issues in translation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice

... approved for clinical use in the USA in November 2001 and is expected to gain approval in the European Union in the coming months A second major interventional study was also published in November ... incidence of sepsis appears set to continue to increase substantially The panel articulated the reasons for this, identifying an ageing population and advances in – and increased invasiveness of – ... diminish the potential impact of adopting novel therapies/strategies in the treatment of this common and serious syndrome Conclusion The confusing terminology and woolly definitions surrounding...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... the cultural in translating English slogan into Vietnamese My study is completed in the ambition of giving further studying about method of slogan translation While carrying this studying, I hope ... further reading of the text  Conveying an advertising message in the shortest possible form  Evoking in consumer’s mind a desire of possessing a given product  Summarising and summing up the ... you doing” In fact, this kind of greetings is very rude and impolite in western countries, for it is an interference of privacy Instead we’d better translate them into “hello” “good morning” or...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 10:15

... individuals from within the clinical practice setting Because barriers to using evidence in practice will vary by practice setting, having someone from within the clinical practice setting available to ... evidence-based practice, they face many challenges in selecting, using and interpreting the information from measures [20] The challenges to moving outcome measures into clinical practice in children’s ... Communities of practice may be an effective KT strategy to support use of research evidence in clinical practice In addition to the interactive aspect, this approach also involves individuals from within...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... SPRINT is limited to U/hour to minimise saturation and the administration of ineffective insulin [23,29,30,43] Insulin is given predominantly in bolus form for safety, avoiding infusions being ... the practice of using insulin-only protocols In the presence of significant insulin resistance, insulin effect saturates at high concentrations of insulin [23,29,30], limiting the achievable glycaemic ... Jr, Kahn SE: The effect of insulin dose on the measurement of insulin sensitivity by the minimal model technique Evidence for saturable insulin transport in humans J Clin Invest 1996, 97:501-507...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... effects on the intestinal epithelium IL-13 is involved in induction of fibrosis in this and other models of in ammation by inducing the IL-13 receptor a(2) in macrophages, then signaling via this ... Michael J.G Farthing Professor of Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital; Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada Vice-Chancellor and Professor of Medicine University of Sussex Sussex ... significant advances in our understanding of genetic variation and its effect on susceptibility to IBD, there has been little translation of the use of this information through into clinical practice A...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... No parsing of the input string or restructuring of the output string takes place Only simple sentences (not involving subordinate clauses) have been translated The program accepts input in a form ... automatic parsing of the Swahili input Received January 28, 1970 References Martins, G P "Preliminary Report on the Insertion of English Articles in Russian-English MT Output." Mechanical Translation, ... continued until the first few letters of the original word are found as an entry in the stem dictionary Thus, we know that, given any input string (word) of n letters, either (1) there is some integer...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... we find ways of implementing evidence into practice One way of supporting implementation of evidence is through evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) [3,4] CPGs outline a plan of ... topic • Determining the scope of the CPG • Identifying and adapting existing CPGs • Forming a multidisciplinary guideline development group • Involving consumers • Establishing clinical questions ... Why we need guidelines for guidelines: a study of the quality of clinical practice guidelines in Australia Med J Aust 1996, 165:574-576 Boluyt N, Lincke CR, Offringa M: Quality of evidence-based...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... widespread acceptance of its underlying rationale, enormous publicity, and strong clinical evidence of dramatic reductions in mortality, it was only slowly accepted into routine clinical practice One ... paralyzing their dissemination despite compelling cost-effectiveness assessments [7] Research into implementation Paralleling the evolution of evidence based medicine has been research into how ... incorporate activated protein C into routine clinical practice may result, for example, from skepticism of its mortality benefit in the face of the present lack of outcomes data beyond the conventional...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... Essentials of Neuroimaging for Clinical Practice This page intentionally left blank Essentials of Neuroimaging for Clinical Practice Edited by Darin D Dougherty, M.D., M.Sc Scott ... advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual ... view of normal brain at the level of the basal ganglia 1–7 CT scan of a normal brain: brain and bone windows at the level of the mastoid air cells 1–8 CT scan: bone windows...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... abnormal findings in CT imaging, and clinical indications for neuroimaging in general, and we offer guidance for selecting between CT and MRI tomography (CAT), was one of the first noninvasive imaging ... side of traumatic Figure 1–7 ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE CT scan of a normal brain: brain and bone windows at the level of the mastoid air cells Figure 1–8 CT scan: bone windows ... CT Clinical Indications for Neuroimaging Figure 1–23 Subfalcine herniation Right-to-left shift under falx cerebri is due to hemorrhagic process Neuroimaging is indicated in a variety of clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... diagnostic use beginning in the 1970s (Taber et al 2002) Extraordinary progress has since been made in expanding MRI’s applications, producing a revolutionizing force in clinical neuroscience ... 17 Clinical indications for neuroimaging Indication Preferred study Acute setting Medical instability Recent head trauma and one of the following: Loss of consciousness GCS score

