integration of risk law ethics economics and preferences

... baths, and washing clothes and dishes is an important route of exposure Studies of experimental laboratory showers by Andelman (1985a,b, 1990; Andelman, Meyers, and Wilder 1986; Andelman, Wilder, and ... Apte 1997; Singer, Hodgson, and Nazaroff 2003), which contaminates about 60% of all U.S homes and workplaces (Repace and Lowrey 1980, 1985; Miller, Branoff, and Nazaroff 1998) Among these are several ... Because of the complexity of most indoor and outdoor air samples, the cost and inaccuracy of measurement methods, and the almost complete lack of knowledge of the relationship of measured VOC levels...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... burning oil, gas, and coal, and from discharges of ethylbenzene from factories Ethylbenzene gets into the soil by spills of gasoline or other fuels and poor disposal of industrial and household wastes ... part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke Benzene is one of the major components of JP-8 fuel Industry is the main source of benzene in the environment Emissions from burning coal and oil, ... as a solvent and in the printing, rubber, and leather industries It is used as a cleaning agent and a thinner for paint and varnishes Xylene is a major component of JP-8 fuel Route of exposure...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... aquifer, geochemistry of the ground water, and the transport and fate properties of VOCs, affect the occurrence of VOCs in ground water (sidebars 7 and 8, and p. 14 and 15) 8.  Urban Land Use Contributes ... indiscriminately Because of this practice, VOCs often are the most frequently detected contaminants in soil and ground water at abandoned landfills and dumps, and at many industrial, commercial, and military ... solvent and an extractant, and as an intermediate product in organic synthesis Also, chloroform and other THMs are by-products of the chlorination of drinking waters and wastewaters, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:20

... the determination of the composition or concentration of fragrance components in products 1.4 The term “Executive Officer” as used in this document means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources ... (analysis of acetone and ethanol by gas chromatography) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Volume (August 1994) 2.10 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Volatile Organics (analysis of exempt and ... Determination of Volatile Matter Content and Density of Printing Inks and Related Coatings: 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, as it existed on July 1, 1994 2.13 US EPA Reference Method 18, Measurement of Gaseous...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... where di and si are the values of wind direction and wind speed of sample i The ranges of wind direction and wind speed are divided into a series of subranges having similar numbers of samples ... concentration of compound j in the emission of source p, and the strength of source p on sample i (16, 19) In this section, wind direction and wind speed will be used to illustrate the construction of the ... (the number of sources) elements T(ti,p) represents the action of temperature ti for source p The task of solving this expanded PMF model is to determine the values of F, G, D, S, W, and T to fit...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... studies of VOCs in indoor air typically quantify only about 50 VOCs out of the many more present The use of a combination of two GC columns of different polarity and/ or the use of both an FID and ... indicator of air quality, and as a predictor of the probability of health and comfort effects The WHO definition of VOCs refers to the behaviour of the compounds in traditional analytical procedures and ... Office for Official Publications of the European Communities IS0 (International Standard Organization), 1994 International Standard: Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... terms of spatial extent and temporal evolution This is of topical interest since the export of pollutants from megacities and concentrated urban centers to downwind areas is of growing concern and ... Tracking the export of pollutants and understanding the impact of large urban centers on downwind air quality is scientifically challenging and requires a synthesis of observational data and modeling ... characterize the chemical and physical transformations and the ultimate fate of pollutants exported from the MCMA, and was part of the MILAGRO group of field campaigns An overview of the field campaign...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... for identifying and quantifying selected VOCs in exhaled air, and apply it to a cross-sectional study of NSCLC and COPD patients, and healthy control smokers and non-smokers, and a short-term ... time with that of pure standard and charac- The method was validated by studying the linear range, and the limits of detection and precision Linearity was established over four orders of magnitude ... constant was >0.60), and the number of factors was chosen on the basis of the flex point of the graph of decreasing eigenvalues; the percentage of variance explained was also recorded and PRISM 3.0...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2015, 14:24

... substances and are generally accepted as POPs Technical HCH is constituted by 67–70% of α-HCH isomer, 13% of γ-HCH isomer, 6% of δ-HCH isomer, 5–6% of β-HCH isomer and traces of ε-HCH, λ-HCH and ν-HCH ... throughput of solvents and adsorbents could lead to high costs and higher risk of contamination, if increasing the dimensions of these techniques Figure 2-3 Diagrammatic representation of gel permeation ... 5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 75 5.3.1 Levels of OCP, PCB and PBDE in fetal and maternal compartments 75 5.3.2 Model of PLSR 82 5.3.3 Influential factors on TPT of POPs ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:06

