...
on a sequence of the ambiguous parses, and V
is an integer denoting the vote of the rule. For
English, the features that we use are: (1) LEX:
the lexical form, and (2) TAG: the tag. It is
certainly ...
wi, and k denotes the maximum context win-
dow size (determined at run time).
1278
Tagging English by Path Voting Constraints
Ghkhan Tfir and Kemal Oflazer
Department of Computer Engineering ...
ative constraint rules to rule out certain pat-
terns. We have applied this approach to tagging
English text from the Wall Street Journal and
the Brown Corpora. Our results from the Wall
Street...
... sentences from English
Wikipedia
1
with corresponding documents and sen-
tences from Simple English Wikipedia
2
. Simple En-
glish Wikipedia contains articles aimed at children
and English language ... a new text simplification data set
generated from aligning sentences in Simple English
Wikipedia with sentences in English Wikipedia. The
data set is orders of magnitude larger than any cur-
rently ... accessible vocabulary and sentence
structure. We introduce a new data set that
pairs English Wikipedia with Simple English
Wikipedia and is orders of magnitude larger
than any previously examined...
...
name transliteration from English into Chinese.
The algorithm does not aim to specify general
grapheme-phoneme conversion for English, but
only for the subset of English words relevant to ...
pronunciation, even though English has borrowed
many country names. This is permitted only
because the mapping from English phonemes to
Chinese phonemes loses a large degree of
variance: English vowel ... com-
plicating the automation of this process below.
The written form of English is less than
normalized. A particular English grapheme (letter
or letter group) does not always correspond to...
... only illustrates the role of affixation in written
English, but also indicates that a remarkably close con-
nection exists between written English and its spoken
forms (In this respect, note ...
tors), The Oxford English Dic-
tionary, Oxford, 1933.
5. Samuel Steman Haideman, Affixes
in their Origin and Applica-
tion, Exhibiting the Etymological
Structure of English Words, Phila- ...
AFFIXING IN WRITTEN ENGLISH
87
[Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol.8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965]
The Nature of Affixing in Written English *†
by H. L. Resnikoff...
...
3 426 242
4 22 0
5 47 1*
6 79 2†
Plural form only 9‡
Total 1,111 599
Total coded 1,710
Occurrences with article suppressed 255
Total noun occurrences 1,965
* “Negotiations.”
† “The French,” ... Report on the Insertion of
English Articles in Russian -English MT Output,” Me-
chanical Translation, Vol. 8 (1964).
2. Barton, J. “The Application of the Article in English, ”
Proceedings of ...
neither necessary nor at this time possible to exploit
all the English patterns that are available to the native
speaker of English.
This study represents an attempt to discriminate be-
tween...
... These anglicisms
include uninflected English stems (e.g., battle, rap-
per, flow) as well as English stems with English in-
flection (e.g., battled, rappers, flows), English stems
with German inflection ... investigate how novel English- derived
words (anglicisms) are used in a German-
language Internet hip hop forum, and what
factors contribute to their uptake.
1 Introduction
Because English has established ... flow’), and English stems
with German derivational affixes (e.g., battlem
¨
assig,
rapperische, flowendere ‘battle-related, rapper-like,
more flowing’), as well as compounds with one
or more English...
... report on the use
of Factored Translation Models for English-
to-Arabic translation.
1 Introduction
Arabic has a complex morphology compared to
English. Words are inflected for gender, number,
and ... that
morphological segmentation of the Arabic source
benefits the performance of Arabic-to -English SMT.
The use of similar techniques for English- to-Arabic
SMT requires recombination of the target side into
valid ... applying
Factored Translation Models (Koehn and Hoang,
2007) for English- to-Arabic translation.
2 Previous Work
The only previous work on English- to-Arabic SMT
that we are aware of is by Sarikaya and...
... similarity scores between fragments.
We treat an English single word as a fragment
unit, i.e., each English single word corresponds
to one fragment. An English candidate C
i
con-
sisting of n single ... translation in
detail in the next section.
3 Chinese-to -English NE Translation
As we have mentioned in the last section, we
could find most English translations in Chinese
web page snippets. We ... tradi-
tional Chinese snippets by Google, there are still
many English fragments. Therefore, the first
task our system would do is to separate these
English fragments into NEs and non-NEs. We
propose...
... functionality outlined
in Section 1 and the architecture of Section 2. The
system permits spoken English input of constrained
yes/no questions about the symptoms of headaches,
using a vocabulary ... two
versions of the system, producing spoken output in
French and Japanese respectively. Since English →
Japanese is distinctly the more interesting and chal-
lenging language pair, we will focus ... component, we have
had two main problems to solve. Firstly, it is well-
known that translation from English to Japanese re-
quires major reorganisation of the syntactic form.
Word-order is nearly...
...
English for international communications. In
developing a computer-assisted language teaching
and learning environment, we have compiled a
large-scale speech corpus of Japanese learner
English, ... paper describes a method of
detecting grammatical and lexical errors
made by Japanese learners of English
and other techniques that improve the
accuracy of error detection with a limited
amount ...
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Automatic error detection in the Japanese learners’ English spoken data
Emi IZUMI
†‡
emi@crl.go.jp
Kiyotaka UCHIMOTO
†
uchimoto@crl.go.jp
Toyomi...