indirect effects of algal chemistry associational defenses mutualisms and shared doom

... understanding of the chemical nature of many of the substances that serve as signal molecules in the marine environment and occupants of cell-surface receptors in the internal environment of metazoans ... Biology of Taste and Olfaction: Current Techniques and Protocols, Spielman, A I and Brand, J G., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, 241 46 Grünert, U and Ache, B W., Ultrastucture of the aesthetasc ... combining the techniques of classical genetics, molecular genetics, and biochemistry Upon occupation of a receptor by an appropriate ligand, conformational changes in the structure of the receptor transmit...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... inhibition (i.e autoregulation) of PAL at a certain level of endogenous cinnamate [16] PAL in higher plants is coded by a family of genes, and the presence of PAL isoforms is a common observation ... partitioning of photosynthate into particular branches of phenylpropanoid metabolism may involve labile multienzyme complexes that include specific isoforms of PAL [22,23] Isolation and properties of PAL ... 93, 43 and 41% amino acid identity to that from human [32], Pseudomonas putida [33] and Bacillus subtilis [34], respectively On the basis of the functional similarity of HAL and PAL, of the same...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... to examine the effects of altering the TOS motif in 4E-BP1 Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 involves multiple sites and a rather complex hierarchy [19,26,27,33,34] To assess the effects of altering the ... a comparison of the amounts of GST fusion proteins used in each case Some degradation of the GST fusion proteins is evident from the presence of products running at the position of GST itself ... loss of raptor binding on removal of the first 17 residues may be accounted for simply by the loss of the RAIP motif We therefore also tested the binding of raptor to full-length 4E-BP1 and to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... enzymatically and subjected to LCMS ⁄ MS Thus, a detection limit of about 0.5 ngÆmL)1 CEdGA,B was achieved Identification of CEdGA,B and assessment of the glycation rate For unequivocal identification of ... appearance of a peak pair with retention times of 8.3 and 9.5 min, and (b) the presence and (c) the correct proportion of the three major mass transitions of CEdGA,B that were used for MS ⁄ MS detection ... thorough removal of RNA from the samples and the use of negative ionization for Fig Restriction digests of CEdG-modified and unmodified pGL3 Control vector For the introduction of CEdG adducts,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... proportionally and using unlabeled dCTP nucleotides The cDNA is then phenol:chloroform extracted and precipitated by the addition of 0.5 volumes of 7.5 M ammonium acetate and volumes of ethanol The ... the absence of methotrexate is controversial 15'16 The physical location of the amplified sequences and the degree of amplification achieved have profound effects on the stability of the production ... suitable, of which lipofection or calcium phosphate-mediated transfection works best in our hands If lipofection is used, a comparison of different liposome preparations and careful optimization of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:41

... of the MED method to develop an efficient, flexible, reliable and user-friendly software, MEDSoft, to provide worldwide biology community a way of analyzing and studying the motifs data MEDSoft ... particular function of cell Figure 2.1 Gene activation model (A) Model of typical gene and components involved in gene activation and inactivation (B) Activation of a gene and assembly of the Pol II ... structures of TBP and TBP–TFIIB and TBP–TFIIA complexes with DNA have been solved, exposing insights into the process of promoter recognition Both TFIIA and TFIIB contacting with DNA and TBP can expand...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2015, 09:45

... base solutions (AT1V and AT2V) The compositions of AT1V and AT2V are also shown in Table The pH value and OPR of AT1V are 5.5 and approximately 5, and those of AT2V are 5.5 and approximately The ... aureus, the standard strain ATCC13880 and clinical isolates (N4, N5) of Serratia marcescens, the standard strain ATCC11778 and clinical isolates (H1, H2, H3) of Bacillus cereus, and the standard strain ... standard strains of bacterial species did not increase even at pH6.0, but increased at pH6.5 and pH7.0 At pH6.5 and pH7.0, the growth rates of the standard strains of S aureus, S marcescens and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... before and after SC-CO2 treatment, ten cells were randomly selected from SEM photographs, and the length and width of cells were measured The data presented was the means with standard deviation of ... before and after SC-CO2 treatment, ten cells were randomly selected from SEM photographs, and the length and width of cells were measured The data presented was the means with standard deviation of ... with standard errors of the results of experiments performed in triplicate - 243 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 7, No 4, 2009 Electron microscopy E coli cells before and after...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 8, No.4, 2010 The contribution ratio of PC1 and PC2 were 43.8% and 18.6%, respectively, and the accumulated contribution ratio for PC1 and PC2 ... Outline of the experimental field and the water treatment apparatus - 422 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 8, No.4, 2010 Paddy field The characteristics of the paddy field and the ... and less than 1% for MK-11(H2) The contributions of MK-9(H2) and MK-11(H2) were neglected, because the contents of MK-9(H6) and MK-11(H2) were very small PC1 was considered to be mainly Q-8 and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... variety of sensory cues such as off-colours, offodours, off- flavours, softening of vegetables and fruits, and slime However, even before it becomes obvious, microbes have begun the process of breaking ... were an ion source temperature of 200 oC, ionization voltage of 70 eV and mass scan range of m/z 23- 450 at 2.76 scans/s Table 2: Result of GC-MS analysis of healthy and spoilt mango fruits RT (mm) ... Listeria monocytogenes and Candida krusei respectively The result of GC-MS analysis of diethyl ether extract obtained from healthy and spoilt mango revealed the presence of 11 and 16 compounds (Table...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... eRF1 in vitro [20,30], of yeast eRF1 in vivo [3], and of Es coli RF2 both in vivo and in vitro [31,32] For instance, GAQ mutants of both RF1 and RF2 are four to five orders of magnitude less efficient ... structure and dynamics of eRF1 middle domain A B Fig 1H,15N-HSQC spectra of the M domain of human eRF1 The numbering of the residues corresponds to that of the full eRF1 protein (A) The Gly region of ... H, N-HSQC spectrum of the M domain of human eRF1 recorded at 278 K (B) The superposition of the 1H,15N-HSQC spectra of wild-type (red) and G183A mutant (blue) of the M domain of human eRF1 recorded...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... The similarity and identity between amino acids 90–346 of Dm-eIF4B and Sch pombe Sce3p are 44% and 36%, respectively, and 34% and 24% between amino acids 157–419 of Dm-eIF4B-L and both eIF4B1 ... eIF4B, eIF4A and eIF4F are involved in the scanning process complementing the role of eIF1 and eIF1A, and that in the presence of eIF4F, eIF4B and eIF4A, scanning is less dependent on eIF1 and eIF1A ... digested with DNAse I and purified using the RNeasy kit Isoform- specific dsRNAs were produced by hybridization of an equimolar amount of sense and antisense RNAs in 50 mM NaCl and 20 mM Tris/HCl...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... 0.87% C different soils: River sand, Gley, Gray lowland, Andosol and Humic Andosol (pH 5.7–8.5) different soils—River sand, Gley, Gray lowland, Andosol and Humic Andosol (pH 5.7–8.5)q2% sludge ... Application of Cd (55–400 mg kgy1) delayed the decomposition of glutamic acid in both sandy and silty loam soils, but not in clay and sandy peat soils (Haanstra and Doelman, 1984) The mineralization of ... Schweiz Landwrits Foresch 18, 311–324 Wilke, B.M., 1991 Effects of single and successive additions of cadmium nickel and zinc on carbon dioxide evolution and dehydrogenase activity in a sandy luvisol...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:21

