... give the variability ofthe transmitted radiation inthe shaded area at the scale ofthe sensor Increasing the area of comparison improves the relationship: the regression coefficients inthe ... defines the fine spatial pattern of light transmission Inthe case of a clear sky, points at the understorey level may have been exposed to direct radiation or not according to the gaps within the ... overestimates the transmitted radiation Therefore, if the shaded area increases with larger trees, theofthe model in simulating the irradiance distribution would probably decrease ability Thespatial distribution...
... observed in Ninewah city, it shows that the general trend of temperatures increase, heat waves are increasing, the number of hot days increase inthe summer, decreases the amount of rainfall, ... rainfall, especially during the last two decades, bad distributionof rainfall during the rainy season, late rainy season and increases the frequency of drought cycles and severity inthe region 2008 ... Inspecting the origins and causes ofthe dust storms inthe Southwest and West parts of Iran and the regions affected Internal reports of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute...
... ofthe mean transmittance existed from the bottom to the top ofthe tree crown Like inthe PAR domain, the variability ofthe transmittance was more marked at the top and the bottom than in middle ... Incident radiation The spectral distributionofthe incident radiation as used inthe model is the global radiation and the proportion of diffuse above the canopy tree Spectra of incident global ... canopies and they were not tested against measured data of radiation microclimate within the canopy This paper is a first attempt at describing thespatialdistributionof MAR inthe crown of an isolated...
... lifespan of PTSD distributionThe inclusion of participants beyond the age of 80 would touch on something new and concurrently bring diversity into the range ofthe population examined Future research ... the PTSD literature in mind, we find it relevant to examine the following hypotheses concerning the lifespan distributionof PTSD prevalence: (a) the lifespan distributionof PTSD will be different ... some ofthe variance seen inthe present study It is desirable that the combined effect of gender and age on PTSD is studied in other parts ofthe world in order to see if the present Page 10 of...
... and the utilization of clinic services on the other, as exemplified by the situation in Hong Kong In interpreting the results inthe study, there are two unique features of heroin dependence in ... Page of Figure Map of Hong Kong showing boundaries of 18 administrative districts, location of 20 methadone clinics including the study clinic and the district where the clinic is located ering in ... of respondents living inthe district was very close to that ofthe residential buildings The methadone clinic was within the buffer zone representing 67% (1 Standard Deviation/S.D.) ofthe spatial...
... direct investment (FDI) in China has widening, but FDI has been diffusing within the two areas Using data for 28 Chinese provinces from 1985 to 2007, I examine the determinants of regional distribution ... composition of FDI in China Sectoral composition of FDI in China is also different from that of other developing countries On average, 38% ofthe FDI stock in developing countries was in manufacturing ... difference inthe methodology for FDI statistics in China10 1.4 Regional distributionof FDI in China Thedistributionof FDI within China has always been extremely biased towards the coastal areas In...
... explore thespatial clusters of suicide Inthespatial cluster analysis, the suicide relative risk (RR) of each LGA was calculated using a Poisson model, and the mean RR of each cluster (including ... analyses and interpretation ofthe results All the authors contributed to the preparation ofthe final manuscript and approved the submission Competing interests The authors declare that they have ... is the second largest state in Australia, in terms of areas and lies inthe northeast ofthe country with an area about 1.73 million km2 and a total population of 4.41 million in June 2009 Southeast...
... that thespatial profiles of longitudinal expansion rate in primary roots of seedlings growing at high and low Ψw were similar to those inthe hybrid line used in earlier investigations, and, therefore, ... concentrations of ABA inhibit root growth at high Ψw [30,31] Thus, the growth-inhibiting ability of ABA must be diminished at low Ψw while permitting the growthmaintaining functions of ABA to operate ... putative SINAT5, a ubiquitin protein ligase, was up-regulated by stress in C1 SINAT5 expression is enhanced by auxin in root tips of Arabidopsis [38] and increased expression of SINAT5 protein in transgenic...
... number of samples taken in Korea Inthe case of Tokyo and inthe Philippines, urban runoff from roads on rainy days contributes to the increase in metal concentration inthe sediments of receiving ... samples taken inthe eastern side of Manila Bay The concentration profiles inthe sea sediments show the decrease in lead and zinc concentrations inthe sediments with the increase inthe distance ... on the uniform distributionof these metals inthe sediments ofthe lake The higher concentration inthe northwest part ofthe lake is probably due to reverse flow ofthe polluted Pasig River in...
