lasers a model atom and zero point energy

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... my stay enjoyable To all my family members, especially my parents, that are always there and have always cared for me No words can express my gratitude to all of you At last, many thanks to all ... and �g2 �) The pump laser and the cavity drive a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage so that atom initially at �g1 � ends up at �g2 �, emitting a single photon in A comprehensive review ... 2.2.1 Excitation of a Single Atom There are several methods that can be used to excite an atom Since there is a closed cycling transition in 87 Rb atom, we can approximate the atom as an e↵ective...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 10:11

... two-partner branch-points of 4626 G Curien et al (Eur J Biochem 270) the aspartate-derived amino-acids pathway and aromatic amino-acids pathway in plant and in microorganisms are such that ux ... can be calculated as follows: ELISA assays were carried out using rabbit antibodies raised against the recombinant proteins [12,14] and puried proteins as standards We measured that an extract ... thank Marie-Christine Butikofer and Valerie Verne for the ELISA assays We thank Pr Roland Douce and Dr Michel Matringe and Mickaela Homan for critical reading of the manuscript Special ă thanks...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... ⊗ a 2t a a −− a −−− a −− a − = 2t a a −−− 2t < a < 2t+1 a εm ⊗ a u2t 2t < a − a a −− ua/2 εm ⊗ a εm ⊗ a ua/2 εm ⊗ a ua − εm ⊗ a 3ua − /2 εm ⊗ a εm ⊗ a u2t εm ⊗ a εm ⊗ a A.2 Proof of Lemma ... et al / Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 64 (2005) 135–154 manipulate and evaluate functions using floating -point arithmetic They are composed of a polynomial part, which can be seen as ... National Standards Institute and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE standard for binary floating -point arithmetic, ANSI/IEEE Standard, Std 754-1985, New York, 1985 [2] American...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:06

