inert gas exchange and bubbles pdf

... the end of the study Gas- exchange and fluorescence measurements were carried out over two years on four leaves at similar ontogenic stage (young and fully expanded) of four randomly selected plants ... infection than undisturbed plants, and if so, whether this would be reflected in gas- exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements During the summer, when soil and atmospheric water deficits ... springs and autumns and hot dry summers, with a mean annual temperature of 13–14 ºC and an annual precipitation of 500–700 mm Plants were irrigated daily with 1.33 L water during autumn and winter and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... DOY 190, and in the afternoon (1500 hours solar time) on the needles used for gas- exchange measurements, the needles were cut and respectively After rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored ... (about days) and it took about week for A and plant transpiration rate to recover the pre-stress values (figures and 2) gesting In contrast to our results obtained on needles, Nguyen and Lamant ... in drought stressed Q alba, Q macrocarpa and Q stellata seedlings, Can J For Res 18 (1988) 1-5 [12] Picon C., Guehl J.M., Ferhi A., Leaf gas- exchange and isotope composition responses to drought...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... examined the effects of CO enhancement i) on leaf gas exchange under well-watered conditions and moderate drought and ii) on biomass production and predict the impact of increasing CO upon natural ... plant physiology and growth (Field et al, 1992; Mousseau and Saugier, 1992) Generally, total growth of a plant is increased by elevated CO (Eamus and Jarvis, 1989), but leaf gas exchange appear ... harvested and divided into roots, stems and leaves Expanding leaves, secondary roots and stems were segmented Biomass of each part, length of the main root and stem, and total leaf area were recorded...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... were folded and clamped closed at the bottom end A sandy loam was used to backfill between the root plugs and the membrane to ensure the continuity of water films between the root plug and the membrane ... concentrations of 0, 40, and 80 g PEG/kg H and were used to fill 45-I basins O The concentrations correspond to water potentials of about 0, -0.04 and -0.12 MPa (Williams and Shaykewich, 1969) Four ... evaporative demand (E20: 20°C, 60% RH) or a high evaporative demand (E30: 30°C, 40% RH) The corresponding absolute humidity deficits in the cham-3 bers were 6.9 and 18.2 g m for E20 and E30, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... δ=R where s R and b R [1] refer to 13 ratio in the C 12 C/ Dee Belemnite standard sample and in the Pee (PDB), respectively RESULTS Microclimate, growth and gas exchange Gas exchange measurements ... were shaded all day long p I Water status and gas exchange measurements Water status and gas exchange measurements made periodically between July 11 and August 16 These measurements were carried ... transition between the shaded and the full sunlight exposed regions Gas exchange measurements were performed between 11.30 and 13.30 (UT) on leaves per tree Gas exchange parameters were calculated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... photosynthesis and stomatal control of gas exchange in three coniferous species Physiol Plant 73, 97-104 Guehl JM, Aussenac G (1987) Photosynthesis decrease and stomatal control of gas exchange in ... LWC is the mean of replicates Gas exchange measurements Whole leaf gas exchange was measured in an open system designed in the laboratory Net COassimilation (A) and transpiration (E) rates were ... (Boyer, 1976) and in ribulose-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenactivity (Vu et al, 1987) Leaf gas exchange measurements and analysis using diffusion models (Jones, 1973, 1985; Farquhar and Sharkey,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... profile A portable system was used to measure gas exchange in the field (LCA-2 system) Gas exchange calculations are according to von Caemmerer and Farquhar (1981) Leaf water potential was measured ... to be slightly higher (data not shown) We have expressed gas exchange measurements on an area-base because light interception and gas exchange with the atmosphere are areabased phenomena (however, ... instantaneous water use efficiencies (WUE) between evergreen and deciduous trees The small differences between INUE as estimated by gas exchange and as estimated by the relative amount of carbon stable...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... needles is fairly low (Troeng and Linder, 1982) Enclosing them in a cuvette causes errors in A, E and g Soil temperature affected gas exchange pine seedlings In general A and E were higher in warm ... photosynthesis and water relations with age and season in Abies amabilis Gan :J For, Res 14,77-84 Troeng E & Under S (1982) Gas exchange in Change a 20-year-old Scots pine I Net photosynthesis of current and ... the first 11 d and then declined The shape of the curve is similar to that for transpiration Conclusions Initiation and development of current yr needles affected the results of gas exchange measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... stability and PaO2 and PaCO2 for gas exchange Secondary study end points were systolic and mean arterial pressures, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2(PCO2), flow through the ILA system and return ... significant effect on gas exchange (PaO2 and arterial partial pressure of CO2(PaCO2)) and a harmful effect on circulation (coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial ... exert its beneficial effects on gas exchange or it may be harmful because of the arteriovenous shunt it causes We have tested the effects of CPR on circulation and gas exchange with or without an...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 13:16

