introduction to plasma sources

introduction to plasma physics graduate level course

introduction to plasma physics graduate level course

... dynamos: edited by M.R.E Proctor, and A.D Gilbert (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1994) 1.2 What is plasma? INTRODUCTION Introduction to plasma physics: R.J Goldston, and P Rutherford (Institute ... 228 229 235 237 INTRODUCTION Introduction 1.1 Sources The major sources for this course are: The theory of plasma waves: T.H Stix, 1st edition (McGraw-Hill, New York NY, 1962) Plasma physics: ... Contents Introduction 1.1 Sources 1.2 What is plasma? 1.3 A brief history of plasma physics 1.4 Basic parameters 1.5 The plasma frequency 1.6...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 17:39

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the fourth state of matter an introduction to plasma science - eliezer

the fourth state of matter an introduction to plasma science - eliezer

... the momentum to knock a proton out of its place in the atom Even an electron (with its small mass) was too light to so Any radiation capable of knocking a proton out of an atom had to consist of ... TO PLASMA in modern terms It is the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus, while the atomic number is just the number of protons Today’s accepted structure of the atom is that the atom ... the Debye length to be increased The temperature causes the plasma pressure to increase, which in turn compels the plasma to expand The Coulomb force tends to keep the plasma together Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:59

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An introduction to disk drive modeling

An introduction to disk drive modeling

... cylinder skewing and sector-based sparing with one spare sector per track This needs to be accounted for in mapping logical blocks to the physical sectors Adding all these factors results in the ... 97560 sector size 256 bytes 512 bytes cylinders 1449 1962 tracks per cylinder 19 data sectors per track 113 72 number of zones 1 track skew 34 sectors sectors cylinder skew 43 sectors 18 sectors ... specifications, since the only alternative is to determine them experimentally The information required to determine how much power to apply to the pivot motor and for how long on a particular seek...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 14:16

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C++ - I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes

C++ - I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes

... beginning to the end (for now)    No backing up to read something again (OK to start over) Just as done from the keyboard Writing to a file  Sending output to a file  Done from beginning to end ... fails, it is generally best to stop the program The function exit, halts a program  exit returns its argument to the operating system  exit causes program execution to stop  exit is NOT a member ... flag is an instruction to one of two options ios::fixed is a flag Will be written in fixed-point notation, the way we normally expect to see numbers Calls to setf apply only to the stream named...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 22:49

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Introduction to Digital Signal Processing and Filter Design

Introduction to Digital Signal Processing and Filter Design

... using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors They used no resistors and inductors, and the whole circuit was fabricated by the 20 INTRODUCTION very large scale integration ... may have to tune each of them to correct for manufacturing tolerances, but there is no such need to test the accuracy of the wordlength in digital filters Data on digital filters can be stored on ... the ability to understand the solution to the problems is important but understanding the theory behind them is far more important The following paragraphs are addressed to the instructors teaching...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:21

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Introduction to Wireless Communications

Introduction to Wireless Communications

... software that helps identify other Bluetooth devices Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (continued) Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (continued) • Bluetooth – Distance: up to 33 feet (10 meters) – Bandwidth: ... Freedom to move about without being tethered by wires – Permits many industries to shift toward an increasingly mobile workforce – Gives team-based workers the ability to access the network resources ... Used to transmit data over very long distance • Repeater – Located in the satellite itself – Simply “repeats” the same signal to another location – Used to transmit data from one earth station to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:52

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An Introduction to Software Engineering

An Introduction to Software Engineering

... developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market Software products may be • •  Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g PC software such ... systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available ©Ian Sommerville ... systems that are intended to provide automated support for software process activities CASE systems are often used for method support Upper-CASE  Lower-CASE   • • Tools to support the early process...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2012, 11:26

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A simple introduction to working with LVM

A simple introduction to working with LVM

... let me know Closing Comments If you're ready to make the jump to LVM and don't have a lot of space handy for allocating to LVM then it might make sense to reinstall your system The Debian installer ... you really want to remove active logical volume "test"? [y/n]: y Logical volume "test" successfully removed Other userful commands include lvrename to change the name, and lvreduce to reduce the ... volumes What we really want to is create logical volumes which we can mount and actually use In the future if we run out of space on this volume we can resize it to gain more storage Depending on the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:12

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Cambridge.University.Press.An.Introduction.to.Law.and.Regulation.Text.and.Materials.Apr.2007.pdf

Cambridge.University.Press.An.Introduction.to.Law.and.Regulation.Text.and.Materials.Apr.2007.pdf

... regulatory tools and techniques is to advocate combining techniques rather than relying upon any single instrument: an approach often referred to as a ‘regulatory toolbox’ approach As the toolbox ... invoking the expansion of choice available to citizens Yet both failed to give credence to the incapacity of particular sectors of the Introduction community to avail themselves of essential commodities, ... designed to redistribute resources from one group to another Some respond to a widely held or easily defended view that the benefited groups have a legitimate claim to the relevant resources Statutes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

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Cambridge.University.Press.An.Introduction.to.the.Philosophy.of.Mind.Jan.2000.pdf

Cambridge.University.Press.An.Introduction.to.the.Philosophy.of.Mind.Jan.2000.pdf

... philosophers of mind tend to distort or oversimplify the historical Descartes’s views, but this is not the place for me to engage with them over that issue 10 An introduction to the philosophy of ... about this Secondly, if they mean to abandon reasoned argument altogether, even in defence of their own position, then I have Introduction nothing more to say to them because they have excluded ... in which these topics are covered has been deliberately chosen so as to enable the reader to build upon the understanding gained from earlier chapters in getting to grips with the topics of later...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