... 281–299 Case DA, Darden TA, Cheatham TE III, Simmerling CL, Wang J, Duke RE, Luo R, Merz KM, Wang B, Pearlman DA et al (2004) Amber8 University of California, San Francisco, CA Izaguirre JA, Catarello ... protein and RNA (within a given distance cut-off) was assigned a same score of )1 Atom type selection Atom score types were assigned using the method of Robertson and Varani [36] Briefly, the all -atom ... structural database and as terms are added to the model to account for protein and RNA intra-molecular interactions that are currently ignored Nevertheless, even in its current implementation,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... network than before, again including the occipital, temporal, and the frontal lobes, but in particular bilateral orbital frontal corlex What the results of Kawabata and Zeki (2004) and Skov ef al (2005) ... neural correlates of preference and beauty, two variables that have affective and cognitive components The areas activated by Vartanian and Goel (2004b) may have highlighted those cOrlical structures ... contrast, the studies by Kawabata and Zeki (2004) and Skov ef al (2005) attempted to isolate those cortical structures that are actIvated more when a stimulus is evaluated as beautiful Presumably,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... the mathematical model and performed experiments on language data of the morphologically complex language Zulu We compared the performance on increasing training set sizes and analysed for each ... 2006) They used a natural language tagger which was trained on the output of ParaMor and Morfessor The goal was to mimic each algorithm since ParaMor is rule-based and there is no access to Morfessor’s ... skewed and an optimal decision can be achieved at a different threshold The optimal threshold was sought on the validation set and evaluated on the test set An overview over the validation and test...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... decision-making and management practices; and moving students to greater self-awareness by encouraging personal reflection and values clarification—on individual, organizational, and societal levels Addressing ... 194-–197 Duane Windsor, A Required Foundation Course for Moral, Legal and Political Education,” and Laura Hartman and Edwin Hartman, “How to Teach Ethics: Assumptions and Arguments,” Journal of Business ... Peirce, Laura P Hartman, W Michael Hoffman, and Jamie Carrier, “Ethics, CSR, and Sustainability Education in the Financial Times Top 50 Global Business Schools: Baseline Data and Future Research...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... representational art, literature and film while modern dance, abstract art and classical music are rather low on this dimension Situation and context are presumably more important in opera and theatre and ... box As they have been investigated so far, both variables, prototypicality and familiarity, presumably are not exclusive to art Ramachandran and Hirstein (1999) discussed basic principles that artists ... cultural context that gives new meaning to artworks when fashions and attitudes change We have included personal taste as a variable that affects aesthetic experiences This seems to be warranted, as...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... surface targeted to the inner nuclear membrane J Cell Biol 180, 763–769 51 Isokane M, Hieda M, Hirakawa S, Shudou M, Nakashiro K, Hashimoto K, Hamakawa H & Higashiyama S (2008) Plasma-membrane-anchored ... (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) run in Mes buffer and RNF13 was visualized on a western blot with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-HA or anti-FLAG IgG, as indicated Prestained molecular mass markers ... protein, and methylation, acetylation and sumoylation PA domain cleavage The fate of the PA domain released from the membrane by proteolysis is unknown If cleavage occurs on 72 the endosomal membrane,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... QuickChange method (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) The primer sequences were as follows: 5¢-GG GGT GTT ATG GTT TCC CAT CGA TCT GAA GAA ACT GAA GAC (G376E) and 5¢-CCA TTC TTG AAC GTT TTA AAC GGT GAT ... Functional Genomics) for running many of the analytical ultracentrifugation samples, A Padovani for making the W56F variant and J A Kornblatt for encouragement and advice Financial support was provided ... 157 and 376 are space-filled 98 Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) was used to examine the quaternary structure of the variants Wild-type enolase and the G157D variant had the same sedimentation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... Structure of a- amylase with pullulan model ligand A Abe et al Fig Chemical structures of the repeat units of pullulan, P2 and P5 A solid arrow indicates the main hydrolysing site, and a dashed arrow ... A, Ohtaki A, Kaji A, Tonozuka T & Sakano Y (2002) Crystal structures of Thermoactino˚ myces vulgaris R-47 a- amylase (TVA I) at 1.6 A reso˚ resolution lution and a- amylase (TVA II) at 2.3 A J Mol ... 2005 The Authors Journal Compilation ª 2005 FEBS 6147 Structure of a- amylase with pullulan model ligand A Abe et al Fig Schematic diagram of the substrates bindings to the catalytic site and site-N...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... Nature 460, 909–913 89 Hong H, Takahashi K, Ichisaka T, Aoi T, Kanagawa O, Nakagawa M, Okita K & Yamanaka S (2009) Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53–p21 pathway ... from Leukemia and Lymphoma UK, Fanconi New advances in human hematopoiesis from human ESCs Hope UK and the Fanconi Anemia Research Fund USA, and funds for research in the field of regenerative medicine ... a CD34+ hESC-derived starting population has been considered as a potential AIDS therapy, and as a way to alleviate secondary effects produced by anti-retroviral drugs [16] Various studies have...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... the Anchored Learning method The idea behind Anchored Learning is to add a unique feature (an anchor) to each training sample (we add as many new features to the model as there are training samples) ... data (as the anchored data is guaranteed to be linearly separable, we can set a very high value to the C parameter, preventing any misclassification), and then investigating either the anchors ... , and a constant b The Support Vectors are a subset of the training vectors, and together with the weights and b they define a hyperplane that optimally separates the training samples The basic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... could model the probability P (w|tn ) One way is to assume a generative model whereby a word w and a surface pronunciation tn are related via an underlying canonical pronunciation sm of w and a stochastic ... Note that we can obtain the equivalent of the total edit distance cost by using Viterbi inference and adding a costi variable as a deterministic child of the random variable Zi : in each frame the ... that other important problems such as machine translation can benefit from a Graphical Models perspective Machine translation presents a fresh set of challenges because of the large combinatorial...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Table 1: Manual annotation for T/V on a 200-sentence sample Comparison among human annotators (A1 and A2 ) and to projected gold standard (GS) All cells show raw agreement and Cohen’s κ (in parentheses) ... Bentivogli and Pianta, 2005) The phenomenon of formal and informal address has been considered in the contexts of translation into (Hobbs and Kameyama, 1990; Kanayama, 2003) and generation in Japanese ... Ami Patel, and Rafael Alonso 2011 Extracting social power relationships from natural language In Proceedings of ACL/HLT, pages 773–782, Portland, OR Fabienne Braune and Alexander Fraser 2010 Improved...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... stochastic language modeling Computer Speech and Language, 8:1-38 Berger, A. , S Della Pietra, and V Della Pietra 1996 A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing Computational Linguistics, ... Using a standard backoff trigram model as a default distribution, we built a class of exponential language models which use nonstationary features based on trigger words to allow the model to adapt ... Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm Journal o] the Royal Statistical Society, 39(B):1-38 Gelman, A. , J Car]in, H Stern, and D RubEn 1995 Bayesian Data Analysis Chapman...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... generation and enablement consists largely in the fact that, when an act a generates an act ~, the agent need only a, and will automatically be done also However, when a enables the generation ... (P0), and clause (iv) of (P1) captures clauses (5) and (6) of (PO) (P1) can be used to state what it means for an actor to have an invalid simple plan: G has an invalid simple plan if and only ... establishing a communication channel to Kathy at t2 This belief can be explained by a belief Q has about the relation between the act-types ~calling a location" and ~establishing a communication...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... dissociation constants KLaH and KBuH In combination with the associated charge and mass balances, the following two algebraic expressions can be derived ½Hþ Š ¼ ÀBuMa þ AHa þ þ ½LaHŠ ¼ KLaH LaHtot ... medium and associated initial pH is not a variable in the case study presented in this paper, lmax and pmax can be reasonably assumed constant Among microbiologists it is widely accepted that metabolites ... accuracy of latter input values is also of major importance Therefore, an adequate calculation method for the actual values of [LaH] and pH at each time point during growth is necessary According...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 08:44