jan derk brilman irene jansen and ernst van koesveld

... food allergens include milk and eggs (and their products), wheat, soya, nuts, shellfish and fruits, and also, to a lesser extent, sunflower and cottonseeds, molluscs and certain beans Allergens ... preparation), the physiology and biochemistry of nutrition and metabolism, molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology, via social sciences and the law, anthropology and epidemiology to clinical ... flavour and strong garliclike odour, used widely in oriental and Middle Eastern cooking, and in small amounts in sauces and pickles (The strength of its aroma is suggested by its French and German...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2013, 13:55

... process and fermentation of milk, as well as in the manufacture of vitamins and amino acids and a variety of enzymes and hormones Between 45 and 85% of the dry matter of bacteria is protein, and ... are: (1) green and yellow vegetables; (2) oranges, grapefruit, tomatoes and raw salads; (3) potatoes and other vegetables and fruits; (4) milk and cheese; (5) meat, poultry, fish and eggs; (6) ... in the hands and feet and ascending the arms and legs, with a loss of sensation and deep muscle pain There is also enlargement of the heart, which may lead to oedema (wet beriberi), and death...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... carcinogen; cachexia candelilla wax A hydrocarbon wax from the candelilla plant (Euphorbia cerifera) Used as a lubricant and surface finishing agent in chewing gum and hard candy CanderelTM The sweetener ... currants and buttermilk cachectin (cachexin) See cachexia; tumour necrosis factor cachexia The condition of extreme emaciation and wasting seen in patients with advanced diseases such as cancer and ... aspartame, in tablets Candida Genus of yeasts that inhabit the gut C albicans can, under some circumstances, cause candidiasis (thrush) in the vagina, mouth and skin folds candy (1) Crystallised...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... canning The advantages are that the texture is retained by the partial dehydration and there is a saving in bulk and weight 7-dehydrocholesterol Intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol, and precursor ... individuals and groups; plans menus and special diets; supervises the preparation and serving of meals; instructs in the principles of nutrition as applied to selection of foods In UK the training and ... deoxyribonucleotides, the purine bases adenine and guanine, and the pyrimidine bases thymidine and cytidine, linked to deoxyribose phosphate The sugar-phosphates form a double stranded helix, with the bases paired...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... endocrine glands Those (ductless) glands that produce and secrete hormones, including the thyroid gland (secreting thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine), pancreas (insulin and glucagon), adrenal glands (adrenaline, ... preserved cherries, sausages and meat and fish pastes; it is unstable to light and heat esculin See aesculin ESPEN European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Metabolism, now called ... dried fruit beetle, and fig moth, and as a flavour; an ingredient of artificial lemon, strawberry and rum flavours ethylmethylcellulose See cellulose derivatives ethyl vanillin See vanilla EUFIC European...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... physical, biochemical and biophysical properties of foods and their constituents, and of changes that these may undergo during handling, preservation, processing, storage, distribution and preparation ... and 5% fusel oil, a mixture of organic acids, higher alcohols (propyl, butyl and amyl), aldehydes and esters, known collectively as congeners Present in low concentration in wines and beer, and ... toxins, vicine and convicine, in the beans The condition affects some 100 million people worldwide, and is commonest in people of Mediterranean and Afro-Caribbean descent FDA US Food and Drug Administration,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... decoctions and tinctures prepared from medicinal plants gallates Salts and esters of gallic acid, found in many plants Used in making dyes and inks, and medicinally as an astringent Propyl, octyl and ... seeds and sometimes also coriander and/ or bay leaf garbanzo See chickpea garbellers 15th century; people appointed by the Grocers’ Company of London to inspect spices and other groceries, and destroy ... salts and calcium salts, formed in the bile duct of the gall bladder when the bile becomes supersaturated 207 game Non-domesticated (i.e wild) animals and birds shot for sport and eaten rabbit and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... included, and emulsifiers such as polysorbate and monoglycerides Mono- and diglycerides bind the looser globules of water and are added in ‘non-drip’ ice cream ice, eutectic See eutectic ice Iceland ... Statistics) standards See also nchs standards; tanner standards 232 HarvestPlus International research initiative coordinated by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the International ... difference Caused by gums derived from the barley, leucoanthocyanins and tannins from the malt and hops, and glucose, pentoses and amino acids See also chillproofing hazel nut Fruit of the tree Corylus...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... Network of Food Data Systems, created to develop standards and guidelines for collection of food composition data, and standardised terminology and nomenclature Web site http://www.fao.org/infood/ ... motility of the large and small intestines, leading to pain and alternating diarrhoea and constipation; often precipitated by emotional stress isaño Edible tubers of the Andean plant Tropaeolum ... the β-cells and gastrin by the γ-cells of the islets ISO 9000 Quality Standard The international standard for the management of quality, widely used in the food industry, catering and food distribution,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... hydroxide and therefore cannot be 283 extracted into an aqueous medium: cholesterol and other sterols, squalene, carotenoids and vitamins a, d, e and k The saponifiable lipids are triacylglycerols (and ... Penicillium and Aspergillus spp attack fats containing short-chain fatty acids and produce ketones with a characteristic odour and taste, so-called ketonic rancidity Fats such as butter, coconut and ... originally from arid regions of southern and central Africa, now grown commercially in Australia and New Zealand, but with a limited market because of its bland flavour Also known as melano, African...