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... 72 41 5966 89 99 2350 71 76 14 21 62 61 88 57 −3 65 76 lag 10 −5 78 81 80 77 9 483 79 84 86 85 88 82 87 9293 90 95 89 91 96 10 97 98 99 70 67 68 69 72 71 73 75 74 −5 0.0 0.2 10 14 13 11 34 1915 ... seq(1 981 , 1990, by = 1) > z[1:5] [1] 1 981 1 982 1 983 1 984 1 985 > z[z > 1 985 ] [1] 1 986 1 987 1 988 1 989 1990 In some cases the syntax of a function differs between vector and unary inputs Adopting the ... 42 84 85 82 37 15 24 73 20 58 67 7445 16 98 17 43 79 78 91 60 28 97 11 95 38 70 34 13 46 29 94 55 22 53 87 75 63 186 927 19 83 80 30 93 77 2652 56 49 35 68 48 54 9 08 4436 3247 64 25 31 33 10 72...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 58 4.7 Niche Modeling Data mining Data mining is the automated search for patterns in large amounts of data A couple of aspects of niche modeling make data mining potentially ... systems Data mining is often distinguished from conventional niche modeling in that a sequential approach to including variables in the model is used It may also be the said that data mining generally ... Taylor and Francis Group, LLC 60 Niche Modeling that in some way express ones’ understanding of the theoretical structure of the domain One could say that data mining tends towards pragmatism, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... 46 34 103 20 32 101 45 788 159 102 104 19 48 27 97 6 2105 15 60 47 28 14 90 58 3552 91 61 94 82 88 23 99 92 22 86 64 79 68 6 787 77 16 662 100 513 18 24 17 69 21 98 106 89 26 51 53 50 57 80 36 40 ... 39 10 37 38 75 54 71 11 −0.5 ar1.67 85 −0.1 lag −4.5 lag −0.2 −0.4 76 −0.3 52 79 80 82 83 84 86 81 85 77 104 76 78 87 105 75 88 89 103 102 100 97 101 99 71 74 90 73 70 91 98 72 69 9396 92 945 68 67 ... 22 17 47 14 282 86 93 10 77 73 34 102 105 6359 97 57 584 670 53 31 84 94 101 39 29 51 74 −0.6 CRU 93 74 68 90 70 7691 104 82 92 83 987 9 73 88 80 6277 72 78 57 100 97 99 63 86 101 65 85 61 67 71...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... Taylor and Francis Group, LLC −1.0 −1.0 0.0 0.5 Niche Modeling 0.0 0.5 146 1900 1950 2000 180 0 185 0 1900 1950 2000 180 0 185 0 1900 1950 2000 180 0 185 0 1900 1950 2000 180 0 185 0 1900 1950 2000 180 0 185 0 ... R1-4) The left-hand boxes in Figures 9.7, 9 .8, 9.9 and 9 .10 illustrate the linear and nonlinear calibration models (lines) from the subset years of the series (circles) The right-hand graphs show ... Modeling ? tree−rings temperature ? C time FIGURE 9.3: Idealized chronology showing tree-rings and the two possible solutions due to non-linear response of the principle (solid and dashed line)...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... rule for calculating standard error of the mean applies: s.e = σ √ k Series such as the SSS, CRU and the random walk would maintain high standard errors of the mean with increasing sample size ... examine a set of proxy series listed in Table 9.1 of the previous chapter, as well as the temperature and precipitation from a sample of landscape 10. 1 Detecting LTP One of the main operations in ... statistical tests are incorrect, and confidence intervals underestimated Defn IV In nite power at zero wavelength: The spectral frequency obeys an increasing power law near the origin, i.e f (λ) ∼ aλ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:20

... the income curve would not change INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Pareto’s Estimates of a Country Date a England 184 3 187 9– 188 0 185 2 187 6 188 1 188 6 189 0 189 4 188 0 188 6 188 7 188 9 188 9 188 9 188 9 188 7 188 7 ... data using his extensive engineering and mathematical training and succeeded in showing that there is a relation between Nx —the number of taxpayers with personal income greater or equal to x and ... the Gini coefficient have also been suggested Kakwani (1 980 a), Donaldson and Weymark (1 980 , 1 983 ), and Yitzhaki (1 983 ) proposed a one-parameter family of generalized Gini indices by introducing...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 11:36

