in vitro models of development and disease

... Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2005, 2:20 Background Disturbances in gait are symptomatic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) Gait abnormalities in PD include ... forelimbs and hind limbs B Representative gait signals of the left forelimb and right hind limb of a saline-treated C57BL/6J mouse walking at a speed of 34 cm/s Duration of stride, stance, and swing ... right forelimbs of a 3NP-treated mouse demonstrating coordinated stepping, despite hind limb failure of stepping The signals of left and right hind limbs are not coordinated and reflect artefacts...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... injury were first incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C, 95% air and 5% CO2 in EM containing 4.5 μM PI Following baseline fluorescence imaging the traumatic brain injury was generated using an apparatus ... two and three hours after injury Discussion We investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of the noble gas argon in two in vitro models of OGD and TBI Our methods involved depriving cultured ... benzodiazepine binding site and possibly at multiple other discrete sites of the GABAA receptor [49] The activation of GABA receptors has been shown to be neuroprotective in in vitro and in vivo...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 20:21

... cells producing TGF-β resulted in the induction of Treg in vivo and in vitro in a murine model [52] Moreover, the blockade of TGF-β reduces Treg induction by the fusion cell vaccine and enhances ... (obtained with following informed consent and approved by our institutional review board obtained) was isolated and maintained in TIL Media I medium with 10% heat-inactivated FCS, mM L-glutamine, ... each vaccination [27,33] Autologous FCs were irradiated, suspended in 0.3 ml normal saline, and underwent up to nine times vaccinations via SC injection in the left inguinal area at 2-week intervals...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... changes in cartilage in response to joint instability or in OA Manipulation of the retinoic acid signalling pathway may prove useful in modifying the clinical course of OA The joint instability models ... joint four weeks post-surgery [30] Crabp2 is regulated by retinoic acid and is often induced upon activation of this pathway [33] We were interested in confirming these findings and determining ... retinoid signalling pathway were found to be significantly elevated in the joints of the aforementioned rat OA joint instability model, including genes encoding proteins involved in retinoic acid...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... activation and IL8 production [25,26] CARR injection in the hind paw of the mouse is one of the most commonly used models of inflammation and inflammatory pain and it has a biphasic profile [27] ... the FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain of PTPH1 is necessary for the inhibition of Mek, Erk, Jnk and AP-1 and also for localization of the phosphatase on the plasma membrane of Jurkat ... WT and KO mice displayed a LPS-induced increase in TNFα and IL10; b) MCP-1 and IL6 levels were significantly increased by LPS in both WT and KO mice; dot line indicates the detection limit of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... reported in other models of disease [11] Thus, the beneficial effects of EPO in rodent models of endotoxaemia may vary with doses of EPO and LPS, as well as species (rat or mouse) used Interestingly, ... injury/dysfunction and survival) in models of CLP Interestingly, in 86 patients admitted to a long-term acute care facility, administration of weekly recombinant human EPO (n = 42) resulted in ... period of days [12] The reported beneficial effects of EPO in preclinical models of shock, trauma and haemorrhage are exciting, but further studies are warranted to determine the effects of EPO...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:21

... cells per millilitre and a final alginate concentration of 1.2% The alginate beads were then incubated in combinations of medium supplemented with or without serum and glucose and in 21% or 1% oxygen, ... UK); this staining was negative The presence of filamentous actin (F-actin) was assessed using fluorescently tagged phalloidin (FITC-phalloidin; Molecular Probes Inc., now part of Invitrogen Corporation, ... different in either condition (original magnification ×200) collagen type I and II, whether in monolayer or alginate cultures (Figure 4b) Staining for F-actin was used as an indicator of protein production...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... compartment is involved in the induction and organogenesis of various organs, including lung, limb, kidney, pancreas, prostate, and mammary gland In general, the process of organ induction begins with ... clinical prostate cancers and metastases indicates deregulation of several pathways, including androgen/AR, Hedgehog, MAPK and neuroactive ligand/receptor signalling [abstract] In Proceedings of ... by arrows in male and female) In females there was staining in the mesenchyme of the Mullerian duct (MD) In males, the seminal vesicle (SV) mesenchyme showed little or no staining In both sexes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... human 18 induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HPTC-like cells for the development of in vitro models.   19 1.4 Role of inflammation in drug-induced nephrotoxicity in humans In the development ... 103 Figure 18: Immunostaining of NF-B p65 in HK-2 cells and HPTCs 107 Figure 19: Detection of NF-B p65 in by immunoblotting in protein lysates of HK-2 cells and HPTCs ... HPTC-based in vitro model for nephrotoxicology developed here employed drug-induced increases in mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-8 as endpoint Pro-inflammatory...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 06:22

... a combination of such factors (Chapter 4) In such Analysis, sequencing and in vitro expression of PCR products 89 cases it is often possible to increase the sensitivity of the analysis in order ... separation in thin-coated capillaries containing nonpolymerized gel matrices and laser detection systems The introduction and removal of polymer from the capillaries, plus loading and running samples and ... exhausted the primer in excess continues to allow linear accumulation of one strand of DNA suitable for subsequent DNA sequencing Analysis, sequencing and in vitro expression of PCR products 99...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 22:20

