introduction to gas discharges

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:40

... Regimes 36 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Collisional regimes: generalities 37 2.3 Pure gases: equilibrium regimes 38 2.3.1 Monatomic gases 39 2.3.2 Diatomic gases 41 vi CONTENTS 2.4 Pure diatomic gases: general ... applications of the results 50 2.6 Gas mixtures: equilibrium regimes 50 2.6.1 Mixtures of monatomic gases 50 2.6.2 Mixtures of diatomic gases 51 2.7 Mixtures of diatomic gases in vibrational non-equilibrium ... First-order solutions 69 3.3.1 Pure gases with elastic collisions: monatomic gases 70 3.3.2 Pure diatomic gases with one internal mode 75 3.3.3 Pure diatomic gases with two internal modes 82 Appendix...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:24

... sensitive to GOR (Gas Oil Ratio) where gas over 10% dramatically lowers efficiency 3.6.3 Gas lift A gas lift injects gas into the well flow The downhole reservoir pressure falls off to the wellhead ... the gas to bubble out, water to settle at the bottom and oil to be taken out in the middle The pressure is often reduced in several stages (high pressure separator, low pressure 11 separator ... recycled to the third stage separator 42 4.3 Gas treatment and compression The gas train consists of several stages, each taking gas from a suitable pressure level in the production separator's gas...

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2014, 22:31

... cylinder skewing and sector-based sparing with one spare sector per track This needs to be accounted for in mapping logical blocks to the physical sectors Adding all these factors results in the ... 97560 sector size 256 bytes 512 bytes cylinders 1449 1962 tracks per cylinder 19 data sectors per track 113 72 number of zones 1 track skew 34 sectors sectors cylinder skew 43 sectors 18 sectors ... specifications, since the only alternative is to determine them experimentally The information required to determine how much power to apply to the pivot motor and for how long on a particular seek...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 14:16

... beginning to the end (for now)    No backing up to read something again (OK to start over) Just as done from the keyboard Writing to a file  Sending output to a file  Done from beginning to end ... fails, it is generally best to stop the program The function exit, halts a program  exit returns its argument to the operating system  exit causes program execution to stop  exit is NOT a member ... flag is an instruction to one of two options ios::fixed is a flag Will be written in fixed-point notation, the way we normally expect to see numbers Calls to setf apply only to the stream named...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 22:49

... using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors They used no resistors and inductors, and the whole circuit was fabricated by the 20 INTRODUCTION very large scale integration ... may have to tune each of them to correct for manufacturing tolerances, but there is no such need to test the accuracy of the wordlength in digital filters Data on digital filters can be stored on ... the ability to understand the solution to the problems is important but understanding the theory behind them is far more important The following paragraphs are addressed to the instructors teaching...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:21

... software that helps identify other Bluetooth devices Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (continued) Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (continued) • Bluetooth – Distance: up to 33 feet (10 meters) – Bandwidth: ... (continued) Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band • Radio frequency identification device (RFID) tags – Small chips containing radio transponders • Can be used to track inventory • Bluetooth and Ultra ... Used to transmit data over very long distance • Repeater – Located in the satellite itself – Simply “repeats” the same signal to another location – Used to transmit data from one earth station to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:52

... developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market Software products may be • •  Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g PC software such ... systems that are intended to provide automated support for software process activities CASE systems are often used for method support Upper-CASE  Lower-CASE   • • Tools to support the early process ... engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2012, 11:26

... let me know Closing Comments If you're ready to make the jump to LVM and don't have a lot of space handy for allocating to LVM then it might make sense to reinstall your system The Debian installer ... you really want to remove active logical volume "test"? [y/n]: y Logical volume "test" successfully removed Other userful commands include lvrename to change the name, and lvreduce to reduce the ... volumes What we really want to is create logical volumes which we can mount and actually use In the future if we run out of space on this volume we can resize it to gain more storage Depending on the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:12

... regulatory tools and techniques is to advocate combining techniques rather than relying upon any single instrument: an approach often referred to as a ‘regulatory toolbox’ approach As the toolbox ... invoking the expansion of choice available to citizens Yet both failed to give credence to the incapacity of particular sectors of the Introduction community to avail themselves of essential commodities, ... regulatory agencies and legislative actors in order to secure regulatory benefits, systems theorists might focus on the way in which the economic and political systems communicate (or fail to communicate)...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

