japonicum based on macdonald s model

... same same same same same same same same same same same same same same same values values values values values values values values values values values values values values values as as as as ... values values values values as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as those those those those those those those those those those those those those those those of of of of of of of of of of of ... analysis : otherwise Here "has(h,z)" is a binary function which returns true if the history h has an attribute x We focus on attributes on a bunsetsu itself and those between bunsetsus Section...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... which lasts more than one second Topic Identification based on HMMs We employ HMMs for topic identification, where a hidden state corresponds to a topic and various features described in Section are ... case frame, which is assigned by case analysis Case frames are automatically constructed from Web cooking texts (12 million sentences) by clustering similar verb usages (Kawahara and Kurohashi, ... This leads to incorrect parameter training Other cause is that some verbs are assigned to an inaccurate case frame by the failure of case analysis Conclusions This paper has described an unsupervised...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... ones (reasonable progress has been made in this case) Subjects of this type focus on negative aspects and feel frustrated with their working conditions, owing both to lack of resources (personal ... be the result of different ways of responding to stress and frustration at work The frenetic type works increasingly harder until he or she is exhausted and seeks satisfaction or success to equal ... necessary satisfaction The worn-out type gives up when faced with too much stress or very little gratification at work Consequently, while some professionals cope with dissatisfaction by investing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... propagation Section defines a layer structure and explains an FBP sequence A new iteration filter algorithm considering iteration directions is described in Section For a VLSI realization, Section suggests ... each processor may access its own memory unhindered by the others This distributed approach also raises problems when the number of processors is excessively large and the memory size is too big, ... cost, respectively This upper bound is useful in making the data cost robust to occlusions and artifacts that may violate the common assumptions that the ambient brightness must be uniform Also,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... Analytik, geostatistischer Auswertung Umweltwiss Schadst Forsch 2009, 21:549-574 25 Ferretti M: Forest health assessment and monitoring – Issues for consideration Environ Monit Assess 1997, 48:45–72 ... Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die Regressionsanalyse zeigt, dass die N-Anreicherung in den Moosen aus Hintergrundgebieten mit der N-Gesamtdeposition europaweit mit Pearson Korrelationen von rp = 0.79 sowie ... Depositionsdaten und Daten aus dem räumlich dichten Messnetz des Europäischen Moos-Monitoring regressions­ nalytisch zu a quanti­ zieren und die Regressionsmodelle auf die Mess­ fi punkte des Moosmessnetzes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... i=1 Among the kernel functions in common use are linear functions, polynomials functions, radial basis functions, and sigmoid functions DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR GEARS BASED ON IMF AR MODEL AND SVM ... illustrated in two-dimensional way as Figure [25] Figure shows the classification of a series of points for two different classes of data, class A (circles) and class B (stars) The SVM tries to place a linear ... taken as the other class Hence, for the k (k ≥ 3) classes’ problems, the classification of the input space can be achieved by k decision-functions based on SVM 6 EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... occluded and second term encourages occlusion connectivity 3.2 The smoothness constraint The prior disparity field, when occlusion field is given, is also called smoothness constraint Minimization of ... performed on the uncertain region, which consists of blocks that have to enrol in the occlusion or nonocclusion regions This approach permits faster execution times, as the MAP search is conducted ... less sensitive to outliers 3.3 The occlusion constraint The prior occlusion field, which is called occlusion constraint, is a binary field that defines local discontinuities The occluded blocks...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... technique based on one-way hash functions,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol 45, no 2, pp 286–294, 1999 [11] C T Hsu and J L Wu, “Hidden digital watermarks in images,” IEEE Trans Image ... illegal user cannot obtain the ownership s shadow watermark share The security of our proposed scheme relies on the secret key that is used in master watermark production share Thus, different host ... protection technique proposed in our method, we simulate various kinds of attacks on watermarked image Lena in our experiments Figures 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 show the results of JPEG lossy compression...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf ... r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf ... r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf r p io g z Ps z z le Pf...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:18

