infection control considerations to prevent hiv transmission in healthcare settings
báo cáo hóa học:" Planning for pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission: challenges and opportunities" potx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... made in HIV prevention and treatment, a sustainable strategy to turn the tide against HIV infection remains elusive Combination prevention that includes biomedical, behavioural and structural interventions ... protected from infection [7] Human clinical trials to evaluate PrEP as a strategy to prevent the transmission of HIV began in 2004 In the intervention arms of the current clinical studies, HIVnegative ... can be used to prevent infection among persons highly exposed to a pathogen or those who are otherwise more vulnerable to infection Chloroquine was used to both treat malaria and to prevent it...
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Báo cáo y học: "Topical application of entry inhibitors as "virustats" to prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:21
... support infection in vitro Interestingly, almost all cases of acute infection involve CCR5-using HIV Consequently, individuals lacking cell surface-expressed CCR5 (owing to a 32-base pair deletion in ... of binding to the HIV envelope and preventing cellular infection In part because these agents are inexpensive to make and showed some in vitro activity, a number of them were accelerated into ... activity in the rhesus vaginal challenge model [58] The advantages to developing these small molecule CCR5 inhibitors as topical agents to prevent HIV infection include 1) the rigorous safety testing...
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Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States pdf
Ngày tải lên :
05/03/2014, 13:20
... tenofovir/emtricitabine in preventing HIV infection in the study population The approximate rate of new HIV infections among trial participants was 5% per year A total of 56 new HIV infections had ... Disease Control and Prevention recommends that HIV- infected women in the United States (including those receiving ART) refrain from breastfeeding to avoid postnatal transmission of HIV to their infants ... continued increase in HIV infection in women of childbearing age;12 absent or delayed prenatal care, particularly in women using illicit drugs; acute (primary) infection in late pregnancy and in...
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Comparing HIV prevalence estimates from prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme and the antenatal HIV surveillance in Addis Ababa docx
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 10:20
... used to monitor trends in HIV prevalence and to model incidence rates [1-6] It has also been used to direct efforts towards HIV/ AIDS prevention and control in the absence of reliable data for HIV/ AIDS ... had increased from six in 2004 to 54 in 2009 The site expansion was accompanied by an increased number of women testing There were marked increases in the rate of HIV testing following the introduction ... been used to monitor the HIV epidemic since the late 1980s Currently, routine data from Prevention of Mother -to- child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes are increasingly available Evaluating whether...
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báo cáo hóa học:" HIV prevention is not enough: child survival in the context of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission" potx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... denominators matter In the absence of any interventions, about a third of infants born to HIV- infected mothers acquire HIV infection About 20% of infants born to HIV- infected mothers acquire HIV ... Breakthroughs in preventing HIV transmission through breastfeeding It is an unfortunate reality that breakthroughs in confirming interventions to reduce HIV transmission through breastfeeding have ... born to HIV- infected mothers who elected to abstain from all breastfeeding was increased six-fold compared with infants born to mothers who elected to breastfeed [44] In a clinical trial in Botswana,...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Current status of medication adherence and infant follow up in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission programme in Addis Ababa: a cohort study" potx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... opportunistic infections • Infant feeding counselling • First pentavalent vaccine and other routine child health services and hepatitis B) and early infant HIV testing were done The HIV testing was done in ... were tested for HIV and 4.6% were HIV positive [3] Following HIV- positive diagnoses in antenatal clinics, HIV- positive mothers were referred to ART clinics in order to determine their eligibility ... using “the proportion of mothers’ receiving medication during pregnancy” as the indicator of PMTCT programme success in these settings Our findings suggest that exposed infant follow up was inconsistent...
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báo cáo khoa học: " A randomized controlled trial to prevent glycemic relapse in longitudinal diabetes care: Study protocol (NCT00362193)" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 05:22
... number which is the only link to the subject's identification Access to the identifying information is restricted to the principal investigator and the study coordinator Patients received $50 ... compensation, for example, may include increased exercise, increased monitoring or increased insulin use for a perturbation of diet self-care Intervention Fidelity To enhance the reliability and ... are instructed to wear the RT3 monitor during all possible non-sleeping activities, except during water sports, for the next days Once the monitor is initialized, it runs continuously without interruption...
