introduction to a philosophy paper example

... explanation of this involves the fact that causation is a transitive relation. Causation is transitive inas- much as if a state S 1 is a cause of a state S 2 , and S 2 is a cause of a state S 3 , ... Contentsviii 4Mentalcontent69 Propositions70 Thecausalrelevanceofcontent74 Theindividuationofcontent79 Externalisminthephilosophyofmind82 Broadversusnarrowcontent84 Content,representationandcausality89 Misrepresentationandnormality92 Theteleologicalapproachtorepresentation95 Objectionstoateleologicalaccountofmentalcontent99 Conclusions100 5Sensationandappearance102 Appearanceandreality103 Sense-datumtheoriesandtheargumentfromillusion107 Otherargumentsforsense-data110 Objectionstosense-datumtheories112 Theadverbialtheoryofsensation114 Theadverbialtheoryandsense-data116 Primaryandsecondaryqualities119 Sense-datumtheoriesandtheprimary/secondarydistinction121 Anadverbialversionoftheprimary/secondarydistinction125 Docolour-propertiesreallyexist?126 Conclusions128 6Perception130 Perceptualexperienceandperceptualcontent131 Perceptualcontent,appearanceandqualia135 Perceptionandcausation137 Objectionstocausaltheoriesofperception143 Thedisjunctive theoryofperception 145 Thecomputationalandecologicalapproachestoperception149 Consciousness,experienceand‘blindsight’155 Conclusions158 7Thoughtandlanguage160 Modesofmentalrepresentation162 The‘languageofthought’hypothesis164 Analogueversusdigitalrepresentation167 Imaginationandmentalimagery169 Thoughtandcommunication175 Doanimalsthink?178 Naturallanguageandconceptualschemes183 ... that, because Cartesian dualism regards mental states as states of a wholly non- physical substance, it faces grave difficulties in maintaining that such states are causes and effects of physical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

... rather that of metaphysics. Some people believe that the age of metaphysics is past and that what metaphysicians aspire to achieve is an imposs- ible dream. They claim that it is an illusion to ... mental and physical states. Then, in chapters 3 and 4, I move on to discuss certain gen- eral theories of the nature of mental states and some attempts to explain how mental states can have content ... they raise against it. For to say that reality is inaccessible to us or that there is no reality independent of our beliefs is just to make a meta- physical claim. And if they reply by admitting...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... yet we also seem to be somewhat at a loss to explain how propositional content, thus conceived, could have any causal relevance to physical behavi- 6 The idea of a brain code, or ‘language of ... that structure mal- functioning – as when a heart fails to pump blood in the way that it should. If a monkey were to make an eagle-call in the presence of a child’s kite rather than a real eagle, ... Notice that we are already talking here about a system of representation – one which we can reasonably suppose to have an evolutionary origin. What entitles us to say, though, that a certain type...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... of account is intended to apply not only to what we have been calling ‘attitudinal’ states, but also to what we might call sensational states, such as pain and nausea. To be in pain – for example, ... colour qualia. (‘Qualia’ is the plural form of the singular noun ‘quale’.) There is a certain danger attached to speaking in this way of visual qualia: namely, the danger that we may be tempted to reify ... functionalism contends that all that is required for certain states of an object to qualify as mental states of certain types is that those states should stand in appropriate causal relations to each...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... sense-data – visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, or haptic sense-data. An adverbial theorist would say, correspondingly, that per- ceptual experiences of different sensory modalities are char- acterised ... distinguish, in particular, between the ‘computational’ approach and the ‘ecological’ approach. According to the computational approach, a perceptual system – such as the human visual system – can be thought of ... in what follows. (However, much of what I have to say about it could be adapted quite straightforwardly to apply equally to situation-perception.) Causal analyses of object-perception maintain that...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... language runtime uses metadata. Definition of Metadata Metadata is a set of data tables, which fully describe every element that is defined in a module. This information can include data ... that pertain to later modules. Encourage students to start reading the .NET Framework SDK documentation. Key Points String literals in an application are stored and transported as clear ... contain a manifest and cannot be executed by the common language runtime. A managed module can be added to an assembly by the C# compiler, or by using the .NET’s Assembly Generation Tool, Al.exe....

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Ngày tải lên: 10/06/2014, 21:30

... this: can create a dedicated /home partition using LVM - and if I need more space I can extend it. In this example hda1, hda2, and hda3 are all physical volumes. We'll initialize hda3 as a physical ... howto, lvm The logical volume manager allows you to create and manage the storage of your servers in a very useful manner; adding, removing, and resizing partitions on demand. Getting started ... I've missed one you're familiar with please do let me know. Closing Comments If you're ready to make the jump to LVM and don't have a lot of space handy for allocating to...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:12

... makes it unnecessary for him to have what afterwards appears as the discus- sion of essence. The qualifications ascribed to Being are, as we noted, taken directly from Kant. Hegel seems to have ... mystical sense he regarded as an ultimate principle of explanation in religion, and found in it all that was characteristic of reason,—unity, and harmony of oppo- sites. Love, in fact, was the “analogue” ... Logic/19 face independently the actual problems of philosophy as they appeared to his own time; he began also to direct his attention to the history of philosophy, and thus to call in the aid of past...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 15:51

... SwingApplication { private TournamentMatchManager tournamentMatchManager; public SwingApplication(TournamentMatchManager tournamentMatchManager) { this.tournamentMatchManager = tournamentMatchManager; /* ... 10:05 AM Page 11 JdbcMatchDao matchDao = new JdbcMatchDao(); matchDao.setDataSource(dataSource); DefaultTournamentMatchManager tournamentMatchManager = new DefaultTournamentMatchManager(); tournamentMatchManager.setMatchDao(matchDao); new ... com.apress.springbook.chapter01.DefaultTournamentMatchManager; public class SwingApplication { private DefaultTournamentMatchManager tournamentMatchManager; public SwingApplication(DefaultTournamentMatchManager tournamentMatchManager)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 04:20

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