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... 34 ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE or normally functioning tissues In clinical DWI, two scans are collected for each brain section The first is a standard ... acquisition is vulnerable to artifacts in areas of magnetic field inhomogeneity, such as brain–bone and brain–air interfaces (Taber et al 2002) DTI requires the combining of information from many images ... diverge Clinical Utility Although DTI currently remains primarily a research tool, clinical applications are being developed Indeed, DTI offers great promise for the evaluation of a variety of neuropsychiatric...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... The ultimate clinical significance of such findings is the subject of ongoing investigation and debate (Campbell and Coffey 2001) There remain no pathognomonic structural MRI findings for primary ... These findings led to a proliferation of CT and subsequent MRI studies of schizophrenia (Shenton et al 2001) Beginning with one of the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith et al in 1984, investigators ... NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE N Magnetic Resonance Imaging 55 Longitudinal studies suggest that these changes in ADHD are fixed rather than progressive (Rapoport et al 2001) Many of these findings...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... modeling allows for estimation of the other values This kinetic modeling may then yield estimations of receptor binding, including binding affinity (Kd), receptor occupancy (Bmax), and binding ... examination, a significant number of incidental findings can be expected Direct discussion with the interpreting neuroradiologist can often clarify the clinical implications of more subtle findings ... presence of clinical symptoms consistent with seizures In these instances, PET or SPECT imaging can be indispensable in confirming the diagnosis of epilepsy Characteristic findings include hyperperfusion...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... marked increase in the variance in fMRI results, including measures of test–retest reliability This increased variance is likely to be of clinical significance and is deserving of direct investigation ... different states of neural activity The use of endogenous contrast agents 96 ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE obviated the need for injecting foreign molecules into the bodies of healthy ... an hour of clinical imaging can run to the hundreds of dollars Therefore, the total number of imaging minutes is one of the parameters that must be considered in the tradeoffs when designing a...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... dominate the in vivo spectrum Because naturally occurring metabolites can be labeled in this way, 13C MRS provides a means of investigating the kinetics of intermediary metabolism A main line of ... ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Contributions of Magnetic Resonance Methods to Clinical Neuropsychiatric Research In this section we review some of the clinical areas in which ... convergence of results is promising for the goal of 19F MRS to attain clinical usefulness as an aid in elucidating treatment and side effects The differences in brain-toserum ratios of fluvoxamine in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... used in clinical practice In the case of psychiatric neuroimag- 131 ing, there are now several strategies that allow investigators to begin bridging the gap between research and clinical practice ... neuroimaging is bright In addition to having a continuing tremendous role in psychiatric research, neuroimaging is likely to progressively play a prominent role in the clinical psychiatric setting ... of the candidate medication Perhaps surprisingly, in vitro studies of binding properties often yield only poor approximations of how such candidate medications actually behave in the brains of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Neuroimaging See also specific imaging modalities clinical indications for, 14–16, 17 head trauma, 14–15 neuropsychiatric symptoms, 15–16 serial scanning, ... ESSENTIALS OF NEUROIMAGING FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Glutamine, 107, 108 in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 111 Glutathione, 107 Glx See Glutamate; Glutamine Glycerophosphocholine (GPC), 107–108, 108 in bipolar ... resonance imaging in, 55, 56 Benzodiazepines, in magnetic resonance imaging, 70 Binswanger’s disease, 59, 120 Bipolar disorder magnetic resonance imaging in, 52 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in, 110...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:20

... Preliminary analyzing translation strategies and procedures employed in translation of their English terms into Vietnamese  Collecting and presenting basic terms in finance and banking  Providing ... the three main types of bank income are interest income, fee income and exchange profit Banking is a profitable business and competition among banks is increasing As competition increases it ... the flow of cash in and out of the business between balance sheet dates Sources of funds include trading profits, depreciation provisions, borrowing, the sales of assets and the issuing of shares...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

... constructed basing on the following aims: Collecting, classifying and analyzing the found documents in order to find out the way in translating name of popular Vietnamese dishes into English Providing knowledge ... analogy of form in the translation by either exploiting formal possibilities of TL, or creating new forms in TL Although equivalence translation is defined with different point of view of theorists, ... language used in target workplace setting Procedure of translation According to J P vinay and J Darbelnet (1958), translation includes seven following procedures: 5.1 Borrowing In the case of a lacuna,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55