... kinases and corresponds to Thr446 of PKR, Thr981 of PERK and Thr899 of GCN2 [18–20] By contrast to earlier studies Fig In vitro kinase activities of wild-type and mutant proteins SDS ⁄ PAGE of Phos-tag ... reveal His6NTD and KD interactions Lane M is the marker band Only in the presence of heme (lanes and 4) were interactions between His6NTD and KD detected In the absence of heme (lanes and 3), interactions ... Effects of dephosphorylation on heme sensitivity Next, we examined the catalytic activities of dephosphorylated HRI, and compared the catalytic and heme-sensing properties of phosphorylated and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... showing that the soft spot of an antibody is its CH1 domain [10] Antibodies are composed of a basic unit of two heavy and two light chains, each of which has repeating units of ‘constant’ or ‘variable’ ... human genome, and understanding their specific functions and interrelationships is of considerable importance, given their value to industry and medicine Protein folding in vitro and in vivo In ... of gp160 is removed after synthesis, and its rate of removal both determines, and is determined by, folding of the protein, suggesting that the signal peptide helps to control the efficiency of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... natural growth hormones and trace elements, and good source of nitrogen and potassium? Check out the kinds of materials you can ferment and use to induce growth, flowering and fruiting Fish Amino ... farmers of the East may focus on microbial farming Natural farmers focus on microorganisms and enzymes, on energy chi, balance and harmony, of opposites, yin and yang Living soil is the basis of soil ... the alpha and omega, the beginning and end And what makes a living soil is the existence of life forms like microorganisms Without them, we cannot create and sustain soil fertility and health...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:18

... dimensional nanofluid velocity; af is the thermal diffusivity of a nanofluid, k/ (rc)f; k is the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid; and (rc) f is the volumetric heat capacity of the nanofluid Kuznetsov ... presence of microorganisms makes the oscillatory mode of instability impossible (corresponding values of ω are imaginary) Conclusions The possibility of oscillatory mode of instability in a nanofluid ... Pressure drop and heat transfer of Al2O3-H2O nanofluids through silicon microchannels J Micromech Microeng 2009, 19:105020 21 Do KH, Jang SP: Effect of nanofluids on the thermal performance of a flat...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... use of less polar educts, and potential reversal of hydrolytic reactions, all of which make them powerful candidates for industrial biocatalysts (Ma et al., 2010) The increase of salinity and ... on Earth and are generally associated with mining activities One of the main sources of acidity is the natural oxidation and dissolution of sulfidic minerals exposed to oxygen and water and this ... application of recent molecular genetic systems and genome sequence data have given new clues in understanding of heavy metal tolerance, implementation of a genetic system and discovery of a new...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... staff of the Department of Microbial Ecology and Department of Experimental Mycology of the Institute of Microbiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, who helped with the organization of the ... application of biological preparations may in the future partially replace the use of agrochemicals and thus contribute to environmental improvement and enhancement of the quality of soil, water and ... enzymes of a range of isolates of _T harzianum and viride using gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focussing, chromatofocussing and fast protein liquid chromatography (Ridout et al., 1986 and unpublished)...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... the standard of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development, in the slaughtering process each cattle, pig and poultry need 300 to 500 liter of water, 100 liter of water and 30 liter of water, ... level of hygiene, the dressing procedures and the general condition of the plant That may effect on the overall level of E coli contamination Comparison with the Standard of MARD, the level of E ... handle carcasses with their bare hands Crosscontamination of carcasses with S aureus constitutes part of the normal flora of the human hand (Ayc- ic-ek et al., 2004) Enterotoxigenic strains of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:22