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... Bacteria, yeasts and moulds; can cause food spoilage, and disease (pathogens); used to process and preserve food by fermentation and have been used as foodstuffs (single cell protein and mycoprotein) ... mustard) black and brown seeds mixed with sugar, vinegar and herbs Meaux mustard is grainy and made with mixed seeds American mustard is mild and sweet made with white seeds, sugar, vinegar and turmeric ... In Yorkshire and N England, a mixed crop of 2–3 parts of wheat and part of rye, used for making bread (3) Also mesclin, miscellin; Medieval English; bread made from mixed wheat and rye Mason...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... paste made from shrimps and small fish nan Indian flat bread, an egg dough prepared with white flour and leavened with sodium bicarbonate, normally baked in a tandoor (see tandoori) nanofiltration ... canned fruits and vegetables, canned fish and milk puddings It also lowers the resistance of many thermophilic bacteria (see thermophiles) to heat and so permits a reduction in the time and/ or temperature ... ‘nitrogen’ is used to refer to ammonium salts and nitrates utilised as plant fertilisers; proteins and amino acids as animal nutrients; and urea and ammonium salts as excretory products nitrogenase...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... cheese), fettucine and linguini (ribbons), and a range of twists, spirals and other shapes Macaroni is tubular shaped, about mm in diameter; at 10 mm it is known as zitoni, and at 15 mm fovantini or ... Penaeida spp and Pandalida spp In UK smaller fish are known as shrimp and larger as prawns; in USA all are called shrimp The deep-water prawn is Pandalus borealis; common pink shrimp is Pandalus montagui; ... of vitamin d and hence inadequate absorption of calcium and loss of calcium from the bones osteoporosis Degeneration of the bones with advancing age due to loss of bone mineral and protein; this...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... mesentericus and B subtilis) occur on wheat and hence in flour The spores can survive baking and are present in the bread Under the right conditions of warmth and moisture the spores germinate and the ... the size of sand grains; the rice equivalent of semolina rice, fermented South American; whole rice is moistened and left to ferment for 10–15 days, then dried and milled Bacterial and fungal fermentation ... transthyretin (2) Cellular retinol (and retinoic acid) binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) are essential for uptake of retinol and retinoic acid into cells, before onward metabolism and binding to retinoid...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... with small quantities of urea, and mineral salts salivary glands Three pairs of glands in the mouth, which secrete saliva: parotid, submandibular and submaxillary glands Sally Lunn A sweet, spongy, ... cooked, smoked and cooked, semi-dry and dry Frankfurters, Bologna, Polish and Berliner sausages are made from cured meat and are smoked and cooked Thuringer, soft salami, mortadella and soft cervelat ... pepper and celery, or sometimes by mixing mayonnaise with tomato ketchup Thousand Island dressing is made from equal parts of mayonnaise and Russian dressing, with whipped cream salamander Traditional...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... it tandoori (tanduri) Indian term for food cooked in a clay oven (tandoor) The meat is marinated with aromatic herbs and spices before cooking tangelo A citrus fruit, cross between tangerine and ... face, hands and feet Caused by low plasma ionised calcium and may occur in rickets tetracyclines A group of closely related antibiotics including tetracycline, oxytetracycline (terramycin) and aureomycin ... back to the individual ingredients, their suppliers and the delivery dates, and forward to the packages supplied and their distribution to shops and final consumers trace elements See minerals, trace;...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... enzymes vanaspati Indian; puried hydrogenated vegetable oil; similar to margarine and usually fortied with vitamins A and D Also used to prepare ghee (vanaspati ghee) vanilla Extract of the vanilla ... substance which does not occur in the vanilla bean; 3.5 times as strong in avour, and more stable to store than vanillin, but does not have the true avour vanillin See vanilla VaporPrintTM imaging A ... 260 nm; poor penetrating power and of value only for surface sterilisation or sterilising air and water Also used for tenderising and ageing of meat, curing cheese, and prevention of mould growth...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 12:20

... number of enzymes, and the nuclear receptor proteins for steroid and thyroid hormones and vitamins a and d Deficiency results in hypogonadism and delayed puberty, small stature and mild anaemia; ... Aspartame E952 Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts E954 Saccharin and its Na, K and Ca salts E957 Thaumatin E959 Neohesperidine DC Emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents E322 Lecithins ... cerevisiae and S carlsbergensis are used in brewing, wine-making and baking Yeasts such as Candida utilis (formerly Torula utilis) are grown on carbohydrate or hydrocarbon media as animal feed and potential...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 12:20