interaction framework for home environment using speech and vision

... performance of their institutions and policies and determine thresholds for selected debt indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the level of debt distress as measured by the forecast ... allocate funds for low-income countries taking into account both “need” and “performance.” Country performance is to be assessed using the CPIA comprised of four clusters accounting for 80 percent ... a formula for determining grant eligibility within the IDA allocation made on the basis of the Performance Based Allocation System that uses the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 08:15

... Income Countries: Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy Implications by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, IMF and IDA, February 3, 2004 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA ... balance and payments and budgets, the mix of loans and grants in its future financing arrangements, and the build-up of its repayment capacity relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and export and ... based) and the grant component, and the implications for the future financing of IDA The concluding section will highlight weaknesses in the proposed framework, recommend alternative approaches and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... Accordingly, the CPIA for the 25th percentile was estimated to be 2.9 and 3.6 for the 75th percentile Thus poor performers from the point of view of institutional strength and quality of policies ... or PV of debt outstanding as a ratio with GDP, exports or government revenue The second is a weak institutional and policy environment in the country which makes it probable for such countries ... Nankani, World Bank and IMF, February 2004 exceed the threshold in the next year and will continue to so for at least three years The table below sets out the debt thresholds for the chosen indicators...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... policy and foreign exchange regime; financial stability and depth; banking sector efficiency and resource mobilization; competitive environment for the private sector; factor and product markets; and ... resources, safety nets; and poverty monitoring and analysis; and • Public sector management and institutions, including property rights and rule-based governance; quality of budgetary and financial management; ... policies and institutions is subjective and their impact on growth not clear cut Consequently, the use of CPIAs for allocating aid resources and favouring better performers is contentious For example,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... best that can be hoped for if upfront donor contributions (for foregone service charges and commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied (to replace foregone principal reflows) ... considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations on different ... allocations thereby weakening the desired relationship between institutional capability and policy performance and the allocation of funds In view of this, IDA management has proposed an upfront...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... best that can be hoped for if upfront donor contributions (for foregone service charges and commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied (to replace foregone principal reflows) ... considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations on different ... allocations thereby weakening the desired relationship between institutional capability and policy performance and the allocation of funds In view of this, IDA management has proposed an upfront...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... would be World Bank and/ or IMF supported stabilization programs They would normally call for reduced levels of borrowing on unaffordable terms, and for more concessional borrowing and grant financing ... Concerns and Issues Debt Sustainability Framework There are several concerns relating to the DSFs that need to be kept in mind and taken account of in determining a country’s strategy for mobilizing ... stock and flow problems in formulating an appropriate borrowing strategy A high current debt service ratio combined with a low level of debt stock needs to be handled as a liquidity problem and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... Conclusions and Recommendations 59 The framework summarized in the paper starts with a grouping of all low income countries in accordance with the performance of institutions and effectiveness ... classification and country performance, unlike in IDA 13 when the maximum grant percentage was set ex ante This increases the operational difficulties for IDA financing due to foregone credit ... from IDA for Poor Countries during IDA 14, IDA, June 2004 funding needed for IDA 14 is as important as the proposal for grant funding based on the DSF 61 The following conclusions and recommendations...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) service payments to government revenue b) The ratio of government debt (domestic and foreign) outstanding to government revenue c) The ratio ... proportion of exports of goods and non- factor services that are absorbed for debt service payments on both long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio ... single year from its earnings from goods and non-factor services c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy Present...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... Performance Ratings for 2003 For each policy cluster in the CPIA, the Bank applies numerical performance ratings from (low) to (high) and these are converted to five “letter” grades The reason for ... equal access to entry and exit in all products and sectors • Factor and product markets This item addresses the policies that affect the efficiency of markets for land, labor and goods Countries ... which economic and environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources (soil, water, forests, etc.), the control of pollution, and the capture and investment...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... Context-Clusters for At first, we automatically create keywords from a title word for each category using co-occurrence information Then centroid-contexts are extracted using the title word and keywords ... Bennett and Demiriz, 1999), and the other employs clustering algorithms for text categorization (Slonim et al., 2002) Nigam studied an Expected Maximization (EM) technique for combining labeled and ... W1∈X The weights in formula are computed as reflecting global frequency, log-likelihood factors, and part of speech as used in (Karov and Edelman, 1998) The sum of weights in formula 8, which is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... uses BLEU for automatic evaluation For comparison purposes, we also computed the value of R2 for fluency using the BLEU score formula given in (Papineni et al., 2002), for the systems using the ... 83.04% For comparison purposes, we also computed the value of R2 for adequacy using the BLEU score formula given in (Papineni et al., 2002), for the systems using the same one reference, and we ... given NLP application for which we want to evaluate the candidate answer set Candidates for some input sequences, given a reference answer set References For each individual candidate answer C,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... precision scores for each tool, with the goal to highlight strengths and weaknesses and to compare them (Rizzo and Troncy, 2011b) The comparison aggregates all the evaluations performed and, finally, ... schema types: ontology (for DBpedia Spotlight and Zemanta), lightweight taxonomy (for AlchemyAPI, Evri and Wikimeta) or simple flat type lists (for Extractiv, OpenCalais and Wikimeta) A concept ... principles and aims to enable programmatic access to the NERD framework GET, POST and PUT methods manage the requests coming from clients to retrieve the list of NEs, classification types and URIs for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... distribution, and randomization, provide effective means for identifying and studying the effect and interaction of product and process variables Traditional one-factor-at-a-time experiments not address interactions ... process, environmental variables, and their effects on quality This enhanced focus provides a basis for identifying and understanding relationships among various critical formulation and process ... Useful Standards ASTM Standards E2363-04: Standard Terminology related to PAT D 3764 - 01: Standard Practice for Validation of Process Stream Analyzer Systems D 4855 - 97: Standard Practice for Comparing...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:20

