length of a character vector in r

... GTTGGGTGGG CTGATGATGT CGAAAGGACT ACAAGAGAAG CAATGGGAGC AATGG TTA GGGAAAAAGT GCAACTCA 443 aMPV/C/US/Co ACCAATACCA CAAAATCAAA GACCATCATC CCCGGATGCT CCTATCATAC TACTCTGCAT AGGAGCATTA ATCTTCACGA AGCTGGCATC ... TCACATGCAG CTGAAGTAGG AATGCAGTAC GTGAGCACCA CACTGGGAGC AGAGCGTACA CAGCAGATAC TAAAGAACTC 270 aMPV /A/ UK/3b CACCGACTAT GAGCCTGCAG CAGAGGTAGG CATGCAGTAC ATTAGTACTG CTCTAGGAGC TGATAGAACT CAACAAATAC ... CTTTCGGCAG AGGGTTCTGT CAGAAAGCGA GAGGTGCT AAACATTCAC 358 aMPV/C/US/Co CATACATGGG GTTGAAAGAA GT TGG-AT TGAAGAAGTT GACAAAGAGG CAAGGAAAAC CATGGCCTCA GCTACAAAGG ACAACTCAGG 444 aMPV /A/ UK/3b GATGTA-GGT...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... GTTGGGTGGG CTGATGATGT CGAAAGGACT ACAAGAGAAG CAATGGGAGC AATGG TTA GGGAAAAAGT GCAACTCA 443 aMPV/C/US/Co ACCAATACCA CAAAATCAAA GACCATCATC CCCGGATGCT CCTATCATAC TACTCTGCAT AGGAGCATTA ATCTTCACGA AGCTGGCATC ... TCACATGCAG CTGAAGTAGG AATGCAGTAC GTGAGCACCA CACTGGGAGC AGAGCGTACA CAGCAGATAC TAAAGAACTC 270 aMPV /A/ UK/3b CACCGACTAT GAGCCTGCAG CAGAGGTAGG CATGCAGTAC ATTAGTACTG CTCTAGGAGC TGATAGAACT CAACAAATAC ... CTTTCGGCAG AGGGTTCTGT CAGAAAGCGA GAGGTGCT AAACATTCAC 358 aMPV/C/US/Co CATACATGGG GTTGAAAGAA GT TGG-AT TGAAGAAGTT GACAAAGAGG CAAGGAAAAC CATGGCCTCA GCTACAAAGG ACAACTCAGG 444 aMPV /A/ UK/3b GATGTA-GGT...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... Hilton, R. J. Williams, Learning internal representations by error propagation, in: D.E. Rumelhart, J.L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, ... 1986 to 1992. His research interests concern mainly fuzzy control, inaccurate and uncertain data treatment and modeling by learning. 14 H. Maaref, C. Barret / Robotics and Autonomous Systems ... constraints often lead to a degradation of the accuracy and the richness of the information. Some constraints are added to the intrinsic draw- backs of these methods caused by: ã the imprecision...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:15

... Several sequence patterns have been associated with psychrophilic adaptations, such as decreased levels of Pro and Arg residues, weakening of intramolecular interactions, increased solvent interactions, ... exceed 10%. (B) Arrhenius plots of TAB5, mutants G26 1A, G26 1A/ Y26 9A and E.colialkaline phosphatases. Symbols are as in (A) . Reported values are the average of three measurements. The standard deviations do ... release of product, p- nitrophenolate, was monitored by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm using a PerkinElmer photometer. Reported values are the average of three measurements. The standard deviations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... Gly )10 substitutions affects the targeting pathway of the precursor. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Reagents and biochemicals Restriction enzymes were purchased from either Boehringer Mannheim or Pharmacia. MEGAshortscript ... to analyze SRP–RNC interactions. After quenching, peripherally bound and soluble proteins were separated from the inner membranes by carbonate extraction. Samples were either (A) directly or (B) ... CE1514 and CE1515 were obtained by P1 transduction using strain CE1224 as the recipient and strains IQ85 and strain MM152, respectively, as donor strains. To obtain strain CE1513, strain MM88 was...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

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Ngày tải lên: 12/03/2014, 00:21

