licensing and tree adjoining grammar

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... Pennsylvania. [Kroch and Joshi 1:986] Kroch, Anthony and Joshi, At- avind K., 1986. Analyzing extraposition in a Tree Adjoining Grammar. In tIuck, G. and Ojeda, A. (editors), Syntax and Semantics: ... Contezt-Sensitive Grammar Formalisms. PhD thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. - 26 - Long-Distance Scrambling and Tree Adjoining Grammars* Tilman ... motivated grammars, namely those that exploit the extended domain of lo- cality and whose trees obey tile constraint of contain- ing a lexical item and all of its syntactic dependents (and nothing...

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... context-free grammars. Computational Linguis- tics, 17(3):315-323. A. K. Joshi and Y. Schabes. 1992. Tree- adjoining gram- mars and lexicalized grammars. In M. Nivat and A. Podelski, editors, Tree ... trees and .A is a set of auxiliary trees. Trees in :TU.A are also called elementary trees. We refer to the root of an elementary tree t as Rt. Each auxiliary tree has exactly one distin- guished ... (~(t = t'). Also, if a ~ e and dft(N), combining (14) and (30) gives (again, using previous assump- 958 Prefix Probabilities from Stochastic Tree Adjoining Grammars* Mark-Jan Nederhof DFKI...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... approach to other lexicalized grammars. In Section 8 we conclude with some directions for future work. 2 Lexicalized Tree- Adjoining Grammar Lexicalized Tree- Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) (Sch- abes ... (l~niladdp~Ja] (2.2) ~ Pbl~ael: (b) (c) Figure 2: (as and/ ~s) Elementary trees, (a) Derived Tree, (b) Derivation Tree, and (c) Dependency tree for the sentence: show me the flights from Boston ... specify syntactic and semantic (predicate-argument) constraints. Elementary trees are of two kinds - (a) INITIAL TREES and (b) AUX- ILIARY TREES. Nodes on the frontier of initial trees are marked...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 22:20

... of trees, called initial trees and auxiliary trees respectively. The trees in the set IuA are called elementary trees. We assume that the reader is familiar with the definitions of adjoining ... Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (Schabes et al., 1988) are a refinement of TAGs such that each elementary tree is associated with a lexieal item, called the anchor of the tree. Therefore, ... Computational and Theoretical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. Kroch, Anthony S. and Joshi, Aravind K., 1985. Linguistic Relevance of Tree Adjoining Grammars. Technical...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... auxiliary tree is called the spine of the auxiliary tree. An elementary tree is either an initial tree or an auxiliary tree. We use a to refer to initial trees and/ 3 for auxiliary trees. A ... finite set of initial trees, A is a finite set of auxiliary trees. An initial tree is a tree with root labeled by S and internal nodes and leaf nodes labeled by nonterminal and terminal symbols, ... rules of the grammar. A derivation tree of the grammar, on the other hand, is a tree that encodes the sequence of rewritings used in deriving a derived tree. In the case of cfg, a tree that is...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... Joshi and Yves Schabes. 1992. Tree- adjoining grammars and lexicalized grammars. In Maurice Nivat and Andreas Podelski, editors, Tree Au- tomata and Languages. North-Holland. Aravind K. Joshi and ... lexicalize tree adjoining grammars and themselves. 1 Introduction Tree adjoining grammars [TAG] (Joshi et al., 1969; Joshi et al., 1975) are a mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism that can handle ... grammars. In Proc. 8th Int. Workshop Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Formalisms, pages 121–126. ACL. Marco Kuhlmann and Giorgio Satta. 2012. Tree- adjoining grammars are not closed under strong...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Rambow, Wier and Vijay-Shanker them- selves introduce D -Tree Grammar (Rambow et al., 1995) and Candito and Kahane introduce the DTG variant Graph Adjunction Grammar (Candito and Kahane, 1998b) ... ~, and 7 are elementary trees with node'O, ¢ and ¢ are predicates, X and w be predicate vari- ables, and T and _1_ are delimiters tbr opening and closing adjunction, but now let i, j, and ... capability of synchronous tree adjoin- ing grammars. Computational Intelligence, 10(4). K. Vijay-Shanker and D.J. Weir. 1993. The use of shared forests in tree adjoining grammar parsing. In Proceedings...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... tree at a distinguished leaf called the FOOT node. Elementary trees without foot nodes are called INITIAL trees and can only substitute; trees with foot nodes are called AUXILIARY trees, and ... substitution and adjoining operations to produce derived trees recognized by the grammar. In substitu- tion, the root of the first tree is identified with a leaf of the second tree, called ... al., 1975) is a grammar formalism built around two operations that combine pairs of trees, SUB- STITUTION and ADJOINING. A TAG grammar consists of a finite set of ELEMENTARY trees, which can...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... assumptions on all tree- adjoining grammars (and synchronous tree- adjoining grammars). A tree- adjoining grammar (TAG) is a finite set of initial trees and a finite set of auxiliary trees. Our 1070 Jonathan ... detail. A tree- adjoining grammar essentially is a regular tree grammar (G ´ ecseg and Steinby, 1984; G ´ ecseg and NP DT les N bonbons N N  ADJ rouges NP DT les N N bonbons ADJ rouges derived tree auxiliary tree adjunction Figure ... regular tree language and two embedded tree transducers (instead of two tree homomorphisms). Such embedded tree transduc- ers (Shieber, 2006) are particular macro tree trans- ducers (Courcelle and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... relative clauses: Syntax and compositional semantics based on syn- chronous tree adjoining grammar. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Formalisms ... Chung-Hye. 2006b. A tree adjoining grammar analysis of the syntax and semantics of it-clefts. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Tree Adjoining Grammars and Related Formalisms ... Australia. Joshi, Aravind K. and Yves Schabes. 1997. Tree- adjoining grammars. In G. Rozenberg and A. Sa- lomaa, editors, Handbook of Formal Languages. Springer, pages 69–124. Nesson, Rebecca and Stuart M....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... preferences with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars : exploiting the derivation tree Alexandra KINYON TALANA Universite Paris 7, case 7003, 2pl Jussieu 75005 Paris France Alexandra.Kinyon@linguist.jussieu.fr ... such a tree is an auxiliary tree. Trees that are not auxiliary are initial. Elementary trees combine with 2 operations : substitution and adjunetion. Substitution is compulsory and is used ... parsing LTAGs yields a derivation tree, from 2 Traditionally initial trees are called o~, and auxiliary trees 13 585 which a derived tree (i.e. constituent tree) can be obtained. (Figure 1)...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... structure: TREENODE : <> == under <type> == internal. STREE: <> == TREENODE <cat> == s. VPTREE: <> == TREENODE <cat> ==vp <parent> == STREE:<> ... rent, an s as its grandparent and an NP to the left of its parent. It also has an NP to its right, and a tree rooted in a P to the right of that, with a PP parent and NP right sister. ... from TREENODE and VERB+NP just overrides this com- plement specification to add an NP complement. Se- cond, we describe trees using only local tree relations (between adjacent nodes in the tree) ,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... HG's, and MHG's. 1.1.1 Tree Adjoining Grammars Tree Adjoining Grammars differs from string rewriting sys- tems such as Context Free Grammars in that they generate trees. These trees ... excised subtree replaces the foot of 8- Thus the tree obtained after adjoining j3 is as shown below. 5 /3:x s v • I The Relationship Between Tree Adjoining Grammars And Head Grammarst ... [3] Joshi, A. K., Vijay-Shanker, K., and Weir, D.J. Tree Adjoining Grammars and Head Grammars. Techni- cal Report MS-CIS-86-1, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of...

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