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Báo cáo y học: " On the steps of cell-to-cell HIV transmission between CD4 T cells" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:22
... be required to definitively find out how HIV spreads in vivo http://www.retrovirology.com/content/6/1/89 HIV transfer versus HIV transmission To date, cell -to- cell HIV transmission to primary ... inhibitor AZT (data not shown), confirming the existence of a highly efficient process of productive infection acknowledged as HIV transmission The remaining fusion-independent p24 staining in ... access of HIV cores to the cytoplasm using fluorescent techniques [26] These differences should be taken into account when analyzing the inhibition of HIV transmission In particular, the misinterpretation...
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Bóa cáo y học: "Kinetic bed therapy to prevent nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysi" pps
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:23
... kinetic therapy or kinetic positioning or kinetic treatment table or continuous mechanical turning or continuous postural oscillation) combined with (pneumonia OR respiratory tract infection) There ... this information, a cost-utility analysis could be performed to help guide physicians and health care administrators in deciding the place of this therapy in preventing nosocomial pneumonia in ... Prospective trial of kinetic treatment in neurosurgery: Some preliminary findings Nursing Research Seminar on Continuous Oscillation and Controlled Air Suspension Therapy: 1987; San Antonio, Texas 1987...
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Báo cáo y học: "Prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: a decision analysis" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 20:21
... unlikely to apply to most clinical situations Considering the uncertainty, routinely withholding anticoagulant prophylaxis seems an appropriate strategy based on our findings, especially in the ... of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients Crit Care 2001, 5:368-375 Dickinson LD, Miller LD, Patel CP, Gupta SK: Enoxaparin increases ... demonstrating two strategies: providing anticoagulant prophylaxis at 24 hours to an adult patient following head injury with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), or withholding anticoagulant prophylaxis A linkage...
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Guidance for the Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Healthcare Settings doc
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 13:20
... • Fit testing • Training • Fit checking before use PPE Use in Healthcare Settings Prior to your using a respirator, your employer is required to have you medically evaluated to determine that ... http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/respirators PPE Use in Healthcare Settings These websites can provide you with the most up -to- date information on respirators 18 PPE Use in Healthcare Settings: How to Safely ... could be infectious • Recommends PPE and other infection control practices to prevent transmission in any healthcare setting • Decisions about PPE use determined by type of clinical interaction...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A comparison of decision-making by physicians and administrators in healthcare settings" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 03:20
... likely to dispel the perceptions outlined In summary, physicians and administrators are committed to the same goal Adhering to the principles of organizational justice would enable us to reduce ... conflicts while striving to provide value for patients Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests References Hardwick DF: ‘Directoring’ and managing in a professional ... in contributing to the employees’ perception of the fairness of the organization [5] This may be particularly relevant in situations where budget constraints are severe In a model of instructors...
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báo cáo hóa học:" India-US collaboration to prevent adolescent HIV infection: the feasibility of a family-based HIV-prevention intervention for rural Indian youth" pot
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... about HIV/ AIDS and how best to design a family-based intervention to prevent adolescent HIV infection We conducted exploratory research with families to generate insight into an understudied topic ... of HIV infection In addition, research is needed to elucidate the contextual factors associated with increased vulnerability to HIV infection among rural Indian adolescents One contextual factor ... approaches to preventing adolescent HIV infection in India are rare Indian culture is often characterized as having strong norms against open discussions of sexual behaviour [24], and Indian families...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Attitudes to routine HIV counselling and testing, and knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey among antenatal attendees" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... client-initiated or “opt -in approach (where clients are encouraged to undergo counselling and testing for HIV if they so wish) to routine HIV counselling and testing (RCT) was integrated into the prevention ... routine HIV counselling and HIV testing in the antenatal clinic, and knowledge about mother to child transmission of HIV and infant feeding options for HIVinfected mothers Exclusive breastfeeding ... and sustained increase in HIV- testing rates among antenatal attendees in Eastern Uganda after a policy change from voluntary counselling and testing to routine counselling and testing for HIV: a...