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Cambridge.University.Press.The.Cambridge.Introduction.to.Modern.British.Fiction.1950-2000.Apr.2002.pdf

Cambridge.University.Press.The.Cambridge.Introduction.to.Modern.British.Fiction.1950-2000.Apr.2002.pdf

... feels obliged to take If to permit the expression of humanity is to tolerate the antisocial expression of youth power, this might also be to allow the rapists into your own home, into the writer’s ... to flee to the US to escape the totalitarian state that may result from the continuing appeasement of Hitler As a consequence, there is a mood of ‘dissolution’ in which private miseries seem to ... girlfriend he refuses to marry) convey an attachment to place that belies his stated intention to emigrate In this way Cooper manages to play two contexts off against each other: historical hindsight...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 11:00

317 851 3
An introduction to franchising

An introduction to franchising

... staff, resources and trained personnel to meet its commitment to you? ■ Do you feel the franchisor has the appropriate temperament to operate a franchise system? 36 An Introduction To Franchising ... distributorships ✔ licensing PRODUCER EMPLOYEE PRODUCER/ SELLER PRODUCER/ LICENSOR INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTOR LICENSEE PRODUCER/ FRANCHISOR FRANCHISEE CUSTOMERS In a distributorship, the distributor ... are similar to franchises, and vice versa A franchisee with a great deal of leeway in how to run the business may look like an independent distributor A distributor may be subject to many controls...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2012, 15:42

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Introduction to fluid mechanics - P1

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P1

... origin of the ship is not clear, but it is easy to imagine the course of progress from log to raft, from manual propulsion to sails, and from river to ocean navigation The Phoenicians and Egyptians ... used by a citizen in those days is said to be approximately 180litres Today, the amount of water used per capita per day in an average household is said to be approximately 240 litres Therefore, ... the history of the city water system is very old But in the development process of city water systems, in order to transport water effectively, the shape and size of the water conduit had to be...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

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Introduction to fluid mechanics - P2

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P2

... only too well known There are so many scientific terms named after Newton (Newton's rings and Newton's law of motion/ viscosity/resistance) that he can be regarded as the greatest contributor to ... 14.21 15.12 16.04 16.98 Stokes’ equation, to be stated in Section 9.3.3, is utilised for measuring the viscosity, it is named after him), while its 1/ 100th part is cSt (centistokes) Thus I s t = ... tension 13 sensitivity to temperature is expressed by the viscosity index VI,' a non-dimensional number A VI of 100 is assigned to the least temperature sensitive oil and to the most sensitive...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

14 434 0
Introduction to fluid mechanics - P3

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P3

... (3.26) into (3.25) to calculate y, (3.27) Parallel a x b theorem: The moment of inertia with respect to any axis equals the sum of the moment of inertia with respect to the axis parallel to this ... to water pressure, such as the bank of a dam, the sluice gate of a dam or the wall of a water tank? How large must the torque be to open the sluice gate of a dam? What is the force required to ... metre Torr Pa bar mH,O atm mHg torr Pa = N/m2 bar = 0.1 MPa mH,O = 806.65 Pa atm = 101 325Pa mHg = 1/0.76 atm torr = 1mmHg 3.1.2 Absolute pressure and gauge pressure There are two methods used to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

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Introduction to fluid mechanics - P4

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P4

... we had to trust mainly to Rankine's text books Occasionally in the higher classes he would forget all about having to lecture and after waiting for ten minutes or so, we sent the janitor to tell ... formula or other and say it was wrong He then went up to the blackboard to prove this He wrote on the board with his back to us, talking to himself, and every now and then rubbed it all out and ... liquid makes a rotary ’In general, vector with the following components x, y, z for vector V (components x, y, z are u, v, w) is called the rotation or curl of vector V, which can be written as rot...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

14 444 0
Introduction to fluid mechanics - P5

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P5

... the top of the steep slope, and it increases towards the bottom This is because the potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases at the top, and the opposite occurs at the bottom However, ... simply be caught with a glove A moving automobile, however, is difficult to stop in a short time (Fig 5.16) Therefore, the velocity is not sufficient to study the effects of bodily motion, but ... right angles to the jet is F,, = F cos = pQv sin cos (5.37) Then the flow rate along the flat plate separates into Q1 and Q2 Let us obtain the change in the ratio of Q, to Q2 according to the inclined...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

27 453 0
Introduction to fluid mechanics - P6

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P6

... it is found that the shearing stress due to the turbulent flow is proportional to pu’u’ Reynolds, by substituting u = ti u’, u = u’ into the Navier-Stokes equation, performed an averaging operation ... chimney introduction of is replaced in eqn (6.40) to produce a computable fluctuating quantity At this stage, however, Prandtl came to a standstill That is, unless some concreteness was given to 1, ... assumes the body to be larger by 6* produces a result nearest to reality Also, the momentum thickness equates the momentum decrease per unit time due to the existence of the body wall to the momentum...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

29 397 0
Introduction to fluid mechanics - P7

Introduction to fluid mechanics - P7

... is the total loss factor, and [ is the loss factor due to the bend effect The values of are shown in Table 7.1 ' In a bend, secondary flow is produced as shown in the figure owing to the introduction ... British texts use in this equation Since friction factor f = 1/4,it is f essential to check the definition to which a value of friction factor refers The symbol used is not a reliable guide 116 ... 0.095 0.10 0.23 bend In a bend, in addition to the head loss due to pipe friction, a loss due to the change in flow direction is also produced The total head loss hb is expressed by the following...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

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