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... solutions 3.12 Calibration Standard (CAL) A solution prepared from the primary dilution standard solution or stock standard solutions and the internal standards and surrogate analytes The CAL ... rules and land disposal restrictions The laboratory using this method has the respons-ibility to protect the air, water, and land by minimizing and controlling all releases from fume hoods and ... cartridge, and sufficiently volatile and thermally stable for gas chromatog-raphy Single-laboratory accuracy and precision data have been determined with two instrument systems using both disks and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... systems and controls, compliance with laws and regulations, and actions taken or planned It also provides a balanced assessment of the SEC programs and financial performance, and the efficiency and ... Chairman and Commissioners are responsible for the review and approval of enforcement cases and formal orders of investigation and the development, consideration, and execution of policies and rules ... transparent, and competitive manner, fostering capital formation and useful innovation Outcome 2.3: The SEC adopts and administers rules and regulations that enable market participants to understand clearly...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography to Environmental Matrices 437 Cardinaël Pascal, Bruchet Auguste and Peulon-Agasse Valérie VII Preface Gas chromatography has been and it still is, one ... to this technique and each area has its own strength and focus towards giving highly sensitive and specific identification and quantitation of compounds from different sources and origins The chapters ... research and development in gas chromatography This includes multidimensional and time of flight gas chromatography I hope that this book will contribute significantly to the basic and advanced...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 14:20

... differed between seedlings and adults and to analyse the relationships between leaf traits and gas exchange at the two stages Strong relationships between leaf N content and gas exchange rates have ... the months of July and August, and summer drought occurs every year 2.2 Gas- exchange measurements Gas- exchange measurements were carried out in the field, during late spring and early summer (before ... leaf N contents and gas exchange rates [25, 27] However, the relationships between N content and photosynthesis can be affected by compromises between maximising carbon gain and water conservation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... no effect on gas exchange, phenolics and TNC of live oak seedlings; and that interactions of CO with soil resource limitations (N) would have no effect on these variables Materials and methods ... avoid positional effects one 2.2 Gas exchange Measurements of stomatal conductance (g and C ) s exchange rate (CER) were made at the growth [CO ] with a portable gas- analysis system (LI-6200, Li-cor ... temperature, RH and PPFD in the leaf cuvette were kept at growth conditions exchange of six different were selected for harfor growth measurements, at the start of CO and nutrient treatments and continued...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... young stands even though stand total leaf area remains high [1] A three- dimensional gas exchange model (STANDFLUX; cf [18]), which includes sub-models for light interception and for gas exchange ... stages and with intermediate forest structures, as shown for instance by Buchmann et al [13] Based on measurements of needle gas exchange [17] and gas exchange of branches without needles and trunks ... accuracy of ± 20% DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Gas exchange rates of the six Norway spruce canopies were described with the three dimensional gas exchange model STANDFLUX with one species-specific...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... Treatment means, pooled for the whole summer, of net C0 exchange (CER) and needle conductance (Gn) of the clones are shown in Fig a, b C0 exchange rate was reduced for all clones at pH 4.0+ as ... simulated (acidic) pre- cipitation treatment Acknowledgments Discussion and Conclusion The reduction of CER and Gn at pH 4.0 + and the significant pH x ions interaction suggest a synergism between ... & Impens (1986) Direct effects of simulated acid wet deposition on gas exchange of Norway spruce In: Direct Effects of Dry and Wet Deposition on Forest Ecosystems - in Particular Canopy Interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... endothelial function and gas exchange efficiency and exercise capacity in a large-scale population-based study Our previous work assessed the influence of smoking on exercise capacity and gas exchange efficiency ... diameter) and nitroglycerinmediated dilation with gas exchange and exercise capacity parameters in current smokers 0.2 (-2.0; 2.4) FMD NMD † Age to CPET, endothelial function determination and baseline ... body size, smoking, and beta blockade on key gas exchange exercise parameters in an adult population Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010, 17(4):469-476 Cooper CJ, Landzberg MJ, Anderson TJ, Charbonneau...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... pulmonary gas exchange has not been clarified With the multiple inert gas elimination technique, developed by Wagner et al [13] and modified for use in the standing horse [14], the pulmonary gas exchange ... Sampling of blood and expired gas for measurements of gas concentrations by the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) were performed in the unsedated standing horse (Unsedated) and started ... where z = a, v, ć PćO2 ≈ PAO2 Data on ventilation and blood gases are presented in Table 1, pulmonary gas exchange based on inert gas data in Table and circulation in Table Cardiac output (Qt) was...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22