isolation and properties of endothelial cells forming the blood nerve barrier

... and mutant cells and extent of HIV Growth Growth rates of parental and mutant cells and extent of HIV integration (A) Growth rates Parental and mutant 30-2 and 42-7 cells were seeded and growth ... respectively These drugs select against the expression of the HPRT and APRT gene products since expression of these proteins results in the incorporation of the toxic purine analogues into DNA The genes ... in the amount of DNA integrated into the genome of mutant cells Clones 30-2 and 42-7 are resistant to MLV and HIV-1 infection We then quantified the resistance to infection of clones 30-2 and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... This result in the successive generation of two active forms of the factor: aFXIIa and bFXIIa The cleavage of the Arg353-Val354 bond of FXII results in the formation of aFXIIa form of the enzyme, ... with the receptor of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator on the surface of the endothelial cells (Ferguson, 1996) This binding brings both the zymogens to the site of injury and in direct Introduction ... to blood flow following either damage or activation of the endothelium This may occur due to the perforation of the vessel wall or activation of the endothelium (Geczy, 1994) Upon activation of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 13:36

... cytokines/chemokines and LPS, regulate the permeability of the BBB to HIV-1 BECs express LPS receptors, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and CD14 [27] and are targets of LPS The barrier function of the ... employed the luminal chamber as the loading chamber Effects of LPS, IL-6, and GM-CSF on the expression of tight junction proteins To examine the effects of LPS, IL-6, and GM-CSF on the expression of ... study The concentration of IL-1α was below the detection level of the assay A hr exposure of BMECs to LPS (100 µg/mL) significantly induced 33- and 2.4-fold increases in the levels of GM-CSF and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... within endothelial cells, and inter -endothelial cell gaps between endothelial cells[ 1,4,9-12] Based on electron microscopy, the anatomic pore size of the fenestrations, caveolae, and VVOs of the ... those of the inter -endothelial cell gaps, these pores are more numerous than the inter -endothelial cell gaps in the BTB of brain tumors and peripheral tumors[4,9,10] The higher permeability of the ... characterize the differences in the permeability of the BTB of a malignant brain tumor to that of the BTB of a peripheral solid tumor, and to define the upper limit of pore size within the BTB of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... containing the double of NrfA subunit in respect to the NrfH subunit Nevertheless, inside these huge aggregates there are species of the type a2b2 The present findings are in agreement with the reported ... correlations The determination of the 3D structure of D desulfuricans ATCC 27774 NrfA [17] enabled to ascertain the spatial characterization of the five hemes, namely their proximity and the axial ... particularly regarding the assignment of spectroscopic and redox potentials of the NrfA hemes In addition, the first partial spectroscopic and redox characterization of the NrfH subunit is also...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... 90% of the cultured cells were positive for KDR and CD133 (Figure 3) Migratory and adhesive capacities of endothelial progenitor cells in the progression of MODS In the experimental group, the ... in the prevention and treatment of MODS The pathogenesis of MODS was so complicated that we did not investigate the correlation between the number and capacity of EPCs and the other factors of ... prior to the occurrence of MODS, so the sharp decrease in the number and function of EPCs in the progression of MODS may be one of the main pathogenic factors of MODS In the present study, the migratory,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... in the ECM, and the pH of the ECM control the filtering aspect of the ECM The ECM is a transit area for the passage of nutrients from the bloodstream into the cells and for toxins released by the ... environment of the tumor cells (Douwes and Szasz, 1997) The chemistry of the microenvironment of healthy cells, injured cells and cancerous cells and the microelectrical field of these cells are ... information inside themselves and between other cells The coordination of information by the cells of the body is involved in the regulation and integration of cellular functions and cell growth...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... shown in the inset, the progressive decrease of the molecular ellipticity at k ¼ 200 nm (the absorption region of the peptide bond) reflects the occurrence of a transition between 35° and 55 °C ... one PHR and one PHO (abc) protomer The hypothesis of a direct PHI–phenol interaction is quite unlikely, because of the fact that the addition of phenol does not alter the emission spectrum of PHI ... identity between the N-terminal sequence of PHI and those of ferredoxin-like proteins belonging to other oxygenases On the contrary, the N-terminus of PHI is identical to that of MopN from A calcoaceticus...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... Resolution of the structure of NADP+-bound FeR revealed that the nicotinamide moiety of NADP+ faces the re-side of the isoalloxazine ring, and that the 2Â-P-AMP moiety is held in the groove between the ... Pro154, Ile156 and Pro161 of the other monomer Similarly, Gly175Ala181 forms an anti-parallel intermolecular b sheet with the b12 of the other monomer, and towards the C-terminus, the subsequent ... of the logarithms of the concentration ratios for oxidized and reduced forms of the mediator versus that of recombinant avoredoxin Reduction titration of avoredoxin by NAD(P)H The reduction of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... sodium dithionite The EPR spectra and the redox properties of chlorite dismutase are, surprisingly, more similar to those of the globins than of the heme enzymes The midpoint potential of chlorite ... aliquots of where B is the maximum absorbance difference, [L] is the ligand concentration, Aobs is the observed absorbance, and A0 is the absorbance without ligand Preparation of NO adduct of chlorite ... peroxide concentration, the Soret band decreases as the result of further oxidation of the heme by the excess hydrogen peroxide EPR spectroscopy of chlorite dismutase and adducts Ferric chlorite...