innate immune responses of manduca sexta

... C An et al Manduca sexta Spatzle ¨ Introduction A prominent feature of the innate immune systems of insects is the activation of serine proteinase cascade pathways ... control of phenoloxidase-induced melanin synthesis in an insect J Biol Chem 283, 25316– 25323 Kanost MR, Jiang H & Yu XQ (2004) Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta Immunol ... basis of antimicrobial responses in Manduca sexta Insect Sci 15, 53–66 Kanost MR, Dai W & Dunn PE (1988) Peptidoglycan fragments elicit antibacterial protein synthesis in larvae of Manduca sexta...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... A number of in vitro studies have suggested that, similar to the involvement of CD14 in LPS signaling, CD14 plays an essential role in the activation of PG-PS induced innate immune responses ... culminate in the activation of transcription of defensive genes Individual TLRs produce overlapping but distinct patterns of gene expression, permitting tailoring of host responses to different pathogens ... are not well defined Recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is the best studied model of innate immunity [9] In serum, LPS...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... INNATE IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE 1.1 Sentinel systems of innate immunity 1.2 Innate system effector cells PRODUCTION OF ROS OF CELLS OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM ... azurophil granules of neutrophils (Chapman, Hampton et al 2002; Rosen, Crowley et al 2002; Hirche, Gaut et al 2005; Rosen, Klebanoff et al 2009) 3.1 Functions of ROS of cells of the innate immune system ... to respond appropriately 1.1 Sentinel systems of innate immunity The sentinel systems of innate immunity are in part made up of soluble components of the serum such as the complement system (Frank...

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2016, 22:38

... humoral immune responses of T-1 and T-2 were greater than those of T-3 or control group A report supports the result of our study, suggesting that in pigs the Ig-containing cells isotypes of the ... observed in the proportion of N cells, but that of N lymphocytes was distinct for that of T-2, compared to that of control at 8-weeks PA The enhancement of host defense system using nonspecific immunomodulators ... cholera virus, but that the virulence of the virus is much less than that of them [6, 13] Along with severe disease of leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, each number of MHC class II, CD1+, CD2+, CD4+,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:23

... [19,26] Effector mechanisms of innate immune stimulation in systemic lupus erythematosus Different immune cell types express different subsets of TLRs In addition, the effects of TLR stimulation depend ... enthusiasm with which the immune system eliminates microbes, these autoantigens may represent an Achilles heel of overactivity; the critical stimulants of the innate immune system in SLE patients ... specificity of responses to nucleic acids, so that innate immune cells sense and respond to viral and bacterial but not host nucleic acid This is best understood for DNA Hypomethylated CpGPage of (page...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... al., 1987) 49 | P a g e 2.7 Protective Immune Responses After Dengue Infection 2.7.1 Innate immune response 2.7.1.1 Dendritic cells The innate arm of the host immune system is responsible to limit ... consensus sequence The specificity of the T cell responses was donordependent IFN-γ responses of cultured PBMCs (in the absence of irradiated autologous PBMCs) from dengue -immune individuals after re-stimulation ... onset of fever, showing the symptoms of classical DF (Gubler, 1998) and typically develops around day 3–7 of illness at the time of defervescence and continues for 2–7 days The cardinal features of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 11:36

... Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases Julio Aliberti Editor Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases ... lines of evidence indicate that without innate immune responses, such as following NK-cell depletion, the initial IFN- -dependent control of parasite replication is compromised and, in the case of ... the interface of innate and adaptive immunity 2.2 2.2.1 Infection and Innate Immunity Neutrophils In the presence of pro-inflammatory stimulus, neutrophils are among the first innate immune cells...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... versus innate immune responses: adaptive immune- mediated responses are attenuated whereas, in experimental models involving the innate immune response, leptin deficiency causes inadequate control of ... models of arthritis depending on acquired or innate immune responses Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is based on the induction of a ... models of arthritis suggest that, like in other experimental disease models, chronic leptin deficiency differently affects acquired versus innate immune responses: adaptive immune- mediated responses...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... Enhancement of IAV-induced respiratory burst of neutrophils Protection against neutrophil inactivation by IAV Aggregation of E coli Stimulation of phagocytosis of E coli Inhibition of phagocytosis of ... Collectins – players of the innate immune system (Eur J Biochem 271) 1233 groups at the 1– and 2– position of the sugar ring [28] This mode of binding excludes the possibility of binding to galactose ... degree of oligomerization of the collectin [66], on the other Clustering of glycoproteins or glycolipids on the surface of microorganisms allows for the simultaneous binding of multiple CRDs of one...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... site-specific characterization of the N-glycans on aminopeptidase from Manduca sexta was achieved using a MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometer These MALDI-TOF/TOF data showed that the glycoprotein ... presence of peaks in the MALDI mass spectrum of an HPLC fraction with mass differences corresponding to the masses of monosaccharides (b) MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem MS/MS of the majority of putative ... Ó FEBS 2004 Novel insect N-glycans from Manduca sexta (Eur J Biochem 271) 4251 Table Assignments of molecular ions observed in the MALDI-TOF spectra of permethylated N-glycans released from...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Page of 11 The a priori level of significance was a p-value of < 0.05 Data was computed using JMP® software Results Safety Two out of the 33 enrolled patients were removed from the 1.25 mg arm of ... functionality of monocytes after treatment, we considered the upregulation of the expression of any one of these independent markers by more than 50% to be a gain of function In the 1.25 mg-group, 28% of ... we saw a doubling of the objective response rate which suggests that IMP321 is a potent agonist of effective anti-cancer cellular immune responses in this clinical setting Page of 11 Table Patients...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... A2, each of which are potent activators of a large family of G protein-coupled receptors [5] The combination of these initial and secondary signaling cascades produces a robust innate immune response ... by apoptotic cells [9] also activate CD14-dependent innate immune response in macrophages While none of these data point to CD14 or innate immune response as etiological in neurodegenerative ... brain, no detectable adaptive immune response, and no loss of pyramidal neurons from hippocampal sector CA1 Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Neuroinflammation 2004, 1:20...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... evading the host innate immune defense mechanisms [29,39-41] A better understanding of the cellular and molecular innate immune responses in the CNS and deciphering the Page of (page number not ... the local innate immune response with the production of innate components of the complement system while preventing secondary tissue damage Of note, the increased expression of CRegs by brain ... some of the intrinsic pathways expressed by reactive brain epithelial cells to control bystander cytotoxic properties of the local innate immune response Our data indicate that the integrity of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Mark et al Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 2010, 5:18 http://www.occup-med.com/content/5/1/18 deprivation and thereby an induction of proinflammatory immune responses [7-9] Cytokine ... shift schedules The mean age of shift workers was 36.4 yrs (SD 9.34) and the mean age of daytime workers 40.1 yrs (SD 7.77; p < 0.001) 86.9% of the shift workers and 75.7% of the day workers were ... influence of chronic sleep debt and circadian disruption on the immune system we compared cytokine production and lymphocytes count in a morning blood sample of shift workers with Table Influence of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... with both innate and cellular responses (NK, NKT, and CD8+ T cell responses) associated with clearance of influenza viral infected cells [23] The role of innate and adaptive cellular responses ... epitopes of influenza proteins in the context of a highly immunogenic, non-infectious structure VLPs elicit immune responses and protection at low doses (HA content) and without the use of an exogenous ... efficient immune responses Curr HIV Res 2006, 4:475-484 McBurney SP, Young KR, Ross TM: Membrane embedded HIV-1 envelope on the surface of a virus-like particle elicits broader immune responses...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... capable of inducing allergic immune responses and have the potential to cause serious allergic symptoms Antigen-specific IgG Abs subclass responses of silica particles Next, to assess the types of immune ... promote allergic immune responses in mice In addition, we investigated the relationship between the size of silica particles and allergic immune responses Materials and methods Page of Dainippon ... many of the pathologic features of allergic immune diseases [15] Some reports have shown that intranasal or airway exposure to nanomaterials promotes allergic immune responses, indicating the immune- activating...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... HF: The role of low levels of juvenile hormone esterase in the metamorphosis of Manduca sexta J Insect Sci 2001, 1:11 Truman JW: Physiology of insect rhythms: I Circadian organization of the endocrine ... combined effects of cell multiplication and cell enlargement The mechanism of body size determination in Manduca The initial mass of each larval instar is a constant multiple of that of the previous ... 0.001 10 Instar Figure Final sizes of the five larval instars of Manduca sexta The size of the first four instars increase exponentially, but the final size of the fifth instar is about twice...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... after the challenge (data not shown) Immune responses with S cerevisiae expressing rApxIA or rApxIIA 387 Induction of specific immune responses The levels of local and systemic antibodies specific ... involvement of IL-6 in Immune responses with S cerevisiae expressing rApxIA or rApxIIA 391 the production of IgA and the induction of TNF-α by IgA [23] Moreover, the dual capacities of secreted ... administration of the ApxIIA We first confirmed the immunogenicity of the yeast-derived ApxIA antigen We then investigated the local and systemic immune responses, bacterial clearance, and inflammatory responses...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:23

... humans because of the use of lipofectamine, which is toxic to humans Oromucosal therapy with recombinant IFN reduced the severity of viral infection,44 but intranasal administration of IFN-c pDNA ... the University of South Florida College of Medicine vivarium All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Committee on Animal Research at the University of South Florida College of Medicine ... percentage of GFP-positive cells was estimated OVA Sensitization, CIN Treatment, and Preparation of Lung Sections Mice were allergen-sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg of OVA adsorbed...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... the inhibition of APCs or pathogenic T cells, by maintenance of the TR cell population and/or by enhancement of their function (reviewed in [54]) Elucidation of the mechanism of TR cell suppression ... in mice by elimination of T cell subset I Evidence for the active participation of T cells in natural self-tolerance; deficit of a T cell subset as a possible cause of autoimmune disease J Exp ... in the control of immune responses Transplantation 2003, 75:8S-12S 50 Asseman C, Mauze S, Leach MW, Coffman RL, Powrie F: An essential role for interleukin 10 in the function of regulatory T...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23