implications for genomic and non genomic effects

... We are indebted to A Virta for her technical assistance in microsatellite genotyping and mtDNA sequencing, to V Ahola for her help in bioinformatics and to M Toro for his assistance in coancestry ... coancestry for the whole Yakutian cattle population (60 individuals), for the all the bulls (23 bulls comprising the six cryo-bank bulls and the 17 reference bulls), for the 17 reference bulls, for ... (Additional file 2) Mean rW and rQG estimates and their standard deviations calculated for four simulated relatedness distributions are presented in Additional file Performances of both pairwise...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... Rứisland, Anders Vredin, seminar participants at the Norges Bank Macro-Finance Forum, the 2012 Meeting of the International Finance and Banking Society, and the 2012 Meeting of the Society for ... Shiller (1981) and LeRoy and Porter (1981) have shown that stock prices See, for example, Roxburgh, et al (2012) Examples include Iacoviello (2005), Iacoviello and Neri (2010), and Walentin and Sellin ... knowledge is imperfect 12 See, for example, Kannan, Rabanal and Scott (2009), Angelini, Neri, and Panetta (2010), Christensen and Meh (2011), and Lambertini, Mendicino and Punzi (2011) then, the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... manacapi@ rand.org RAND Project AIR FORCE RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S Air Force’s federally funded research and development center for studies and analyses ... Level Users and Training Infrastructure Information Needs and Flows by Type and Level AETC Management Information Needs and Flows Cost Information Data Needs and Flows Capacity Information ... information useful for decisionmakers The research reported here was sponsored by the Air Education and Training Command (AETC/CV) and HQ Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel (AF/DP) and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 20:20

... address the issues of non- performing loans and assets and forcing the revaluation of some assets which had undergone bubble inflation The pain that this caused in Thailand, as in many other countries, ... competition, some firms will fail and others will flourish and grow in size and their structures become part of internationalized (and sometimes globalized) firm-firm networks and are embedded in international ... sub-contractor companies and brokers If transportation infrastructure improves, alongside personal living standards and hence the access to personal forms of transport, then the labour force may become...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 13:20

... of RMFIs, formal and informal (rural banks, savings and loan companies, credit unions, non- governmental organizations [NGOs], savings and credit associations of various types, and informal savings ... Ghana and their financial products, from the more formal and licensed to the less formal and unregulated The financial system in Ghana falls into three main categories: formal, semi- formal, and ... benchmarks and performance standards will be reference points that can be used by the unregulated RMFIs (especially NGOs) for self-regulation and by donors, BOG and MOF to monitor the growth and performance...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... publication provides information about biofuels for use in helping to understand technology-related implications of biofuels development It seeks to provide some context for (a) understanding the limitations ... salient energy, carbon and economic comparisons among biofuels; and (d) speculating on the implications for trade and development of future expansion in global production and use of biofuels Second-generation ... development and demonstration efforts are needed Commercial production of thermochemical biofuels could begin in five to 10 years Metrics for understanding and evaluating biofuel systems include land...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... Grammar for Teachers Andrea DeCapua Grammar for Teachers A Guide to American English for Native and Non- Native Speakers Author Andrea DeCapua, Ed.D College of New ... egregious, and pretentious Native and highly proficient non- native speakers of English can understand and appreciate this poem without ever before having seen such words as Jabberwocky or frumious, and ... Sentences (1) and (2) represent forms of non- standard English are considered markers of low socioeconomic and/ or marginalized social status In other words, these are stigmatized language forms that...

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2014, 16:36

... country’s foreign trade and investment, an outline of its legislative and bureaucratic frameworks for making and enforcing policies affecting foreign trade, and a copy of all the laws and regulations ... of 14.7 per cent compares with per cent for Malaysia, per cent for Indonesia, 11 per cent for the Philippines, 14 per cent for Thailand and 19 per cent for Vietnam in 1997 Lao PDR agricultural ... Agriculture and the agenda for further market access negotiations from the end of this decade Then Section draws out the possible effects of both policy reform at home and greater market access abroad for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 08:19