... support system, SPINE, was developed to support decision-making in the management of Pinus sylvestris stands in Spain The system consists of a stand growth and yield simulator based on individual-tree ... harvesting costs DISCUSSION The results of this study are based on the models of Palahí et al [22, 23] The optimisations for site index 17, when maximising FR, are not as reliable as the other results ... regenerative cuttings as decision variables in the optimisation process The analysis conducted in this study indicates that the optimal management schedule of Scots pine stands on site indices 17, 24 and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... Schaum s Easy Outline: Trigonometry Schaum s Easy Outline: Business Statistics Schaum s Easy Outline: Principles of Accounting Schaum s Easy Outline: Applied Physics Schaum s Easy Outline: Biology Schaum s ... SCHAUM S Easy OUTLINES PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Other Books in Schaum s Easy Outlines Series Include: Schaum s Easy Outline: Calculus Schaum s Easy Outline: College Algebra Schaum s Easy Outline: ... Production-Possibility Frontier Principle of Increasing Costs Scarcity and the Market System True or False Questions Solved Problems Methodology of Economics Economics is a social science that studies individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... ECONOMICS come on this commodity Even if the price of salt were to rise substantially, households would reduce their purchases of salt little b The demand for stereos is elastic because stereos ... elastic or inelastic? Why? Solution: a The demand for salt is inelastic because there are no good substitutes for salt and households spend a very small portion of their total in- 24 PRINCIPLES ... goods and services wanted, can concentrate its energies and time in the production of only a few goods and services in which its efficiency is greatest Thus, specialization and division of labor...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... ✔ Consumption Investment Net Exports Government Taxes and Expenditures ✔ True or False Questions ✔ Solved Problems Consumption Because consumption represents two-thirds of total aggregate spending ... Terms of Use 38 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS is largely determined by personal income, income taxes, consumer expectations, consumer indebtedness, wealth, and price level Since consumption is impossible ... consumption function CЈ to CЉ in Figure 4-1 results We now find that at disposable income of $500 billion, consumption exceeds disposable income, i.e., consumers are dissaving (Consumers can dissave by...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... disposable income is Since autonomous consumption is unrelated to income, autonomous consumption is $50 for all levels of income Induced consumption is the amount of consumption that depends upon ... expect businesses to supply output as long as the receipts from selling output equal the payments made by businesses to the owners of economic resources and the owners of the business firms 48 PRINCIPLES ... sales should increase as consumers become more confident; builders would construct more new housing to meet this increased demand b Investment demand should shift downward Businesses’ purchases...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... information purposes 66 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Depository institutions (commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions) borrow savers’ money balances and lend them to individuals, ... businesses, or government By pooling the funds of many small savers and investing in a diversified portfolio of financial instruments, these institutions reduce the transaction costs and risks associated ... drawn upon itself The Federal Reserve controls the banking system s ability to issue checkwriting deposits by imposing a reserve requirement on checking deposits U .S bank reserves consist of currency...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... operation of the economy? Solution: An economic system is judged efficient when it achieves maximum use of economic resources and maximum satisfaction of consumer wants Financial instruments and institutions ... out loans to pay for major purchases Business investment—purchases of new buildings and equipment—is also interest sensitive Thus, as depicted below, a Fed increase in the money supply should ... funds borrowed from savers is used by business firms to add to the economy s capital stock This increases productive capacity d Since the profit motive guides the operation of financial institutions,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... fixed-exchange-rate system known as the Bretton Woods System Under this system, the U .S faced large and chronic deficits, which it was justifiably unwilling to correct by domestic deflation or direct controls on ... higher wages necessarily mean higher labor costs This is not true if the higher U .S wages are based on even higher labor productivity Restrictions on U .S imports to reduce U .S unemployment is a beggar-thy-neighbor ... commodities increases Import restrictions are required to protect the nation s labor against foreign competition A nation has a surplus in its balance of payments if its total credits exceed its total...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Production Costs In This Chapter: ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Explicit and Implicit Costs Short-Run Costs Long-Run Costs True or False Questions Solved Problems Explicit and Implicit Costs In this chapter we concentrate ... proportion, giving decreasing returns to scale or increasing costs Increasing returns to scale or economies of mass production may result because of division of labor and specialization in production ... the sixth dollar spent to purchase the sixth unit of Y, the individual should spend more on X and less on Y As she buys more X, the consumer moves down her diminishing MUx schedule As she buys...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... How much is the consumers’ surplus? b Suppose the monopolist sold OA units at price OF In order to induce consumers to buy AB additional units, it lowers its price to OC only on AB units How much ... However, they also increase the firm s costs and shift the firm s cost curves upward While some advertising informs the consumer and product differentiation satisfies the consumers’ desire for variety, ... OB Only if P > AVC (so that TR > TVC) will the monopolist stay in business and minimize short-run total losses by producing OB b If the monopolist has short-run losses, it could, in the long...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... imposition of high initiation fees and long apprenticeships and requirements that employers hire only union members This is done primarily by craft unions (i.e., unions of such skilled workers as ... Quotas, 90 SAC (short-run average costs), 107–109 152 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Savings, 65 Scarcity, 3–5 market system, 7–8 Services, Short run, 105 Short-run average costs (SAC), 107–109 Short-run ... industry are rewarded with profits which they can then use to expand, while less efficient firms incur losses and have to contract operations or go out of business b Among the objections to profits...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22