lewis acids and bases

... the Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases and Their Conjugates in the Reaction H2SO4 + H2O ⇔ HSO4– + H3O+ When the H2SO4 becomes HSO4−, it lost an H+ − so H2SO4 must be the acid and HSO4− its conjugate ... and H3O+ its conjugate acid H2SO4 + acid H2O base Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach ⇔ HSO4– conjugate base + H3O+ conjugate acid 26 Ex 15.1b – Identify the Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases and ... Moderate Weak Structure of Acids • oxy acids have acid hydrogens attached to an oxygen atom H2SO4, HNO3 Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Structure of Acids • carboxylic acids have COOH group...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2013, 01:12

... acids are electron pair acceptors and bases are electron pair donors acids are electron pair donors and bases are electron pair acceptors Q: A chemical ... monoprotic diprotic triprotic polyprotic Q: Vinegar, fruit juice, and cola are examples of: strong acids weak acids strong bases weak bases ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 03:00

... of Acids and Bases What are Acids and Bases? 13 Determining Acids and Bases 26 Acids and Bases in ­Chemistry 41 Acids and Bases in ­Industry 55 Acids and Bases in the Human ­Body 74 Acids and ... owry theory of acids and bases What are Acids and Bases?   21 Lewis Acids and Bases In 1923, the same year that Brønsted and Lowry came up with their idea of what acids and bases were, an American ... ­way Bases ­taste ­bitter, ­ feel ­slippery, and ­react ­with acids ­Without bases, ­cakes ­would ­be ­ hard and ­flat, and ­laundry ­detergent ­would ­not ­clean ­Both acids ­ and ­ bases...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 04:21

... radioactive oligosaccharides formed in BxPC3 cells (j in lower part, and A, B, and C of upper part) and T5AS clone (h in lower part, and A, B, and C of upper part) metabolically radiolabelled with [3H]Gal ... containing 0.5% SDS and 1.0% 2-mercaptoethanol, and spinning at 12 000 r.p.m for 10 The clean supernatants were made 1% for Nonidet P40 and 50 mM for sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5, and treated with ... BxPC3 cells and T5AS clone, reverse transcribed, and the first-strand cDNA obtained was diluted : 20, v/v, with water PCR amplifications were performed using 0.5-lL aliquots of the dilutions and primers...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... racemic at carbon 3, and the synthetic (3-R,S)-methylhexadecanoic and (3-R,S)-methylheptadecanoic acids, have been used It has been shown that the synthetic 3-methyl-branched fatty acids are metabolized ... van de Vlaamse GemeenschapÕ (GOA 94/98–12 and GOA 99/03–09) and from the ÔFonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-VlaanderenÕ (G-0239.98, G.0164.96 N and G.0115.02) V.F was supported by a fellowship ... phytanic acid and 3-methyl-adipic acids in patients with Adult Refsum’s disease In Peroxisomal Disorders and Regulation of Genes, 25–28 September 2002, Belgian Society for Cell and Developmental...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... ()61TTATTT)56 and )37TTATTT)32), GLU2 [)506TTATTT)501 and )90TTATTT)85 ()strand)], GLT ()311TATAAAT)305), carA ()277TATATAA)271 and )188TTATTT)183), and carB [)361TTATTT)356 and )143TTATTT)138 ()strand)] ... The high levels of glutamine and glutamate (nitrogen-rich ve-carbon amino acids) and asparagine and aspartate (four-carbon amino acids) (up to 80% of the total amino acids) (Fig 3) 4068 te te cc ... )220 )217, and )129 )216), GLU2 ()223 )220, )218 )215, and )139 )216), GLT ()310 )307, )28 )25, and )24 )21), carA ()237 )234, )151 )148, and )115 )112), and carB ()405 )402 and )79 ...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... ‘Non-protein amino acids , alias ‘non-proteinogenic amino acids or ‘non-coded amino acids 1.9 Coded amino acids, non-natural amino acids and peptides in nutrition and food science and in human physiology ... Introduction 1.1 Sources and roles of amino acids and peptides More than 700 amino acids have been discovered in Nature and most of them are ␣-amino acids Bacteria, fungi and algae and other plants provide ... geological and extra-terrestrial distribution of amino acids 1.11 Amino acids in archaeology and in forensic science 1.12 Roles for amino acids in chemistry and in the life sciences 1.12.1 Amino acids...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 16:05

... Contents Bases 3.1 Bessel sequences in Hilbert spaces 3.2 General bases and orthonormal bases 3.3 Riesz bases 3.4 The Gram matrix 3.5 Fourier series and ... 83 86 Bases and their Limitations 4.1 Bases in L2 (0, 1) and in general Hilbert spaces 4.2 Gabor bases and the Balian–Low Theorem 4.3 Bases and wavelets 89 89 ... Wavelet bases 3.7 Bases in Banach spaces 3.8 Sampling and analog–digital conversion 3.9 Exercises 51 52 55 59 64 69 72 78 83 86 Bases and...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20