... 5.2 Spatialdistributionofthe composite index of economic prosperity 97 Figure 5.3 Thespatialdistributionofthe composite index of education 99 Figure 5.4 Thespatialdistributionofthe ... economy of Zimbabwe The aim of these policies is the reduction of inequalities inthespatial economy 1.7 Organisation ofthe thesis Chapter contains a review ofspatial development theory, policy ... capable of determining the production and pricing ofthe gods and services 1.5 Thespatial economy Thespatial economy refers to the geographical or spatial patterns of economic development or the...
... range in Laos the planted intensity rose in different slope gradients 1980 Slope (°) 1990 2000 2010 Within China Within China Within Myanm ar Within China Within Laos Within Myanm ar Within China ... substitution planting: more income for local farmers, less drugs for the world The Border Region of China, Laos and Myanmar BRCLM includes three counties in southwest Yunnan Province, China (Jinghong ... distribution interval: 400~1200m; over 4/5 concentrated inthe gradients of 600~1000m; rarely occurred in elevations beyond 1200 m •1980-2010: the proportion of rubber plantations area inthe elevation of...
... blended into the low frequency by the down sampling However, they are not the same flat when we compare the intensity of them at the same pixel location since the frequency blending cannot contaminate ... first, the competitive regions of Kodak 19 are shown in Figure In each ofthe image crop, the vertically directed line edge pattern ofthe fence and the edge junctions ofthe window are depicted In ... regions Inthe resultants ofthe proposed method in Figures 10(i) and 11(i), the interpolated pixels are consistent along the edge and this shows the robustness ofthespatial correlation of the...
... between the base ofthe stem and the base ofthe crown; III, just below the base ofthe crown; IV, inthe middle ofthe crown; V, inthe upper part ofthe crown The infestation density of five ... of sites having high intensity of tree infestation mainly along the main valley inthe region Lower elevations occurring inthe southern part of region were often infested by I duplicatus with ... are distributed mainly inthe southern part of territory what is surprising mainly in case of ID, because this species used to be the most abundant inthe north-western part of area and it is...
... cells with the dominant function of water and minerals supply The ratio between the fine root length and the number of root tips is an indicator ofthe intensity ofthe fine root forking A direct ... zone The values ofthe total fine root biomass inthe intermediate forest correspond to the data presented by other authors Thedistributionofthe total fine root length inthe soil profile ... character inthe mineral soil The comparison ofthe amounts of explained variance (r2) and the parameters ofthe linear and nonlinear (exponential) regression shows that the replacement of linear...
... factor in determining the northern limit ofthe insect distributionIn our study, we observed that the lowest SCP for the overwintering larvae was –24 ◦ C, and that the LT95 for the overwintering ... the highest in adults and the lowest inthe overwintering larvae The SCP has proved to be a reliable index to estimate the cold hardiness ofthe beetle M alternatus The mean SCP ofthe overwintering ... field, in theory the disease is likely to extend farther and even exceed thedistribution range ofthe beetle The beetle is one ofthe most important vectors ofthe disease in China, control of the...
... for refining PAR models and determining the potential impact ofthe different angular distributionof PAR profiles in shaping crown morphology and in influencing light interception by the understory ... atmosphere to the viewer [27] Since the scattering is proportional to the inverse fourth power ofthe wavelength, the scattering of short PAR wavelengths is thus greater than the scattering ofthe longer ... restrict the viewing angle ofthe photodiode, a 23.42° field of view head was built and then placed on the top ofthe sensor body The head consisted of a 62.34 mm long aluminium tube Rings of delrin...
... following fire inthe mixedwood section ofthe boreal forest Further, we quantitatively characterize thespatial pattern of seedlings and the importance of seedbed conditions to the success of recruitment ... essential for the success of this species, especially for providing the basal area and the recruitment ofthe second wave of seedlings or advanced regeneration associated with the opening ofthe canopy ... solid line shows the L(t) values, while the dotted line shows the confidence envelope and the average of 1000 simulations When the solid line is above (or below) the confidence envelope, the spatial...
... polymorphisme, évolution I Introduction The interactions ofthe P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis, which are manifested in certain interstrain hybrids, result in a number of correlated aberrant genetic ... (1981) The data (fig and tabl 1) show marked geographical differences inthe present distributionofthe P-M system In North America most ofthe strains show P activity and have levels of induced ... types might exist as in France Independently ofthe modern geographical variation K (1983) has shown temporal trends inthe IDWELL distributionof strains The frequency of M strains is positively...