculated carbon and hydrogen values, although the bromine content was found to be lower A possible rationale for this may be functional group degradation or substitution during polymerisation on account...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:11

... of Contents Summary List of schemes List of figures List of tables Chapter Introduction Overview of common conducting polymers 2 Brief introduction on the conducting mechanism Heterocyclic conducting ... 138 Result and Discussion 3.1 Monomer synthesis and characterisation 140 3.2 Copolymer characterisation 147 Conclusion 173 Experimental 174 References 179 Chapter Conclusion and suggestions for ... discussion on the conducting mechanisms of polyacetylene, we can conclude that there are three important factors for a conducting polymer to achieve high conductivity: doping, backbone conjugation and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:13

... Standard Deviation 102 5.2.1.2.2 Results for Drop Velocity Standard Deviation 107 5.2.1.2.3 Results for Drop Directionality Standard Deviation 109 5.2.1.3 Prediction and Confirmation ... PLED The light- emitting layer of this LED uses nonconductive polymers doped with light- emitting conductive small molecules The polymer is used for its production and mechanical advantages and the ... Comparison of Drop Volume Standard Deviations 118 Fig 5.19: Comparison of Drop Velocity Standard Deviations 119 Fig 5.20: Comparison of Drop Directionality Standard Deviations ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:04

... poorly controlled, and the emission processes were not well understood For example, the first reports on light emitting diodes (LEDs) [Round] were based on light emission from particles of silicon ... GROWTH AND FABRICATION OF GAP GREEN LEDS page 15 CONSIDERATIONS FOR LPE G ROWTH OF GAP CHAPTER CONSIDERATIONS FOR LPE GROWTH OF GaP In this chapter, the published results on the considerations and ... valence electrons as phosphorus, it does not contribute to electronic conduction However it introduces a shallow level below the conduction band, which can localize an electron, and in turn attracts...

Ngày tải lên: 10/11/2015, 11:00

... degradations of I –V and EL at high temperature implied the degradation of p-type conduction The reasons for degradation of p-type conductivity in the hightemperature region could be considered ... ammonia concentration, for films prepared on sapphire (0 0 1) substrates, showed that N-doped p-type ZnO films with c-axis orientation were achieved at ammonia concentrations of 25%, 50% and ... in band-edge emission and a strong suppression in deep-level emission as shown in figure 22 R399 Topical Review (a) Figure 23 The I –V characteristics for Ti/Au contacts on ZnO layers before and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2016, 10:56

... Heterojunction lightemitting diodes (LEDs) are designed so that the offsets between conduction and valence band edges are of type II (see Section 2.1.4.1) and electrons and holes accumulate on opposite ... photon emission where me* and mh* are the electron and hole effective masses,  h is Planck’s constant divided by 2p, k is the carrier wave number, and EV and EC are the valence and conduction band-edge ... Emission Spectra The physical mechanism by which semiconductor light- emitting diodes (LEDs) emit light is spontaneous recombination of electron–hole pairs and simultaneous emission of photons The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2016, 11:07

... abortion statistics are used to derive abortion rates for Northern Ireland The trends in abortion and fertility in Northern Ireland are shown in Figures and Abortion rates in Ireland, where abortion ... (2005 for Republic of Ireland; 2004 for England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Sweden; 2003 for Czech Republic and Finland; 2001 for Denmark) Linear Regression Response variable: cumulated ... protection Breastfeeding gives additional protection Hormonal contraceptives are conducive to breast cancer Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is also conducive to breast cancer Modeling for England...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... apparent similarity between our model and the transition -based category is that they all need a classifier to perform classification conditioned on a certain configuration However, 16 Train 2-21 others ... heterogeneity Smith and Eisner (2009) perform dependency projection and annotation adaptation with Quasi-Synchronous Grammar features Jiang and Liu (2009) refer to alignment matrix and a dynamic programming ... Parser adaptation and projection with quasi-synchronous grammar features In Proceedings of EMNLP Wenbin Jiang, Liang Huang, and Qun Liu 2009 Automatic adaptation of annotation standards: Chinese...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... data and 299 test data We hand-labeled the test data with the correct disambiguation 'answers.' We performed clustering on the nouns on the left position and the nouns on the right position in ... probability of a noun n and a verb v as the product of the joint probability of the noun and verb classes that n and v belong to, and the conditional probabilities of n and v given their classes, ... pairs, and makes use of an efficient estimation algorithm based on the MDL principle Our clustering method improves upon the previous methods proposed by Brown et al and (Li and Abe, 1996), and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... of All-optical NAND and AND Gates based on 3x3 GI-MMI couplers Theory: The conventional MMI coupler has a structure consisting of a homogeneous planar multimode waveguide region connected to a ... Physics 26 (2010) 107-113 light to be confined within submicron dimensions and single mode waveguides can have core crosssections with dimensions of only few hundred nanometres and bend radii of a ... the realization of NAND and AND gates based on 3x3 general interference multimode interference couplers is possible The designs for these devices have been implemented on the silicon on insulator...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... classification and navigation W ~ W I H Classification and Navigation X~; Conventional keyword -based retrieval does not consider logical relationships between keywords For example, the condition, "NEC ... classification 96.10 NEC adjusts semiconductor production downward I 96.12 NEC postpones semiconductor production plant construction 97.1 97.4 NEC invests ¥ 40 billion for next generation semiconductor ... Multi-dimensional classification example (2) trieval and multi-dimensional classification because they only add unnecessary information and not remove necessary information The precision independent...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20