landscape models aquatic and terrestrial

... communities (Ellison and Bedford 1995) • Forest • LANDIS (landscape disturbance and succession), a forest landscape model along with the following four models (Mladenoff et al 1996; Mladenoff and He 1999) ... regions and forest types Recognizing that AQUATOX, CASM, and other aquatic ecosystem models can be applied to landscapes, we also recommend them for use in this mode The selection of landscape models ... most other landscape models, LANDIS simulates disturbance and succession dynamics During a single iteration, species birth, death, and growth routines are performed on age cohorts, and a random background...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... vegetation used in artificial floating islands releases anti-cyanobacterial allelochemicals and to identify such fascinating compounds MATERIALS AND METHODS Plants and cyanobacterium Commercially obtained ... medium (Watanabe and Satake, 1991) in a test tube, and after that M aeruginosa - 56 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 6, No.1, 2008 was inoculated (1 × 104 cells/ml), and incubated ... U.S National Institute of Standards and Technology, as the examples are shown in Fig The fragment patterns of peaks E and F respectively agreed with that of vanillic and protocatechuic acids-TMS...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... simplicity and transparency on the one hand, and realism on the other It is a mass balance model that describes the fate of metals in a generic setting comprising both terrestrial and aquatic compartments ... metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems / William J Adams and Peter M Chapman p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-4440-9 (alk ... metals in aquatic and terrestrial environments These processes include speciation, complexation, precipitation, and transformation/dissolution of metals in the soil, water column, and sediment...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:45

... international monitoring and reporting obligations regarding the 16 Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment 2004 Introduction aquatic and natural terrestrial environments Monitoring of terrestrial natural ... Environmental Research Institute NERI Technical Reports Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment 2004 Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment 2004 State and trends – technical summary of the 2004 monitoring ... waters and some species In most cases the data are also reported in regional reports Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment 2004 Summary Summary The National Monitoring Programme for the Aquatic and Terrestrial...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... metals and inorganic metal substances in aquatic and terrestrial systems / William J Adams and Peter M Chapman p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-4440-9 (alk ... Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity Models Paquin, Farley, Santore, Kavvadas, Mooney, Winfield, Wu, Di Toro 2003 Silver: Environmental Transport, Fate, Effects, and Models: Papers from Environmental Toxicology and ... Comprehensive Database for Aquatic Organisms Exposed to Inorganic and Organic Chemicals Jarvinen and Ankley, editors 1999 Multiple Stressors in Ecological Risk and Impact Assessment Foran and Ferenc, editors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... suspended particulate matter, and sediment) (μg/g), and kew and kef = efflux rates from waterborne and diet-borne metal, respectively (l/d) Water and food concentrations, CW and CF, can be site-specific ... metals and aquatic organisms: a critique of the free-ion activity model In: Tessier A, Turner A, editors Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, ... exposure and accumulation, particularly if dietary and waterborne uptakes can be accounted for separately Metal uptake in these biodynamic models is described by uptake rate constants (ku) and excretion...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... were observed, and how well test results were reported Uncensored and nonscreened toxicity data from the literature should not be used (Batley et al 1999) Standardized (national and international) ... Cu and Zn often compete for the same biotic ligands in aquatic organisms (Paquin et al 2000) Organisms need species-specific optimal concentration ranges for major ions (e.g., Ca, Mg) For standard ... et al 1994 and Marr et al 1996), as well as the reverse (Hook and Fisher 2001) Such differences are probably attributable to differences in sorption at the gill and kinetics of uptake and internal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... Metals and Metal Substances in Terrestrial Systems 800 U.S a b 31 The Netherlands Sweden Finland 15 330 30 0.4 32 7.9 50 54 30 0.3 0.1 0.4 30 120 100 HC5 HC50 Belgium (Flanders) Germanya Switzerland ... Netherlands Target and Intervention Values (Swartjes 1999; Rutgers and Den Besten 2005) represent threshold concentrations at which 95% and 50% of species are protected, respectively (the HC5 and ... Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 44400_C006.fm Page 119 Wednesday, November 15, 2006 9:11 AM Inorganic Metals and Metal Substances in Terrestrial Systems 119 TABLE 6.2 Concentration (mg/l) of Co and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... object, Command objects also differ for each data provider In the case of SQL Server, we need SqlCommand, and for Microsoft Access, we need OledbCommand Among other tasks, the main jobs of Command are ... reader and populate into dataset cmdReport.CommandType = CommandType.Text; cmdReport.Connection = conReport; cmdReport.CommandText = "Select * FROM CreditLimit"; //read data from command object ... Security=SSPI;"; //declare Connection, command and other related objects SqlConnection conReport = new SqlConnection(cnString); SqlCommand cmdReport = new SqlCommand(); SqlDataReader drReport; DataSet...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 08:48

