indexing and referential dependencies

... p> l and me lg. For any ¢i~=(n), neN, sets .~(n), B(n) and G{n) will denote the set of elements that c-command n and lie 3Disjoint reference constraints arising from Principles B and C ... this case, 1 and 2 are both contributing to the reference of 4 (the split antecedent) and of 3. On the other hand, language L 3 encodes all the cases in which an element receives a referential ... this case, two split antecedents (6 and 7) are introduced that share the component 1; therefore, overlapping reference obtains between 6 and 7 and between 3 and 5. The BT version considered...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... into their stem and suffix forms is beneficial when the split is performed using a morphologi- cal analyzer and (ii) allowing the model to choose stem and suffix dependencies separately and flex- ibly ... out-of-vocabulary rates and the regu- larities they possess at the sub-word level. The standard n-gram language model ignores long-distance relationships between words and uses the independence ... only between stems but also be- tween stems and suffixes and if we use complete words as unit tokens, we will not be able to rep- resent these sub-word dependencies. Our work- ing hypothesis is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... Saggion, and Y. Wilks. 2002. Extract- ing Relational Facts for Indexing and Retrieval of Crime-Scene Photographhs. In A. Macintosh, R. El- lis, and F. Coenen, editors, Applications and Inno- vations ... can be used as the starting point for indexing. We have focused on the devel- opment and implementation of automatic caption- based techniques for indexing and retrieval of pho- tographs taken ... from the data. MARIE (Guglielmo and Rowe, 1996) is a system that uses a domain lexicon and a type hierarchy to represent both queries and captions in a logical form and then matches these representations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... context features can be generic, referential or N/A). 5 Experiments and Results As Table 1 shows, there are very few occurrences of the referential plural, reported referential and am- biguous classes. ... referen- tial and non -referential readings: (M ¨ uller, 2006) use lexical and syntactic features in a rule-based clas- sifier to detect non -referential uses, achieving raw accuracies around 74-80% and F-scores ... Testing Generic 360 79 Referential singular 287 92 Referential plural 17 3 Reported referential 5 1 Ambiguous 4 1 Total 673 176 Table 1: Number of cases found. originally referential use (as the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 03:20

... between shift and reduce operations and between different reduce operations. Shieber and Pereira demonstrate that if shift/reduce clashes are resolved in favour of shifting and reduce/reduce ... impossible, Lexicat moves to the reduction phase and attempts a reduction between Ceil2 and Cell3 using rules of backward and forward application and a more constrained rule of forward composition. ... plausible and unified account of the parsing of unbounded dependencies. UNBOUNDED DEPENDENCY AMBIGUITIES Unbounded dependencies are found in English constituent questions, relative clauses and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2014, 03:59

... between A and B number of spurts between A and B number of spurts of speaker B between A and B do A and B overlap? Durational features: duration of A if A and B do not overlap: time separating A and B if ... in cases where candidates are assigned an initial rank beforehand. pragmatic dependencies between agreement and disagreement labels. These features are shown to be informative and to help the ... “yes” and “right”, as listed in (Cohen, 2002), general cue phrases, e.g. “but” and “alright” (Hirschberg and Litman, 1994), and adjectives with positive or negative polarity (Hatzi- vassiloglou and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... each node, the t and b statements, with the t statement written above the b statement. Let us say that troo~,broot and tloot= bLoo~ are the t and b statements of the root and foot nodes ... what t and b stand for, it is obvious that on adjoining the statements t, and troot hold for the node corresponding to the root of the auxiliary tree. Similarly, the statements b, and b/oo~ ... adjoining, we unify t, with troot, and b, with b/oot. In fact, this adjoining-is permissible only if t.oo~ and t. are compatible and so are b/oot and b~. If we do not adjoin at the node,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Certain and Rej and the in- teraction between Uncertain and Rej. 5 Results - dependencies In this section we present all significant depend- encies between SRP and student state both within and ... SRP and our coarse-level emo- tion annotation (EnE) both within and across turns. Our results are similar with the results of our previous work (Rotaru and Litman, 2005) on a smaller corpus and ... certainty and correctness. We apply Chi Square (χ2) analysis to a cor- pus of speech-based computer tutoring dialogues to discover these dependencies both within and across turns. Significant dependencies...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... linking in a PiG, and by the constraints introduced via functional structures in LFG. In a GPSG on the other hand, recurslon and the checking of the dependencies go hand in hand in a sense. ... TAG the dependencies are defined on the elementary trees(which are bounded) and these dependencies are then preserved by the ad~olnlng(recurslve) operation. This is how rectlrsion and dependencies ... RECURSION AND DEPENDENCIES: AN ASPECT OF TREE ADJOINING GRAMMARS (TAG) AND A COMPARISON OF SOME FORMAL PROPERTIES OF TAGS, GPSGS, PLGS, AND LPGS * Aravind K. Joshi Department of Computer and Information...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... test your understanding of the concepts that were covered in the lesson and will provide you with feedback. Good luck! 3. Metadata standards and subject indexing – 3. Metadata standards for the ... environment, and use the PDF version for printing the lesson and to use as a reference after you have completed the course. 3. Metadata standards and subject indexing – 3. Metadata standards for ... authority for its elements and qualifiers. The DCMI is the Registration authority for its elements and qualifiers. 3. Metadata standards and subject indexing – 3. Metadata standards for the web:...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 11:55

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... will Ⅲ Understand the embedded Linux development environment. Ⅲ Understand and create Linux BSP for a hardware platform. Ⅲ Understand the Linux model for embedded storage and write drivers and applications ... leaks and memory corruption in applica- tions and drivers. Ⅲ Learn methods to profile applications and the kernel. Ⅲ Understand uCLinux architecture and its programming model. Ⅲ Understand the ... I2C subsystem, and USB gadgets. vi Embedded Linux System Design and Development Ⅲ Borland is a registered trademark of Borland Software Corporation in the United States and other countries. ...

Ngày tải lên: 04/08/2012, 14:23

... during transport and handling – particle and ingredient segregation (separation) occurs when particles of different sizes and bulk densities are blended together and transported or handled. 4. ... Size, Bulk Density and pH Particle size and particle size uniformity of feed ingredients are important considerations of livestock and poultry nutritionists when selecting sources and determining ... of U.S. DDGS Physical and chemical characteristics of distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) vary among sources and can influence its feeding value and handling characteristics. These...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2012, 10:03