... dimensions of environmental variables loses desirable topological properties This argues for the necessity of careful selection of a small set of environmental variables Environmental data collections ... definition of the niche as environmental envelopes around all ecologically relevant variables is equivalent to a box topology A proof is offered that the Hutchinsonian environmental envelope definition ... 4.3.1 Species space 4.3.2 Environmental space 4.3.3 Topological generalizations 4.3.4 Geographic space 4.3.5 Relationships 4.4 Environmental envelope 4.4.1 Relevant...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20
... environmental envelopes led to some improvements, an essential component was missing in S In the Hutchinsonian niche, the environmental envelope of a species can only take values of or Environmental ... [Hut58] Here that set of environmental characteristics where a species is capable of surviving was described as a ‘hypervolume’ of an n-dimensional shape in n environmental variables This is ... Group, LLC 48 Niche Modeling • one, an unbroken interval on the axis of an environmental variable, representing the environmental limits of survival of the species, • two, a rectangle, • three,...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20
Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 8 docx
... calibration range, one expects the model to have no skill at predicting outside that range as it is based on entirely random numbers Here we are comparing the results achieved from comparing a number...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20
Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 9 pdf
... inverted ‘U’), and • cubic Such non-linear models represent the full range of growth responses based on knowledge of the species physiological and ecological responses, is basic to niche modeling, ... solution Figure 9.4 shows the theoretical quadratic growth response to a periodically fluctuating environmental principle such as temperature The solid lines are the growth responses for three trees ... temperature trend Figure 9.5 shows the theoretical growth response to two slightly out of phase environmental drivers, e.g temperature and rainfall) where the response function is the limiting factor...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20
Niche Modeling: Predictions From Statistical Distributions - Chapter 10 ppt
... available natural series exhibit scaling behavior, it also shows how inappropriate error models based on the classical (IID) statistical model are In all cases the Hurst coefficient H is as high...
Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20
Statistical size distributions in economics & actuarial sciences (2003)
... possibly utopian promise of total economic equality for close to billion Chinese and a guaranteed iron bowl” of rice for every citizen totally receded into the background over the next 30 years ... fact that empirically the values of parameter a remain “stable” if not constant (see Table 1.1 based on the fitting of his equations for widely diverse economies such as semifeudal Prussia, Victorian ... &ð x ' f(z) dz : z À f(z) This approach requires selecting the average f(x) and its parameters based on the empirical data The method was later refined by D’Addario (1969) and rechecked by Guerrieri...
Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:36
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Generating statistical language models from interpretation grammars in dialogue systems" potx
... in-grammar performance We also created two other simple SLMs: a class -based one (with the classes Song, Artist and Radiostation) and a model based on a variant of the MP3 corpus where the utterances in ... use this corpus and adapt the resulting SLM to the domain One may assume that the resulting SLM based on a large corpus with a good mixture of topics should be able to capture at least a part ... and a newspaper corpus to adapt these to our MP3 domain We will consider several different SLMs based on the corpus generated from the GF interpretation grammar and compare their recognition performance...
Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Syntax-to-Morphology Mapping in Factored Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation from English to Turkish" ppt
... tags based on syntactic structure A similar approach based on supertagging was proposed by Hassan et al (2007) They used both CCG supertags and LTAG supertags in Arabic-to-English phrase -based ... of hundreds of inflected variants, standard word -based alignment approaches suffer from sparseness issues Koehn (2005) applied standard phrase -based SMT to Finnish using the Europarl corpus and ... work and situates our approach We assume that the reader is familiar with the basics of phrase -based statistical machine translation (Koehn et al., 2003) and factored statistical machine translation...
Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers: correcting the surface dependency approximation" pptx
... and ordering of phases is consistent with the syntactic theory upon which treebank annotation is based For example, WSJ annotates relative clauses lacking overt relative pronouns, such as the SBAR ... dislocated element identification Likewise, dislocated elements can serve as controllers of control loci, based on their originating site, so it is sensible (a) Determine nodes at which to insert null COMP ... controller for a given node N, or an insertion position for a node N in N, we use a competition -based setting, using a binary classification (yes/no for association with N) on each node in the...
Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22
Báo cáo khoa học: "Power-Law Distributions for Paraphrases Extracted from Bilingual Corpora" pdf
... Affinity Measures based on the Graph Laplacian Proc Textgraphs Workshop on Graphbased Algorithms for NLP at COLING, pp 41–48 George U Yule 1925 A Mathematical Theory of Evolution, based on the Conclusions ... namely to as many clusters as there are phrases At each iteration, new clusters are constructed based on the identification of the argmin of the cost function for each phrase, which gradually reduces ... of phrases is chosen for soft clustering Both selections are done conservatively with criteria based on the properties of the cost functions The formation of clusters leads to a natural refinement...
Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Are These Documents Written from Different Perspectives? A Test of Different Perspectives Based On Statistical Distribution Divergence" ppt
... very valuable to information analysts We first review the relevant work in Section We take a model -based approach to develop a computational definition of different perspectives We first develop statistical ... in Section In Section 5, we evaluate how effective the proposed test of difference perspectives based on statistical distribution The experimental results show that the distribution divergence ... can interpret a text from conservative or liberal ideologies In this paper we take a statistics -based approach, which is very different from previous work that rely very much on manually-constructed...
Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20
Báo cáo khoa học: "Bootstrapping Statistical Parsers from Small Datasets" pptx
... a normalized version of fpro b which does not penalize longer sentences, and a scoring function based on the entropy of the probability distribution over all parses returned by the parser Other ... include selecting examples that one parser scored highly and another parser scored lowly, and methods based on disagreements on the label between the two parsers These methods build on the idea that...
Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20
Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article Statistical Real-time Model for Performance Prediction of Ship Detection from Microsatellite Electro-Optical Imagers" docx
... for simulating performance of spaceborne EO sensors with large GSD in a maritime environment Our approach is based on the one described in [3, 4], where real-time capabilities are obtained by ... this idea was developed for land-cover scene modeling using hyperspectral sensors In a maritime environment, a very first attempt to model sea pixels with a pdf was described in [5] for LWIR airborne ... Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum [14], that is, P(k) = P(ω(k)) = 4.1 Open-Sea Surface Modeling Our model is based on the model presented in [12, 13] In realistic sea surface models, we consider three classes...
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20
Báo cáo hóa học: " From Matched Spatial Filtering towards the Fused Statistical Descriptive Regularization Method for Enhanced Radar Imaging" pot
... 2002, CD ROM [4] Y Shkvarko, “Estimation of wavefield power distribution in the remotely sensed environment: Bayesian maximum entropy approach,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol 50, no ... Remote Sensing, vol 42, no 5, pp 932–940, 2004 [16] R C Puetter, “Information, language, and pixon -based image reconstruction,” in Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis III, vol 2827 of Proceedings ... Villalon-Turrubiates, “Intelligent processing of remote sensing imagery for decision support in environmental resource management: a neural computing paradigm,” in Proceedings of Information Resource...
Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20
Báo cáo y học: "A statistical approach for detecting genomic aberrations in heterogeneous tumor samples from single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data" pot
... method Genome Alteration Print [23], based on pattern recognition heuristics, has been developed to manage both these highly important issues in SNP array based cancer analysis Our approach differs ... is not a subject we treat in detail in this article In this paper, our examples Page of 15 are based on the Illumina platform and we primarily use the default normalization offered by Illumina’s ... in the B allele frequencies that inform us of the baseline error, and variation in the intensity -based LRR does not yield this information on its own Figure Illustrating the statistical model (a)...
Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23
Báo cáo y học: "Results from the national sepsis practice survey: predictions about mortality and morbidity and recommendations for limitation of care orders" docx
... communications with families Case -based vignettes are a simulated clinical situation and may not reflect predictions made about real patients However, vignette -based studies have been found to ... stage II: ACCP evidence -based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition) Chest 2007, 132:234S-242S Knaus WA: APACHE 1978–2001: the development of a quality assurance system based on prognosis: milestones ... and direction to those including DNR as a limitation of care Table Predicted hospital mortality, based on clinical factors in study vignettes Vignette characteristics Predicted 'baseline' hospital...
Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21
Báo cáo y học: "inferring steady state single-cell gene expression distributions from analysis of mesoscopic samples" docx
... polymerase (DNA directed), eta (POLH); zinc finger, CCHC domain containing (ZCCHC7) We based our gene selection based on 'known' levels of expression (ACTB and GAPDH are oft-cited examples of highly ... into low, medium and high expression groups based on quartiles (the lowest quartile was discarded) We selected candidate genes from these three groups based on information found in the literature ... R119.2 Genome Biology 2006, Volume 7, Issue 12, Article R119 Mar et al developed a microfluidic -based assay to observe proteins being produced in real-time inside a living cell They provide experimental...
Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22
How to setup a Linux system that can boot directly from a software RAID
Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:11