... dress for m dollars, a muff for l dollars, a shawl for v dollars, and a pair of gloves for c dollars. What was the entire cost? 8. George is x years old, Martin is y, and Morgan is z years. What ... How many has each? 6. In a storehouse containing 57 barrels there are 3 less barrels of flour than of meal. How many of each? 7. A man whose herd of cows numbered 63 had 17 more Jerseys than Hol- steins. ... In the second there are twice as many as in the first, and in the third there are one-half as many as in the first. How many cows are there in each pasture? 4. What number is that which being increased...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... evaluated by the ion leakage ratio at 12 and 48 h after in ltration. Mean values ± standard error of three replicates are presented. The treatment by protein purification buf- fer was regarded as ... dis- turbing HR signalling. (A) In the predark and prelight groups, the ion leakage in the ParA1- and PR-treated zones was measured 48 h after in ltration. After in ltration, at least six plants at ... 400 lM ABA pretreatment; A + ParA1, ParA1 in ltration after ABA treatment. All the spectra were representative of at least three measurements under the indicated conditions. (C) The relative content...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... more important, more liked, and more successful than he really is. This ultimately leads to his demise. Death of a Character In Arthur Miller's play, Death of a Salesman the reader is introduced ... great value on success and can not see that society also has a way of placing it's values in front of people that are very hard or impossible to obtain. He is chasing an 'American Dream' ... the main character of Willy Loman. Willy is a middle-class salesman who, in the course of a single day, comes to realize that the American Dream, which he has pursued for 40 years, has failed...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 22:00

... acid. Determination of antimicrobial activity The antimicrobial activity of peptides against a range of micro-organisms was determined by broth microdilution assay. Briefly, a single colony of bacteria ... depolarization. In addition, all PCPs caused an immediate increase in fluorescence intensity, indicating rapid membrane depolarization, whereas the PFPs caused a gradual increase in the fluorescence. ... replacement of a Pro with an Ala maintained or decreased the antimicrobial activity but significantly increased the hemolytic activity. In addition, Oh et al. [38] reported that a cecropin A magainin II...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... tabacum UGT75C1 A. thaliana UGT75B1 A. thaliana UGT75D1 A. thaliana UGT84B1 A. thaliana UGT8 4A1 A. thaliana FaGT2 Fragariaxananassa UGT78D1 A. thaliana UGT8 6A1 A. thaliana UGT8 7A1 A. thaliana UGT8 3A1 ... during fruit ripening in strawberry (Fragaria · ananassa), a precursor of volatiles linked to strawberry aroma (accession number Q66PF4) [20]. A total of 121 putative UGT unigenes were initially ... detector, a 3100 mass detector and a 2767 sample man- ager [MasslynxÔ (Waters, Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) and FractionlynxÔ (Waters, Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) software]. A XBridge (Waters,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... DNA ligase and Pfx polymerase were from Invitrogen (Burlington, Ontario, Canada) or New England Biolabs (Pickering, Ontario, Canada). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were obtained ... Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds is important for maintaining the global carbon cycle and also for the bioremediation of man-made aromatic compounds, ... & Maniatis T (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, New York. 25 Seah SY, Terracina G, Bolin JT, Riebel P, Snieckus V &...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... and by practical and attitudinal barriers that have been associated with the implementation of HRQoL measurement in clinical practice. Practical barriers that have been reported include general ... implemented in clinical practice. This may be explained by the initial lack of convincing data regarding the effectiveness of standardized HRQoL measurement in actually improving HRQoL or psychosocial ... importance of HRQoL measurement ã Provide clear data output and clear instructions on how to interpret the data ã Make clear that the data should not be used as clear cut-off points for treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... heidi.frasure@UHhospitals.org; Mary Beth Kavanagh - mary.kavanagh@case.edu; Jeffrey W Janata - jeffrey.janata@UHhospitals.org; Edith Lerner - edith.lerner@case.edu; Kerry S Courneya - kerry.courneya@ualberta.ca * ... were also examined according to whether patients lost weight or their weight remained stable/ gained over the course of the year as an ancillary stratified analyses. We were interested in examining ... size, and lack of racial heterogeneity. There was a greater number of patients in the intervention group who had a prior history of bariatric surgery. These patients may have better self- efficacy...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20