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... housed and maintained at the Underwater World Aquarium, Mooloolaba, Queensland, Australia For isolation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, a blood sample (3 mL) was taken from the caudal vein of a ... alignments and for CDRs and In these cases extensive loop modelling was undertaken and the final model selection based on the modeller objective score Construction of the 12F-11DCys mutant and 12F-11 ... background, and all of these proved to be identical sequences One of these, designated clone 12F-11, was chosen for further analysis The primary and deduced amino acid sequences of clone 12F-11...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... describe the cloning and expression of the M tuberculosis tps gene in E coli, and the production of active TPS in these cells The properties of the recombinant enzyme have been determined, and are ... on the activity of the TPS was determined as shown in Figs and Fig shows the effect of increasing concentrations of either UDP– glucose or GDP–glucose in the presence of saturating levels of ... for the four substrates shown in the reaction It seems likely that under the appropriate conditions in the cell, the enzyme can catalyze either the synthesis or the degradation of trehalose Another...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... diagram of wild-type RTA structure, and the positions of the altered amino acids of the double mutant, F108 and L151, within the structure are indicated Discussion RTA is the catalytic polypeptide of ... plasmid DNA containing the 25S rRNA genomic DNA sequence The probe was made by random priming and the incorporation of [a-32P]dCTP Hybridization of the probe to the membrane and subsequent washes ... Tsurugi K (1987) The mechanism of action of ricin and related toxic lectins on eukaryotic ribosomes The site and the characteristics of the modification in 28 S ribosomal RNA caused by the toxins J...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... compare the apparent rates of trypsinolysis of the wild-type HSP22 and its mutants, we plotted ln(At ⁄ Ao) (where Ao and At are the intensities of the band of intact protein at the beginning of trypsinolysis ... structure and properties of K137E and the K137,141E mutant of human HSP22, aiming to provide new information on the structure of sHsp and to shed new light on their role in the development of human ... respect to the location and length of specific b-strands For example, in the model of aB-crystallin, the b7 strand is only four residues long [16] whereas, in the model of HSP27, the same strand is...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... trehalose and maltose are applied to the sides of the paper to determine the locations of these sugars, and those areas of the papers can be eluted to isolate the individual sugars which can then ... catalytic mechanism of TreS, each of the radioactive substrates was incubated with the enzyme in the presence of high concentrations of the unlabeled product, and the formation of radioactive product ... generating the plasmid pTS-TOPO The overhang into the cloning vector (GTGG) invaded the 5¢ end of the PCR product, annealed to the four bases (CACC; underlined) and stabilized the PCR product into the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... hydroperoxides and aldehydes These may be the primary substrates of the microsomal or membrane-bound GST in the same way as they are the substrates for Se-dependent glutathione peroxidases (the ‘classical’ ... Using the standard curve constructed from the protein standards (Fig 4B), the molecular mass of the Peak GST subunit was determined to be 34.0 kDa (Table 2) Peak showed subunits of 36.8 and 32.6 ... used and pH was confirmed immediately prior to and following the assay; the pH values shown are the average of these two values Peak (d, lines) and Peak (s, dotted lines) GST had pH optima of 7.20...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... as control The reaction rate was calculated from the slope of the absorbance curve, using software installed by the manufacturer (Beckman Coulter) The extinction coefficient under the conditions ... using standard conditions described in the text Results are expressed as the percentage of activity with no addition of solvent Standard error for all experiments is less than 5% of the value ... toward medium and long chain esters of pNP Maximal reaction temperature is 55 °C and LipA shows strong activity in the presence of metals, inhibitors, and organic solvents Based on these properties, ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... Proof of Main Theorems We begin with the proof of Theorem 1: Proof of Theorem Assume m3 = 1, M = m1 + m2 + Let F (m1 , m2 ), G(m1 , m2 ) be as in (5), (6) Suppose F (m1 , m2 ) > G(m1 , m2 ) Then ... m1 + m2 + m3 is the total mass The homotopy class of the ˜ ˜ projection αφ of αφ in V \ Δ over t ∈ [0, 1] is one of the two generators for ˜ \ Δ) The left side of Figure depicts the path α over ... turns out that the actions of these orbits over one period depend only on the masses and the period, not on eccentricity From this point of view the collision-ejection orbits and other elliptical...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 07:20

... combinations of degenerate and specific primers and by rescreening the cDNA libraries The partial clones of XHIVEP2 and -3 covered 5.9 and 3.2 kb of the respective 3¢ ends and included 3¢-UTRs and poly(A)-tails ... representation of the full length XHIVEP1 and the Myc-tagged (MT) deletion mutants Black and white boxes indicate the position of the Znf domains and the serine-rich stripe, respectively The relative ... bold The position of the terminal amino acid for the depicted sequence is indicated to the right (Fig 6B, compare lanes and with and 6) Mutation of the GAGA motif only slightly altered the ZAS-N...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... PP-immunoreactive cells Insulin is synthesized in the B cells of the pancreatic islets and regulates the serum glucose levels (Hsu and Crump, 1989) The regional distribution and relative frequency of the insulin-immunoreactive ... synthesized in the A cells of the pancreas and regulates glucose levels in the blood (Hsu and Crump, 1989) Morphologically similar cells are also observed in the digestive tract of the dog The regional ... in the central, mantle and the peripheral regions by their cellular composition The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the principal islets of two species of teleostean...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:23