... one net advantages: the tax relief on debt interest Behind the use of WACC (the average ofthe costs of these sources of financing) as the NPV discount rate is the assumption of an unchanging capital ... gearing Two of these, the advantage of debt being ‘cheaper’ than equity and the disadvantage ofthe cost of equity rising because of increase financial risk, exactly offset each other This leaves ... other 2- Accounting rate of return (ARR) The rate of return on an investment that is calculated by taking the total cash inflow over the life ofthe investment and dividing it by the number of...
... solutions of 3.60 Clearly α t and β t are not the solutions of 3.60 and α t < β t , t ∈ 0, Also, the assumptions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied Thus, the conclusion of Theorem 3.1 applies to the problem ... F f φ Then, the convergence ofthe sequence {αn } of approximate solutions (obtained in Theorem 3.1) is quadratic Proof Let us set en pen − qen x t − αn t 1 t ≥ so that en ηi , satisfies the boundary ... solutions of 3.16 Hence by Theorems 2.2 and 2.3, there exists a unique solution α1 of 3.16 such that α0 ≤ α1 ≤ β t , α1 ≤ M1 , t ∈ 0, 3.18 Boundary Value Problems Note that the uniqueness of the...
... a contradiction to the definition of t0 , so u t ≤ β t , for any t ∈ T1 , T2 Proofs of main results In this section, we will deal with the proofs of main results Proof of Theorem 1.1 From Lemmas ... is bounded By virtue of Schauder fixed point theorem, Φf u has at least one fixed point u in Cc,d Then, u is a solution of SBVP with 1.1 This completes the proof Proof of Theorem 1.2 Let d with ... Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol 2008, Article ID 279306, pages, 2008 18 V V Zhikov, “Averaging of functionals ofthe calculus of variations and elasticity theory,” Mathematics of the...
... Correlation ofthe dipole moment with the Hammett constants ofthe substituents It is evident from the table II that electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring increase the pKa of anilines ... substituents enhance planarity ofthe aniline framework, thereby shortening d(CN) The accompanying loss of electron density from the amino nitrogen atom decreases the pKa ofthe amino group Conversely, ... HyperChem software 7.52 to study the influence of substituents on some properties of compounds II Methods Hammett constants for the substituents were taken from [8] The pKa values for the aniline...
... yields the best number of stages and the proper transistor sizes to realize the minimum delay The path delay D is the sum ofthe delays of each ofthe stages of logic in the path As in the expression ... independent ofthe size ofthe transistors in the circuit The electrical effort h describes how the electrical environment ofthe logic gate affects performance and how the size ofthe transistors in the ... gate The branching effort B is the product ofthe branching effort at each stage along the path The electrical effort H is the ratio ofthe 23 1.5 Summary oftheMethod Table 1.4 Summary of terms...
... = − π L 0 L For the following PDEs, what ODEs are implied by themethodof separation of variables ? Solution : We can use themethodof separation of variables to find the following ODEs ... ∂r Inthe methodof separation of var iables , we will find solutions in the product form c) u (r , t ) = φ ( r ) G ( t ) where φ ( r ) is only a function of r and G ( t ) is a function of t We ... From the equation u ( x, t ) = φ ( x ) G ( t ) where φ ( x ) is only a function of x and G ( t ) is a function of t We will get sec ond partial derivetive of u ( x, t ) with respect to t and the...
... [CheLi91], the latter method is a variant ofthe former one As far as we know, this method was used by Li and Zhu in [LiZhu95] A prior to the work by Li and Zhu, to make use ofthemethodof moving ... this new method to (1.1) since the HardyLittlewood-Sobolev inequality does not work due to the presence ofthe negative exponent q The primary aim of this note is to reformulate themethodof moving ... Following themethodof moving spheres by Li and Zhu, Zhang and Hao first introduced the integral form ofthemethodof moving spheres in [ZhaHao08] to provide a new proof for [CheLiOu06, Theorem...
... Finally, we underline that the earlier methods of evaluating the fractal dimension of limit sets of two-dimensional NSEs seems inapplicable here; in the case ofthemethodof Lyapunov exponents (see ... fall into this category The beauty of these examples is also situated in the fact that properties ofthe solution change quite significantly Even more, the choice ofthephase space X differs from ... What is the advantage of this alternative viewpoint on A? Clearly, instead of estimating the fractal dimension of A directly, we are given the possibility of estimating the fractal dimension of A‘...
... CV ∂x The previous studies show that the effective diffusivity Def f of silicon-self interstitial could be positive or zero, or negative The fig.1 is the graph ofthe effective diffusivity of silicon-self ... surface So the diffusion process of silicon-self interstitial is backward, i.e the diffusion flux of silicon-self interstitial is from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration ... in the sky, so the dust and industrial exhaust concentration increases in earth’s atmosphere Based on the interesting properties ofthe backward diffusion, we propose a methodof control of polluted...