... role of AP-2a and AP-2e in chondrogenesis Overview of the differentiation stages during chondrogenesis and the involvement of transcription factors (henatoxylin and eosin-stained section of an ... tumorigenesis and genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target gene ... proline-rich and glutamine-rich N-terminus, which is important for transactivation, is shown in yellow, and contains the PY-motif (green) The helix–span–helix domain at the C-terminus shown in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Ni(II) exchange by albumin, we characterized the binding parameters and performed parallel kinetic studies using HSA and BSA and three simple analogues of the N-terminal binding site These were: ... Ni(II) binding to DAHKam and HSA at pH 7.4 in 100 mM phosphate buer Left panel, kinetic plots (d, experimental points constructed by adding intensities at extremes of dd bands, 475 and 410 nm, lines ... neighbouring His242) bind phosphate ions, thereby providing another level of competition for metal ion binding Kinetics of Ni(II) binding and Cu(II)/Ni(II) exchange The data presented in Table...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... integrating the qualitative and quantitative findings in meaningful interpretations An Atlas in the final section of this book complements Chapter by providing interpretive practice for many real (and ... Dementia and When to Perform PET Linda M Ercoli and Gary W Small Clinical Interpretation of Brain PET Scans: Performing Visual Assessments, Providing Quantifying Data, and Generating Integrated ... (currently an off-label use), but the results of randomized clinical trials of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in MCI indicate that efficacy and safety may vary depending on the individual drug and outcome...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... (DDIs and doxorubicin) The DNA bulge binding of both compounds was detected by CD and UV melting experiments Possible slippage mechanisms are discussed Results and Discussion Effect of DDI-1A and ... change in Tm (DTm) for the ATT bulge increased by 3.4 and 1.7 °C in the presence of DDI-1A and DDI-1B, respectively The increase in DTm for DDI-1A was higher than that for DDI-1B, implying that intercalation ... binding pocket, with its amino sugar anchored Expansion of DNA repeat sequences in the major groove of the DNA pointing toward the 3¢-bulge-flanking base pair We were interested in small molecules that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... challenges of extrapolating in vitro findings to in vivo evaluation of plant resources The chapters in this book are written by experts interested in exploring and making better use of plant biodiversity ... another recent development: the emergence and wide-spread incidence of chemical residues in human food and antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance causing a surge of interest in the use of “natural” ... to the methods involved in collecting, preparing and screening plants for bioactive properties for use in manipulating key ruminal fermentation pathways and against gastrointestinal pathogens...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20

... vitro HCV infection models This model has essentially been used in two major fields of research: binding process and vaccination development Specific binding of HCV-like particles was obtained for ... mutations are at the N-terminus of the NS3 helicase, in two distinct positions of NS4B, in the centre of NS5A and in the C-terminal region of NS5B [3–6] The significance of these mutations has been ... the poor binding inhibition achieved in the presence of mAbs directed against CD81 In contrast, heparin sulfate seemed to mediate this interaction [53] Taking advantage of this binding model, a...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... complexity of biological systems and the difculty (or at least infrequency) of obtaining kinetic parameters require the development of new analytical methods for both in vitro and in silico biology ... ratio of apparent dissociation constants for binding GST-IjBa in the presence and absence of ATP, and the value of a indicates whether the binding of one substrate (ATP) affects the afnity of the ... = Intensity of nucleus Intensity of cytoplasm Intensity of nucleus Scheme This is a simplication of a cell as seen by analysis software, where the software measures the intensity of NF-jB in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... available and its binding affinity is not altered by the presence of DNA in the DNA binding site Interestingly, when nM RNA and 10 nM DNA were added simultaneously to a limiting amount of protein in ... stringent concentration of KCl, there was a correlation between inhibition of endonuclease activity and inhibition of splicing activity indicating that RNA binding can be monitored by measuring ... filter binding assay in TK8 buffer with nM I-AniI and varying concentrations of end-labeled pCOBLE or uniformly labeled AnCOB pre-RNA RNA binding reactions contained mM MgCl2 and DNA binding reactions...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... different kinds of institutional providers of microfinance and, especially, their development into selfsustaining, commercial microfinance institutions capable of reaching growing numbers of poor clients, ... microfinance and innovating in commercial- informal financial linkages; and a challenge to the supervisory authorities in applying the regulatory guidelines to ensure discipline as well as innovation ... business, with single-borrower limits for individual loans; and establish criteria for cla ssifying microfinance loans into current and delinquent, provisioning standards for delinquent loans, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... pathway Rybp also interacts with ubiquitin-binding protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, and the HIPPI interactor apotin Interaction of HIPPI with Rybp is involved in murine neural development, although ... Huntingtin–protein interactions and the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease Trends Genet 20, 146–154 11 Li XJ, Friedman M & Li S (2007) Interacting proteins as genetic modifiers of Huntington disease ... resulting in aggregates ⁄ neuronal intranuclear inclusions Aggregates ⁄ neuronal intranuclear inclusions are observed in cell models, brains of transgenic animals, and post-mortem brains of HD...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20