... Extraction and analysis of phenolic acids Phenolic acid contents Phenolic acids were extracted as described by Cvikrová et al (1991) Briefly, free, ester-bound (released after alkaline hydrolysis) and ... a further significant rise in SG and CWE was determined The HPLC analyses indicated the presence of two cinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric and ferulic acids and of five benzoic acid derivatives ... (anisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and syringic acids) in the Norway spruce cells, and there were no qualitative differences in the phenolic acid com- Extraction and analysis of stilbenes For the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... Eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid: collaboration and not antagonism is the key to biological understanding Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002, 66(1):83-90 Simopoulos A, Cleland L: Omega-6/Omega-3 ... intake of omega-3 fatty acids partly replaces omega-6 fatty acids incorporation into membrane phospholipids and omega-3 fatty acids have a higher affinity than omega-6 fatty acids for several enzymes ... e Sum of arachidonic and linoleic acids f Adjusted for age, total energy intake and dietary intake of vitamin B12, alcohol and dietary intake of other than omega-6 fatty acids g Sum of eicosapentaenoic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... The peak and average power in the matches was similar in the trials After the supplementation, CHO and CHO+AA trial showed significantly higher glucose and insulin, and lower glycerol and non-esterified ... rest between match and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match and Each match contained exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each ... effect of branched-chain amino acids and arginine on glucose disposal and performance was also investigated Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in trials in a random order Each trial contained...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... various carboxylic acids and of short chain fatty acids [5] Organic acids have been used for a number of years with varying success for ameliorating enteric infections [9] and the withdrawal ... of the combination of acids and tannin added into basal diet compared with diet with organic acids and basal diet (i.e diet without growth promoters) on growth performance and selected biochemical, ... Sevnica; Sevnica, Slovenia) and overall 0.15% of acids (lactic acid, citric acid, orthophosphoric acid and L and R malic acid) The pigs were observed throughout the feeding trial and health status was...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... difficulties and bearing load concentrations For this reason, machine bases or soleplates are aligned and leveled by shimming or other means, and the resulting space between the machine base and the ... Elastic and inelastic properties—The modulus of elasticity for epoxy grouts varies because of differences in the quantity and type of aggregates and fillers, and the differing properties of resins and ... strength, and working time The temperature and consistency of the grout used for testing should be known and should be the basis for setting field requirements for as-mixed and in-place temperature and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 21:59

... used bridging ligands.43 The pincer [NCN] Pt(II) complexes bridged by dppm (1.20a and 1.21a), deprotonated pyrazole (1.20b and 1.21b) and deprotonated imidazole ligands (1.20c and 1.21c) were ... namely the homo- and heterometallic complexes bridged by the phosphido ligands The chemical properties of a phosphido ligand and its complexes are different from the ligands and their corresponding ... supported by these ligands 1.3 Homo- and Heterometallic Complexes Bridged by the Phosphido Ligands Phosphido ligand [(PR2) -] is an important supporting ligand in homo-52 and heterometallic53...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... [2.129(4) Å] and [Pd(OH2)(PCP-tBu2)][BPh4] [2.056(6) Å], reflecting the intermediate trans influence of chloro-ligand compared to the methyl and aqua ligands 37 Chapter Two: Synthesis and Ligand Displacement ... 2.17a (-76.0 ppm and -76.1 ppm) and 2.18 on the other hand showed two peaks (-77.3 ppm and -77.4 ppm), which can be explained by the 10 B/11B 68 Chapter Two: Synthesis and Ligand Displacement ... of triflato-, nitrato- and aqua ligands in complexes 2.16a, 2.16b and 2.17a that lie between that of the chloro ligand in complex 2.1 70 Chapter Two: Synthesis and Ligand Displacement Reactions...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... metalloligand [Pd(4Spy)(PCP)] 3.4 was prepared by a standard ligand replacement reaction135 of complex 2.1 with 4-pyridinethiolate ligand The thiolato ligand was generated insitu from 4-pyridinethiol and ... of the bridging dppf ligand and a long Pd-C bond) The steric crowding between the dppf ligand and the pincer moiety are indicated by the upfield shift of the Cp protons and the highly distorted ... complexes in both solution and solid states will be discussed 3.2 Results and Discussion 3.2.1 Synthesis and Characterisation of the Ligand-bridged Complexes of Dppf and 4,4’-Bipyridine The triflato...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... donor ligand is different from other neutral ligands such as the bipyridine, bisphosphine and the metalloligands as described in Chapter Two and Chapter Three The background of the homoand heterometallic ... involving the Ag and Mn atoms.145d X-ray structural analyses of clusters 4.4a and 4.4b revealed a metal triangle with the phosphido ligand bridging the Mn-Mn bond and a phosphine ligand bridging ... gave a mixture of 4.3a and 4.3b at 1st major yellow band (0.0784g) Clusters 4.4a and 4.4b were obtained at the 2nd minor band (0.0080g) 31 P {1H} NMR spectrum of 1st band (in CDCl3) suggest 4.3b...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... Three and Chapter Four, the oxalato ligand can link two or more metal centres while acting as a bridging tetradentate ligand [Figure 1-9, (d) and (f)] The complexes obtained from this ligand often ... oxalato ligand The chemistry and the applications of oxalato complexes have been reviewed in Section 1.4 Different from the bridging bidendate bipyridine, disphosphine and the phosphido ligands described ... The proposed degradative pathways and products are summarised in Equations 5-3, 5-4 and 5-5 All byproducts [C4 H8, H2, CO2 , CO and (n-C4H9)3N] are volatile and thus they are easily removed from...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... and phosphido ligands as well as the heterometallic oxalato-bridged complexes The objective of this work was to develop convenient synthetic methodologies, understand the formation pathways and ... by the phosphido and bisphosphine ligands The oxalato complexes reported in Chapter Five are polymeric networks containing the paramagnetic metal centres [Mn(II) and Cr(III)] and the main group ... obtained via ligand displacement reactions The Ag/Mn heterometallic clusters 4.3a and 4.3b were obtained from condensation reactions between 4.1144 and the Ag(I) diphosphine complexes 4.2a and 4.2b.147,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01