language evaluation in nlp

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... advertising campaigns in which slogans play a vital part. The investigation into those slogans will hopefully reveal interesting features in language used in slogans in general and airline slogans ... meaning.  Internal noises: They are thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning.  Semantic noises: They are those that alternate meanings arisen certain symbols that inhibit meaning. ... Thi Bich Thuy Page 5 CHAPTER 4 MAIN FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Main Findings 4.1.1 Phonological features Use of rhymes One of the best techniques for bringing in the brand name is to make the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:54

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... the impact and influence of information technology on society and education, computer-assisted language learning is becoming the trend in foreign language teaching. Interactive computer network ... technology. Foreign language training will not always take place in a traditional classroom. With the help of a setting such as a multimedia lab, foreign language training will be more efficient. ... The interview was conducted in Chinese at the end of the 1998 spring semester. The interview session lasted about twenty minutes in a question and answer manner and the contents of the interview...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... choice of topic and information learned are more important in their process of learning. Personalizing Language Learning in Large Classes Chao-ching Lin As an EFL college teacher in Taiwan, my ... if they were interested in environmental topics, they should continue to read more and find out more. If they were not interested in the topic, they should find other topics. In order for ... students to find what their interests are. If they are interested in sports, they are encouraged to read and talk in English about anything to do with sports. If they are interested in arts, let...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:57

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:12

... reading in English and Italian in bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 479–507. Doctor, E. A., & Klein, D. (1992). Phonological processing in bilingual word recognition. In R. ... read: Thinking and learning about print. The Reading Research and Education Center. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. August, D., & Hakuta, K. (1997). Improving schooling for language- minority children: ... reading problems in English were likely to display similar reading problems in Arabic, including dif- ficulties in pseudoword reading, measures of phonological processing, working memory, and oral...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 04:20

... mail campaigns or training sessions more e ective in increasing the use of bed nets in malarial areas? Impact Evaluation for Policy Decisions Impact evaluations are needed to inform policy makers ... not collect baseline data unless the evaluation was built in from the beginning, and once the program is in place, it is too late to do so. Retrospective evaluations using existing data are necessary ... on an outcome of interest? Impact Evaluation in Practice 14 Impact Evaluation in Practice By contrast, in retrospective evaluations, the evaluator often has such limited information that it...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... examples in supporting documentation; • training staff to prepare them for the assessment; • requiring supporting information such as justification for the assessment rating given and sources of information ... (while ensuring that bias is not introduced in this process). Principle 5: The methodology is practical to implement, giving a good balance between measuring, reporting and managing Evaluation ... 5.12 Further reading For further information, see the websites maintained by TNC which include a large volume of material explaining the methodology. www.conserveonline.org/workspaces/cbdgateway/cap/practices ...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 12:20

... corpora, i.e., in reducing useless bilingual term pairs and in increasing the estimated confi- dence of useful bilingual term pairs. More specifically, first, a reduced but cross- lingually more ... correspondences. 4.3.2 Rates of Containing Correct Bilingual Term Pairs Next, we evaluate the following rate of containing correct bilingual term correspondences: {TP(tE) correct bilingual term correspondence ... Tanaka, 2002). In those techniques, frequency information of contextual words co- occurring in the monolingual text is stored and their similarity is measured across languages. The following gives...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... for modeling agglutination in this language, but first we will present the for- mer class of languages and its acceptor automata. 3.1 Linear context free languages and two-taped nondeterministic ... of Amerindian languages, do not involve complexity criteria. In order to establish crite- ria that take into account the complexity of the description we present two contrasting examples in two ... markation active-inactive on the verbal prefixes (Messineo, 2003; Klein, 1978). There are in this language two sets or ver- bal prefixes that mark action: 1. Class I (In) :codifies inactive participants,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Large language mod- els in machine translation. In Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing and Computational Natu- ral Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), ... (2) 3.1 Training For the convenience of training, we invert the or- der in each sentence in the training data, i.e., from the original order (w 1 w m ) to the reverse order (w m w 1 ). In this ... Computational Linguistics Enhancing Language Models in Statistical Machine Translation with Backward N-grams and Mutual Information Triggers Deyi Xiong, Min Zhang, Haizhou Li Human Language Technology Institute...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... requires joint expertise in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. On the other hand, a statistical learning approach ... expertise in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. In the past decade many statistical learning approaches have ... model training, which is seldom available in practical applications outside of large research labs. A generative HMM/CFG composite model, which integrates easy-to- obtain domain knowledge into...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... ambiguity in finding the best matching string. The performance can further be improved if the acoustic matching information used in the recognition process is incorporated into the language decoding ... obtained by expanding all the non-terminals into the corresponding vocabulary words and each word in terms of phonetic units. Finally a matching between the string of phones describing the ... accomplished using a covering grammar with a smaller FSN representation and language decoding is accomplished by imposing the complete set of task constraints in a post- processing mode using multiple...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... embedded within a FORMULA in the Actor relation with respect to the head contain’] contain( , ) CONTAINMENT(container , containee ) [’the Containment relation involves a predicate contain and its ... employed in (tutorial) dialog systems. The prominent characteristics of the language in our corpus include: (i) tight interleaving of natural and symbolic language, (ii) varying degree of natural language ... [A gilt] CAUSE , alle x, die in A sind sind nicht in B [As A applies, all x that are in A are not in B] Wenn [A ] COND , dann A B= [If A , then A B= ] Da gilt, [alle x, die in A sind sind nicht in B] RES Wenn...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... dubious merit. In my view, substantive constraints aris- ing from psychology, biology or even physics may be freely in- voked, with a corresponding change in the meaning of "natural language ... Higginbotham, J. (1984) "English is not a Context-Free Lan- guage," Linguistic Inquiry 15: 119-126. ~Note that invoking finiteness here is technically different from hiding intractability ... with finiteness. Finiteness is the correct generalization here, because we are interested in whether GPSG generates nonnatural languages or not, and not in the computational cost of determining...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... signal”) with a masculine determiner, a feminine substan- tive and ending in a masculine adjective. Some translation errors are also present, for instance “computerizar” instead of “calcular” ... requires the interpreter to monitor, store and retrieve the input of the source language in a continuous manner in order to produce the oral rendition of this input in the target language. It ... ma- chine translation: Fast evaluation for mt research. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Athens, Greece. Rita Nübel. 1997. End-to-end Evaluation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 15:22