... different technologies and/ or systems (e.g., TOA and TDOA measurements in terrestrial networks, TOA and RSS measurements, or even satellite and terrestrial systems, or satellite and inertial navigation ... different aspects and facets of positioning and navigation techniques It begins with “classical” technologies for positioning in satellite systems (e.g., GPS and Galileo) and in terrestrial cellular ... pedestrians and navigation of vehicles typically require different localization update rates) and intersect algorithm complexity and node cost 1.2 POSITIONING AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS The positioning and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... 299–315 LOTHIAN, A (1999): Landscape and the philosophy of aesthetics: is landscape quality inherent in the landscape or in the eye of the beholder?’, Landscape and Urban Planning 44 (4): 177–198 ... as Practice and Culture University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL COSGROVE, D (1984): Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape Croom Helm, London COSGROVE, D (2004): Landscape and Landschaft’, ... aesthetic appreciation of landscapes, if not the major ingredient, given the everyday flavour of the landscape concept As an academic problem, the aesthetics of Nature and landscapes is a field of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... multi-way analysis, and as such he is the reason for this thesis Many e-mails, meetings, beers, and letters from and with Age Smilde have enabled me to grasp, refine and develop my ideas and those of ... improving the models and algorithms now available Hence, two other important aspects are the development of new models aimed at handling problems typical of today's scientific work, and better algorithms ... Given X (I × J) and the column-dimension F of A and B fit the model as the solution of where D is a diagonal matrix and I an identity matrix The specific scaling and ordering of A and B may vary,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... Computers and Matrix Products 6.2 Vector Computations for Heat Di usion 6.3 Multiprocessors and Mass Transfer 6.4 MPI and the IBM/SP 6.5 MPI and Matrix Products 6.6 MPI and 2D Models ... ) dividing by and letting and go to Like the heat models the step sizes should be carefully chosen so that stability holds and the errors ( ) between the discrete and continuous models are small ... analysis, matrix algebra and partial di erential equations It does develop topics in these areas as is needed and also includes modeling and computation, and so there is more breadth and less depth in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 10:01

... vigorous plants of desirable shape and size Many people are apprehensive about pruning, but understanding how, when and why to prune can help master a common landscape chore Pruning cuts should ... pruning) and limbs from trees Pole saws and pruners are similar to pruning saws and loppers, but have a handle that may be 10-12 feet long The pole pruner is a form of lopper with a long handle ... holly, barberry, cotoneaster and nandina are in this category Typical randombranched conifer New spring growth on spruce branch Figure Pruning conifers Conifers, broadleaf and narrow-leaf evergreens...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 16:02

... Bienenstock, Geman, and Potter (1997) and Geman, Potter, and Chi (1998), and by people studying generative models, such as Mumford (1994), Revow, Williams, and Hinton (1996), and Zhu and Mumford (1997) ... work in Fukushima (1986) and Fukushima and Wake (1991), Olshausen, Anderson, and Van Essen (1993), and recent models, such as Riesenhuber and Poggio (1999) Each of these models touches upon certain ... (1999), and Amit (2000) The work in Burl, Leung, and Perona (1995) and Burl, Weber, and Perona (1998), is very similar in spirit; however, the features and the statistical models are more complex, and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 23:23

... WiMAX from a HAP and terrestrial base station Figure 2: CDF of CNR performance with isotropic and directive antenna patterns and variable separation distances between the HAP and terrestrial cell ... Grace, and P D Mitchell, “Downlink performance of WiMAX broadband from high altitude platform and terrestrial deployments sharing a common 3.5 GHz band,” in Proceedings of the IST Mobile and Wireless ... frequency bands with terrestrial WiMAX deployments Coexistence performance was evaluated in the fixed and variable separation distance Z Yang et al cases between coverage areas of the HAP and terrestrial...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... system model, the signal path loss, and antenna models considered for HAPs and that of the terrestrial deployments is described In Section 3, the downlink and uplink HAP WiMAX cellular system ... antenna and other antennas serving other cells in the same frequency band CIR and CINR can be expressed as CDF of CIRH and CINRH of HAP WiMAX system (refuse factor = 3) 1 0.8 21 CDF of CIRUH and ... regardless of interference from the terrestrial system CDF comparison of CIR in HAP and HAP /terrestrial systems Pr (CIR < X) Figure 11: Coexistence model of HAP and terrestrial WiMAX system CIRHT...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... Communications and Networking HAP station Terrestrial base station Point-to-point terrestrial link Specialist user Specialist user Specialist user Point-to-point terrestrial link Terrestrial base ... compared with satellites, and a wider coverage area than terrestrial systems In our scenario, the HAP station and terrestrial stations will share a same frequency band of 28 GHz We examine the ... approach because in this band, HAPs will have to share this band with terrestrial systems Moreover, the highly directional antenna characteristics of both terrestrial users and HAP specialist users...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... suggested by the title of the book: sociology is a landscape that can be imagined (theories), a landscape that can be experienced (realities), and a landscape that can be recreated (trend) The demarcation, ... situations and scenes statuses and roles occupied by people social networks and quasi-groups groups and organisations ‘fields’ and institutional areas societies and cultures civilisations and world ... systems of knowledge and taxonomies, innovations, and ecological practices relating to the management and exploitation of biological diversity on these lands and environments Oldfield and Alcorn (1991:...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

... Part IX Tutorials and Theoretical Issues Chapter History and Theoretical Basics of Hidden Markov Models Guy Leonard Kouemou Chapter Hidden Markov Models in Dynamic System Modelling and Diagnosis ... Athanasopoulou and Christoforos N Hadjicostis Part Hidden Markov Models in Speech and Time-domain Signals Processing 111 Chapter Hierarchical Command Recognition Based on Large Margin Hidden Markov Models ... Maruotti and Marco Picone Hidden Markov Models in Image and Spatial Structures Analysis 223 Continuous Hidden Markov Models for Depth Map-Based Human Activity Recognition Zia Uddin and Tae-Seong...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20