... isomers and the CSP; the larger the difference, the greater the separation The observed retention and efficiency of a CSP is the total of all the interactions between the solutes and the CSP, including ... chiral separation.78-80 14 In HPLC, the characteristics of both thestationaryphase and the mobile phase can affect the selectivity and performance The variety of these selective interactions can ... normal phase viii Phenylacarbamte CSP ETHE-3PC, ETHE-6PC and ETHE-11PC were prepared in different spacer lengths for the study ofthe effect of spacer length on the enantioseparation abilities of the...
... the difference in the free energy ofthe solute in the two phases, ∆H ° and ∆S ° are the enthalpy and entropy ofthe transfer of solute from the mobile phase to thestationaryphase respectively ... that the enantioseparations ofthe CD CSPs are partially attributed to the spacer which kept the cavity ofthe chiral molecules away from the support surface.12 The length ofthe attachment ofthe ... relies basically on the distribution of a compound between two phases, one of which (the mobile phase) is moving with respect to the other (the stationary phase) The essential part of a chromatographic...
... that the statue’s arm is a part ofthe lump of bronze, even though it is correct to say that a part ofthe lump of bronze composes the arm For the part ofthe lump of bronze which composes the ... identical with it, then, it seems, by analogy with the statue and the lump of bronze, every part ofthe body must be a part ofthe person but not every part ofthe person can be part ofthe body: that ... lump composes the statue, every part ofthe lump is a part ofthe statue: for example, every particle of bronze in the lump is a part ofthe statue However, the reverse seems not to be the case:...
... lexemes by adding the affix -er to the stem form ofthe verb On the left side ofthe arrow, the requirements on the properties ofthe input words are specified, on the right side the formal and semantic ... (Salmon 2000), to refer to the study ofthe form of words In present-day linguistics, the term ‘morphology’ refers to the study ofthe internal structure of words, and ofthe systematic form–meaning ... that ofthe mental lexicon, the mental representation of lexical knowledge in the brain ofthe individual language user The mental lexicon of an individual is always smaller than the lexicon in the...
... Group ofthe University of Valladolid History of evaporative cooling Many examples ofthe application ofthe phenomenon of evaporative cooling can be found, such as the metabolic regulation ofthe ... temperature through the evaporation of sweat from the skin, the use of cooling towers or evaporative condensers, the cooling of pools by the evaporation ofthe water, etc Furthermore, it was the most widespread ... distributions [7] As the main resistance to heat-transfer can be found in the air on the dry face ofthe system, the advantage ofthe higher thermal conductance of metals than that of plastics is negligible...
... to the experiment, a stable water level in the reservoir was kept by the overhead tank Once the bottom ofthe capillary tube contacted with water in the reservoir, the dynamic movement ofthe ... K is the permeability, L is the length ofthe capillary tube, Pc is the macroscopic capillary pressure, φ is the porosity, µ1 and µ are the viscosity of water and air, and ρ1 and ρ are the density ... With the background above, the purpose ofthe present work was to present a novel laboratory method determining the hydraulic permeability of sand layer based on the capillary rise (CR) theory...
... sentence or two, and then tell the entire story of that theme: the history of salt; the fragility of democracy; the use and misuse of punctuation This book has no such unifying theme We did consider, ... Most of their theories sounded perfectly logical It was the roaring 1990s economy, they said, that helped turn back crime It was the proliferation of gun control laws, they said It was the sort of ... speeches about the wonderful opportunities ofthe global economy; they’ll be trying to keep body and soul together for people on the streets of these cities.” The smart money was plainly on the criminals...
... pulling their money out ofthe market at any price, it will force fund managers to sell shares ofthe stocks that they hold On the other hand, it is bullish because it sets the market up for the ... wrong in the stock market, this is a good time to make you aware of two ofthe most common stock scams The Pump and Dump The pump and dump is one ofthe easiest and most common ways of taking ... it the unsuspecting investors who bought into the hype They probably thought the price could go higher, so they never sold their shares 146 UNDERSTANDING STOCKS The pump and dump is one of the...
... conception ofthe whole of reality, we cannot hope to render compatible the theories and observations ofthe various different sciences: and providing that conception is not the task of any one of those ... if they mean to abandon reasoned argument altogether, even in defence of their own position, then I have Introduction nothing more to say to them because they have excluded themselves from further ... just such a conception is one ofthe principal tasks of metaphysics.3 The point of these remarks is to emphasise there cannot be progress either in the philosophy of mind or in empirical psychology...
... that these notions can then be used, without circularity, as the basis of a naturalistic account ofthe origin of mental content.16 The key idea here is to appeal to the biological theory of evolution ... we forget that the theory is also beset by other problems The problem ofthe specificity of content is one of these, which afflicts proposal (2) quite as much as proposal (1) (Another problem is ... to the normal causes of a given type of belief rather than simply to the actual 15 For a sophisticated version ofthe causal theory of representation, see Jerry A Fodor, Psychosemantics: The...