... affect this syndrome, and the presence of VOCs is taken into account in all theories, so its detection and control are very important to handle with the SBS cause of the presence of some gases [9]; ... repetitive and seems to be worst than the one with extrinsic sensors On the other hand, chemical dyes offer an almost unlimited number possibilities of detection of different VOCs or gases, and among ... modulations minimizes the effect of other interfering gases This is a good way to register the concentration of CO2 and CO, and so, control the ventilation and IAQ Humidity and O2 might be also detected...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... used: Water Workshop of the Powder Adhesive Surface: 34 m2 Number of workers: Number of stations: - Filling of the machine of conditioning of the powder adhesive - Conditioning of the powder adhesive ... Surface: 129.37 m2 Number of workers: Number of stations: - Manufacture of the Natural adhesive - Conditioning of Natural adhesive Surface: 228.6 m2 Number of workers: 11 Number of stations: - Natural ... Organic Workshop of the Latex Adhesive Workshop of the Vinyl Adhesive Surface: 174 m2 Number of workers: Number of stations: - Manufacture of the adhesive Latex - Conditioning of the adhesive...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp.85-92 Figure Graph of frequency against range of values of age of landfill (t) Figure represents range of values of the total ... minimum and maximum age of the landfill to be 60.85 years and 59.08 years respectively The mean, variance, and standard deviation are 60 years, 0.0496, and 0.223 respectively Figure Graph of the ... mass of solid waste in the ith section of the landfill (mg), ti = the age of the ith section of the section of the landfill (years), t = the age of the landfill (years), R = the average annual...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... increased risks of TGCT and groups of some of these compounds are also associated with small increased risks of cryptorchidism and/ or hypospadias, consistent with them playing a role in the origins of ... some of the weaknesses and problems that can affect the quality of studies investigating the potential causes of cryptorchidism and hypospadias Quality assessment of the various studies and of ... prevalence, and evidence for changing incidence, of human TDS disorders; and (2) the range of TDS-like effects of ECs and EC mixtures in animal studies, together with new understanding about when and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... the adsorbate, and 1/n is a function of the strength of adsorption For fixed values of Ce and 1/n, the larger the value of K, the larger the capacity qe For fixed values of K and Ce , the smaller ... q1 and q2 = equilibrium solid phase concentrations of compounds and q1 = (C1,0 − C1,e)/Cc and q2 = (C2,0 − C2,e)/Cc C1,0 and C2,0 = initial liquid phase concentrations of compounds and C1,e and ... will control the rate of removal In turbulent flow reactors, a combination of film diffusion and pore diffusion very often controls the rate of removal for some of the types of molecules to be removed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... random sample of points was located on aerial photographs and was classified by land cover and forest type In the second phase, a random subsample of the photo points was selected from each of ... regional level, by calculating the fraction of the land surface belonging to each of the different classes of land-use and forest type Both parts of this procedure are included in the results ... leaf mass (g) of tree i at time t, and f and s are empirical coefficients The values of f and s were taken from Ter-Mikaelian & Korzukhin (1997), which gives several values of f and s for 65 NorthAmerican...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... the second and fourth carbon atoms in the parent chain Name the compound in order of: number of carbon atom-alkyl group attached(number of carbon atom-alkyl group attached- etc ) name of parent ... Esters An ester is formed from the combination of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol They are often highly aromatic compounds and are used for flavors and fragrances O  Functional Group: CO O ... side so the double bonds will be located between carbon atom no and carbon atom no and carbon atom no and carbon atom no The name of the compound is 1,3-pentadiene Example CH3CH2CCH The longest...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... precision and accuracy, respectively, of instrument response to standard Calibration and Standardization 10.1 follows Calibrate the VOC monitoring instrument as After the appropriate warmup period and ... the probe at the interface of the packing gland take-up flange seat and sample the periphery In addition, survey valve housings of multipart assembly at the surface of all interfaces where a leak ... Flanges and Other Connections For welded flanges, place the probe at the outer edge of the flangegasket interface and sample the circumference of the flange 1161 Sample other types of nonpermanent...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... an indication of non-significant effect was given, a relative risk of and a standard error equal to the mean standard error of the other studies was considered The pooled relative risks did not ... quality of life, employment and health of 802 randomly selected adults, showed that in 2002, 38% of adults had ever used indoor tanning facilities (Lazovich et al., 2005) The prevalence of use of ... 30 years (31% of women and 16% of men)(Westerdahl et al., 1994) After 1995, the prevalence of solarium use in the population aged 16–80 years was 41%, but 70% of women and 50% of men aged 18–50...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20