... philosophers of mind tend to distort or oversimplify the historical Descartes’s views, but this is not the place for me to engage with them over that issue 10 An introduction to the philosophy of ... about this Secondly, if they mean to abandon reasoned argument altogether, even in defence of their own position, then I have Introduction nothing more to say to them because they have excluded ... in which these topics are covered has been deliberately chosen so as to enable the reader to build upon the understanding gained from earlier chapters in getting to grips with the topics of later...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

... feels obliged to take If to permit the expression of humanity is to tolerate the antisocial expression of youth power, this might also be to allow the rapists into your own home, into the writer’s ... to flee to the US to escape the totalitarian state that may result from the continuing appeasement of Hitler As a consequence, there is a mood of ‘dissolution’ in which private miseries seem to ... girlfriend he refuses to marry) convey an attachment to place that belies his stated intention to emigrate In this way Cooper manages to play two contexts off against each other: historical hindsight...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 11:00

... franchisor and franchise system to the prospective franchisee An Introduction To Franchising THE IFA EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO FRANCHISING? In addition to franchising, there are ... distributorships ✔ licensing PRODUCER EMPLOYEE PRODUCER/ SELLER PRODUCER/ LICENSOR INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTOR LICENSEE PRODUCER/ FRANCHISOR FRANCHISEE CUSTOMERS In a distributorship, the distributor ... are similar to franchises, and vice versa A franchisee with a great deal of leeway in how to run the business may look like an independent distributor A distributor may be subject to many controls...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2012, 15:42

... origin of the ship is not clear, but it is easy to imagine the course of progress from log to raft, from manual propulsion to sails, and from river to ocean navigation The Phoenicians and Egyptians ... used by a citizen in those days is said to be approximately 180litres Today, the amount of water used per capita per day in an average household is said to be approximately 240 litres Therefore, ... the history of the city water system is very old But in the development process of city water systems, in order to transport water effectively, the shape and size of the water conduit had to be...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

... only too well known There are so many scientific terms named after Newton (Newton's rings and Newton's law of motion/ viscosity/resistance) that he can be regarded as the greatest contributor to ... of state of the gas, and v = l/p (SI) as shown in eqn (2.3) The value and unit of R varies as given in Table 2.5 A gas subject to eqn (2.14) is called a perfect gas or an ideal gas Strictly speaking, ... speaking, all real gases are not perfect gases However, any gas at a considerably higher temperature than its liquefied temperature may be regarded as approximating to a perfect gas Fig 2.10 State...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

... (3.26) into (3.25) to calculate y, (3.27) Parallel a x b theorem: The moment of inertia with respect to any axis equals the sum of the moment of inertia with respect to the axis parallel to this ... to water pressure, such as the bank of a dam, the sluice gate of a dam or the wall of a water tank? How large must the torque be to open the sluice gate of a dam? What is the force required to ... metre Torr Pa bar mH,O atm mHg torr Pa = N/m2 bar = 0.1 MPa mH,O = 806.65 Pa atm = 101 325Pa mHg = 1/0.76 atm torr = 1mmHg 3.1.2 Absolute pressure and gauge pressure There are two methods used to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

... we had to trust mainly to Rankine's text books Occasionally in the higher classes he would forget all about having to lecture and after waiting for ten minutes or so, we sent the janitor to tell ... formula or other and say it was wrong He then went up to the blackboard to prove this He wrote on the board with his back to us, talking to himself, and every now and then rubbed it all out and ... liquid makes a rotary ’In general, vector with the following components x, y, z for vector V (components x, y, z are u, v, w) is called the rotation or curl of vector V, which can be written as rot...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

... the top of the steep slope, and it increases towards the bottom This is because the potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases at the top, and the opposite occurs at the bottom However, ... flow, p becomes unknown, too So by adding a third equation of state for a perfect gas (2.14), a solution can be obtained Equation ( ) is integrated with respect to s to obtain a relationship ... steering in addition to hydraulics The famous Pitot tube was announced in 1732 as a device to measure flow velocity Q = A2v2= (5.15) J - (A2/4) In the case where the flowing fluid is a gas, pl - p2 is...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59

... it is found that the shearing stress due to the turbulent flow is proportional to pu’u’ Reynolds, by substituting u = ti u’, u = u’ into the Navier-Stokes equation, performed an averaging operation ... chimney introduction of is replaced in eqn (6.40) to produce a computable fluctuating quantity At this stage, however, Prandtl came to a standstill That is, unless some concreteness was given to 1, ... assumes the body to be larger by 6* produces a result nearest to reality Also, the momentum thickness equates the momentum decrease per unit time due to the existence of the body wall to the momentum...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2012, 10:59