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báo cáo khoa học: " A review of health system infection control measures in developing countries: what can be learned to reduce maternal mortality" pps
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 14:21
... costeffectiveness in infection control is lacking There are few evaluations on infection control measures in labour and delivery, yet the principles of infection control remain the same across clinical ... Hospital Infection 2005, 64(3):217-223 22 Shears P: Poverty and infection in the developing world: Healthcarerelated infections and infection control in the tropics Journal of Hospital Infection ... of infection control guidelines Guideline Focus Description Infection Prevention Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities with Limited Resources (JHPIEGO) General infection prevention Tailored to...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Use of intranasal mupirocin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in intensive care units" docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 22:21
... mupirocin ointment In June 2001, clinicians from the medical ICU decided to stop using mupirocin for MRSA nasal decolonisation We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether intranasal ... of resistance to mupirocin [21,22] The body of the literature currently does not support routine intranasal mupirocin prophylaxis to all inpatients to decrease the rate of clinical infection However, ... mupirocin can effectively prevent the occurrence of endogenous acquired MRSA infections in ICUs • Further double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings...
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Báo cáo y học: " The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?" potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:23
... Interleukin-18: a proinflammatory cytokine in HIV- 1 infection Curr HIV Res 2006, 4:423-430 66 Choi HJ, Dinarello CA, Shapiro L: Interleukin-18 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type production in ... strongly increased viral transcription and inhibition of HIV- 1 entry to block superinfection within infected macrophages In addition type I interferon production is impaired in primary HIV- 1 infection ... production of cytokines [212], viral replication remains very low during the asymptomatic stage of HIV- 1 infection Specific immune responses including Th2 cytokines and CTLs continuously inhibit viral...
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Báo cáo y học: " Role of the C-terminal domain of the HIV-1 glycoprotein in cell-to-cell viral transmission between T lymphocytes" potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 23:23
... d post infection, MT-4 cells were infected to 100% with both viruses (as established by indirect immunofluorescence) and succumbed to HIV induced cytotoxicity Infection of H9 cells with HIV- Wt ... Chessie against the Env C-terminal tail (truncated in HIV- Env-Tr712) and the bottom part with p24 mAb B Average gp120 incorporation into HIVEnv-Tr712 virions in comparison to HIV- Wt (from independent ... highly infected (high) with VSV-G pseudotyped HIVWt, HIV- Env-Tr712 or HIV- EnvFus- Top panels: cell -to- cell transmission Washed donor cells were adjusted to 50% infection level with uninfected...
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Báo cáo y học: "Thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cells are susceptible to productive HIV-1 infection and efficiently transfer R5 HIV-1 to thymocytes in vitro" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 01:20
... After rinsing in PBS, the sections were exposed to biotinylated-mAb (Vectastain, Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA) for 30 min, rinsed with PBS and then incubated with Steptavidin-HRP ... following infection of either pDC or mDC in the presence of azidothymidine (AZT), indicating that EGFP expression represented the production of new virus proteins within the DC during a spreading infection ... cells are infected with HIV- 1 Thymocytes express low levels of CCR5 and are permissive to infection with R5 HIV- 1 in vivo [8,25], but are relatively resistant to R5 HIV- 1 infection as single cell...
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Báo cáo y học: "The utility of the new generation of humanized mice to study HIV-1 infection: transmission, prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment" docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 01:21
... overall decrease in hematoxylin and eosin-stained cells in the thymic organoid and small and large intestines in mice infected with a CXCR4-tropic strain [45] They also used FACS staining to show CD4 ... clinicians should administer anti-retrovirals to women who are at a high risk of HIV- 1 infection via vaginal intercourse In the second Denton et al report, the ability of RT inhibitors to prevent ... cells are engrafted in the meninges and perivascular spaces in the hNOG brain p24+ cells can be detected in the brain following intraperitoneal infection Human immune cells infiltrate regions...
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