... achieving a considerable improvement in recognition performance We are considering basing our re-ranking on the information held in the dialogue information state, knowledge of what is going on in ... approaches in speech understanding In Proceedings of EACL Jelinek, F and Mercer, R 1 980 Interpolated Estimation of Markov Source Parameters from Sparse Data In Pattern Recognition in Practice ... Linguistics, University of G¨ teborg o Baggia P., Danieli M., Gerbino E., Moisa L M., and Popovici C 1997 Contextual Information and Specific Language Models for Spoken Language Understanding In...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... randomly generated 10 training, test and tune set combinations For each combination, the latter two were 100 0 sentences each and the remaining 50712 sentences were used as training sets.9 ,10 We performed ... 55.73 68. 60 67.41 2-gr 27 .86 35.49 37.27 3-gr 16.61 21. 08 21.40 4-gr 10. 68 13. 47 13. 41 Table 2: Details of Word, Root and Morphology BLEU Scores Min 15.97 16 .80 20.05 17.99 17.30 18. 13 20. 38 21.96 ... of tokens in the training sets 3-gram root LM BLEU 22.61 BLEU-R 28. 21 BLEU-M 28. 68 4-gram root LM BLEU 22 .80 BLEU-R 28. 48 BLEU-M 28. 82 (about 3700) is small compared to distinct number of surface...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... 73.1 94.4 70.1 P 87 .6 89 .9 83 .4 87 .3 72 .8 66.7 69.7 A◦P 90.5 91.4 91.2 90.2 72.9 89 .3 69.5 J ◦P 90.0 91.2 89 .9 89 .6 72 .8 84.9 69.7 D 88 .3 89 .4 89 .2 88 .0 72.5 85 .0 67.7 G 95.7 97.9 89 .0 95.2 99.7 ... 75.3 85 .1 67.6 89 .3 99.6 74 .8 74.7 90 93.3 Parser output Jn DD Pres 55.6 (69.5) 61.1 80 .0 (82 .0) 63.3 77.1 ( 48. 8) 87 .0 71.0 73 .8 71.0 87 84 .5 83 .6 Table 2: Comparison with previous work using ... M OVED and F IND C ONTROLLER; in an abstract sense it mediates the gap-threading information incorporated into GPSG7 The relative node is D ISLOCATED in R ELOC M OVED and L OCUS in F IND C ONTROLLER...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... |u) ( 18) 10 P0 size p(C|u, v) = where the probabilities p(C|u) can be computed by considering the likelihood function 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 N N p(xi |u) = (u) = i=1 10 pC (xi |u)p(C|u) 10 10 i=1 ... graphs as the word alignment process 10 co−occurrence count 4.2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 rank 10 10 Figure 9: Log-log plot of ranked pairs of English vertices according to their counts Conclusions ... Artificial Intelligence Research, 38: 135 – 187 Colin Bannard and Chris Callison-Burch 2005 Paraphrasing with Bilingual Parallel Corpora Proc ACL, pp 597–604 Alain Barrat, Marc Barthlemy, and Alessandro...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... 216.3 155.3 103 .8 89.0 104 .0 98. 8 124.7 214.7 81 .0 183 .0 176.3 197.9 255.3 V 103 09 116 68 6294 86 61 85 12 88 12 2554 2393 1274 1195 1472 133 3 14 08 1 281 14293 9009 12430 82 36 6056 81 62 81 75 Table ... divergence using Monte Carlo methods as follows, Reuters215 78 |D| 290 303 144 146 152 151 1 78 176 33 41 73 75 72 60 24 48 634 3 987 6 28 513 80 1 551 ¯ |d| 7 48. 7 82 2.4 636.2 85 9.6 81 9.4 82 5.5 124.7 107 .8 216.3 ... In Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003) B D Ripley 1 987 Stochastic Simulation Wiley Minqing Hu and Bing Liu 2004 Mining and summarizing customer reviews In...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... 335 Co-training versus self-training Cross-genre co-training 78 77.5 77 76.5 76 75.5 75 74.5 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100 Co-training rounds 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100 Co-training rounds ... Co-training compared with self-training The upper curve is for co-training between Collins-CFG and LTAG; the lower curve is selftraining for Collins-CFG Figure 8: Cross-genre bootstrapping results ... Computational Linguistics, 19(2): 313- 330 Kamal Nigam and Rayid Ghani 2000 Analyzing the effectiveness and applicability of co-training In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... originate due to the presence of wind However, they remain active for a long time after the wind has blown), (4) choppy waves appearing for high wind speed and introducing nonlinearities in the ... (a) 10 4 Mixed pixel Open-sea pixel 1 3100 00 133 0000 135 0000 Signal values (eV) MTF included bl Nm,min and Sm,max Open-sea pixel Pdf values where Sm,min S − Sm,min , θ1 , θ2 , Sm,max − Sm,min Mixed ... During the night, the absence of sun glint reduces the importance of reflections and self-emission dominates Then, the wake appears dark 0.9 0 .8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 ...