... priorities for 2010–2015: • The internet poses both challenges and opportunities for the National Drug Strategy It is an efficient channel for information on illegal drug manufacture and use, and a ... and Torres Strait Islander peoples In 2003 smoking was responsible for one-fifth of deaths and accounted for 12 per cent of the total burden of disease among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ... across the health and law enforcement sectors, between the government and nongovernment sectors, and among policymakers, service providers and experts For 2010–2015 the health–law enforcement partnership...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 20:20

... policy and foreign exchange regime; financial stability and depth; banking sector efficiency and resource mobilization; competitive environment for the private sector; factor and product markets; and ... performance of their institutions and policies and determine thresholds for selected debt indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the level of debt distress as measured by the forecast ... best that can be hoped for if upfront donor contributions (for foregone service charges and commitment fees) materialize and upfront charges for grants are levied (to replace foregone principal reflows)...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 03:20

... and those different on both platforms are colored blue P-value cutoffs are 0.01 for exon array and 10-4 for RNA-Seq, and fold-change cutoffs are for both platforms Colored numbers show number ... Gertz and M Muratet for critical reading of the manuscript; S O’Keeffe, M Muratet and D Quest for software testing and technical suggestions; CB Burge for hosting our prototype server; D Housman for ... models and alternative splicing events Users can supply their own models and events or download and install pre-computed annotations using EP-manage.pl (currently available for human, mouse and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... review and editorial decision-making processes for papers they have co-authored Authors' contributions GSM, HBM and KBL conceived the idea and obtained funding for the study GSM, HBM and KBL ... not for citation purposes) Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2009, 2:22 http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/2/1/22 Prospective participants screened for AI and NNHt Clinical measurements AI and ... not for citation purposes) Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2009, 2:22 http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/2/1/22 Prospective participants screened for AI and NNHt Clinical measurements AI and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... y the vector of observations for q traits, β, u and e vectors of fixed effects, random effects and residuals, and X and Z the design matrices pertaining to β and u For simplicity, assume u represents ... models for G × E problems A natural formulation for a G × E problem is in form of a two-way classification with interaction Let yijk denote the k-th record for the i-th genotype in the j-th environment, ... rows and columns, and the remaining m - j rows and columns with all off-diagonal elements equal to zero For instance, for j = there are no off-diagonal elements, for j = only the first and second...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21