... through email and intranets increase the efficiency and speed of sharing documents, diagrams, formulae, symbols and images Groupware facilitates the communication and sharing of information and knowledge ... storing, transferring and manipulating data and information The new tools have major implications for the cost and speed of the innovation Intensification of innovation and management of knowledge ... knowledge and the competence necessary to coordinate and use the markets respectively and hence little room is left for understanding the process of accumulation of new organizational knowledge and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... in holding and transferring information and knowledge, through, for example, encryption techniques and firewalls (Nonaka and Nishiguchi, 2001), and those that help measure, control and diagnose ... Press Nonaka, I and T Nishiguchi (2001), Knowledge Emergence: Social, Technical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Knowledge Creation, Oxford: Oxford University Press 28 Knowledge and the firm Nonaka, ... Dodgson, M., D M Gann and A Salter (forthcoming), Think, Play, Do: Technology and Innovation in the Emerging Innovation Process, Oxford: Oxford University Press Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... franchises and outlets, they may buy back cars and trucks for secondhand sales More recently, owing to increased environmental awareness and legislation, vehicle producers arrange for the disposal and ... performance can be relayed in flight and the maintenance teams and components can be ready when the plane arrives and problems can be solved before they create a major difficulty for the company and ... For companies like Rolls-Royce, therefore, instrumentation and electronics for monitoring and diagnostics become more central to the company’s innovation profile and strategy Its competitive and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... common platform will be launched for the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish bank operations in Nordea The platform will first appear in Merita and then move to Nordbanken and the Danish and Norwegian ... of: geoscience and seismic interpretation, engineering and equipment design, and in decision analysis and decisionmaking, especially with respect to risk, uncertainty, and economic and financial ... similarity and dissimilarity are relative terms for capabilities that can be understood in the context of complementarity and in practice And in practice, if managers are to plan and organize...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... environment as are for instance regulations, and they manifest themselves in the form of convictions, norms, standards, and search heuristics for R&D to which firms will be likely to conform These three ... are dependent Coercive pressures take the form of enforced rules, standards or mandates Typical examples of coercive pressures include mandates or standards set by governmental agencies But also ... regulators, and pressure groups Through a process of dialogue new standards are set by regulators (regulative pressure), best practices are put forward (mimetic pressures) and standards and norms...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... abstract and codified (Arora and Gambardella, 1994) and thus more easily transmitted at a distance, especially when access to distant information has become easier and more affordable (Amin and Cohendet, ... technological knowledge and the markets – and we will attempt to understand the motives and strategies underlying their establishment Although, for methodological reasons, technological and market relationships ... sources that contributed to the formation of a firms’ early knowledge base, which included the origin and background of the entrepreneurs and the set of formal and informal linkages they established...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... enhancing’ and ‘competence destroying’ consequences for firms arose as an important distinction from the studies of Tushman and Anderson of the 1980s (Anderson and Tushman, 1991;Tushman and Anderson, ... Arora, A A Fosfuri and A Gambardella (2001), ‘Markets for technology and their implications for corporate strategy’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 10 (2), 419–51 Arundel, A and A Geuna (2001), ... and nonlocal sources to access scientific and technological knowledge, but they tend to search externally for markets and market-related relationships Connections to external networks expand and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... that specialized in food safety and quality Due to its implications for public health, in particular tuberculosis, its handling and processing of milk in agriculture and dairies also ranked high ... decade scientific understanding of LAB (e.g its metabolism and functions) has expanded considerably, opening up the way for more reliable process control in production and for an increasing range ... streams, and ambidextrous organizations: organization renewal through innovation streams and strategic change’, in M.L Tushman and P Anderson (eds), Managing Strategic Innovation and Change, Oxford:...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... subconsciously in the human mind, and is acquired through experience, imitation, and observation, and can be transferred only by personal contact (David and Foray, 1995; Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) The ... includes public–private consortia, private nonprofit and not -for- profit institutions and government-owned nonprofit companies Also included are private nonprofit R&D organizations mainly serving the ... Oxford University Press OECD (2000), Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI) Database, November, Paris: OECD OECD (2001), ‘Changing business strategies for R&D and their implications for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... 254–5 information and communications technology (ICT) banking and 92–3 codification and 12 innovation and 12, 14–15, 24–5 assessment of impact and relevance 18–23 knowledge management and 15–18 ... Organization and Economic Dynamics: Selected Essays, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Freeman, C and F Louçã (2001), As Time Goes By, Oxford: Oxford University Press Freeman, C and L ... method for forecasting telecommunications product demands’, International Journal of Forecasting, 18 (4), 647–71 Criqui, P., N Kouvaritakis, A Soria and F Isoard (1999), ‘Technical change and CO2...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 02:20

... of CTLA-4 function and dissociates from CTLA-4 upon ligand binding The ligands are the dimeric CD80 and the monomeric CD86 Binding of CD80 to the divalent CTLA-4 leads to the formation of a lattice-like ... addition, the ligands for both receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4, are blocked by CTLA-4Ig, thus leaving different distinct differentiation processes and effector functions of newly recruited and activated ... differentiate into Th1 and Th2 cells, which secrete distinct sets of cytokines Studies on CTLA-4 expression of differentiated Th1 and Th2 cells have been performed mostly in Th1 and Th2 long-term...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... NF-κB pathway [8], and is needed for B-cell maturation and for protection of otherwise negatively selected B cells It is also needed for plasma cell differentiation and survival, and it is these ... critical for DC development and maturation, and are essential for proper DC interaction with T cells [38,39] LTβ receptors, as well as RANK and CD40 receptors, are expressed on stromal cells and, ... development [22], and the former at least require NF-κB both in a cell-intrinsic role and in thymic stromal cells in the form of RelB [33] κ Nuclear factor-κB and immune tolerance Both classical and alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23