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... Signal Processing spaced components in the SSP obtained by ways different from matched spatial filtering [7, 10 12] but again without aggregating the regularization principles with the minimum risk ... Image Processing, vol 4, no 8, pp 109 6– 11 08, 1995 [11] A W Doerry, F M Dickey, L A Romero, and J M DeLaurentis, “Difficulties in superresolving synthetic aperture radar images,” in Algorithms ... Member in 1995, IEEE Senior Member in 2004) received the Dipl Eng degree (with honors) in radio engineering in 1976, the Candidate of Sciences degree (Ph.D degree equivalent in the ex-USSR) in radio...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... SW 480 58 (52-59) Adbel-Rahman et al (2000) SW620 48 (45-49) Adbel-Rahman et al (2000) SW837 38 ( 38- 40) Adbel-Rahman et al (2000) LIM 186 3 80 (66 -82 ) Adbel-Rahman et al (2000) MDA-MB175 84 (82 -89 ) ... cell line HT-29 were obtained from Illumina, and Human- 610 Quad SNP genotyping data for the colon cancer cell lines SW403, SW 480 , SW620, SW837, SW1417 and LIM 186 3 were generated at the Ludwig Institute ... Fellowship in Biomedical Informatics (Reference No G070 181 0) and previously by a UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Life Sciences Interface Doctoral Training Studentship JR, GM and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... Critical Care Vol 13 No O'Brien et al portive care, even when such information is uncertain [3] Such early provision of prognostic information and shared decision-making, including clinician recommendations ... letter explaining the study purpose and a stamped return envelope The initial mailing included $10 cash incentive Non-respondents received a duplicate survey 30 days after the initial mailing with ... additional information incorporated by a bedside clinician Additional study is needed to better understand these subtleties that consistently (and inconsistently) influence physician predictions and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... λ and I Correlation λ estimate I (intercept estimate) ACTB 0. 981 8035 6 .80 2453 × 109 -1.2 085 35 × 109 GAPDH 0.69466 98 2.122443 × 1 08 -4. 484 740 × 107 0. 983 8246 1.37 080 1 × 106 -2.441642 × 105 8. 885 4 68 ... × 105 8. 885 4 68 × 103 -1.719060 × 103 4.000 586 × 107 -7.723061 × 106 3.656176 × 106 -6.5 9137 0 × 105 -2.590916 × 101 0 -2.015157 × 109 DDR1 PIK3 PNN ZCCHC7 0.91 483 29 0.91603 48 0. 982 7101 0.1149602 ... shown in Figure 2a The initial culture was diluted into 10 samples, each containing approximately × 106 cells; one of these was selected at random and diluted into a second set of 10 samples (10...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... 0.01 38 mol O 16.00 g Xác nh công th c kinh nghi m b ng vi c chia s mol tìm nh nh t, ó s mol c a cacbon: Cacbon = c cho s mol có giá tr 0.00922 0.02 78 0.01 38 = ; Hydro = = 3.01 ; Oxy = = 1.4 98 ... c c a ch t 234 g/mol ng mol xác = 2(12.01) + 6(1.0 08) + 3(16.00) = 78. 07 g/mol s = Nhân công th c kinh nghi m tìm cho C6H18O9 234 = 2.997 ≈ 78. 07 c v i ta s có cong th c phân t c n tìm c a ch ... = 0.00922 mol C 44.01 g mol CO ng Hydro = 0.02 78 mol H x ng c a oxy c xác 12.01 g = 0.111 g C mol 1.0 08 g mol x mol H = 0.02 78 mol H mol H O 1.0 08 g = 0.270 g H mol nh t kh i l ng c a ch t g c...

Ngày tải lên: 22/08/2012, 09:18

... Active Devices Working Devices Failed Devices Spare Devices : : : : : : Sat Sep 24 18: 42:53 2005 clean 2 0 UUID : a1c044b8:d88be533:f570ac 88: 74e95f06 Events : 0.1 984 Number Major Minor RaidDevice ... cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 82 25 280 bytes Device Boot /dev/hdc1 /dev/hdc2 Start 447 End 446 522 Blocks 3 582 463+ 6104 70 Id 83 83 System Linux Linux [root@fedora4 giotex]# mdadm manage ... Total Devices Preferred Minor : : : : : : : : a92b4efc 00.90.01 a1c044b8:d88be533:f570ac 88: 74e95f06 Sat Sep 24 19:52:04 2005 raid1 2 Update Time State Active Devices Working Devices Failed Devices...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:11