impact of fdi and technological change on turkish banking

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... Because there is considerable debate about the impact of free distribution on different types of content, particularly long- vs short-form, a healthy mix of fiction and non-fiction titles should ... Distribution on Book Sales strengthen and extend the conclusions book publishers can reach when it comes to distribution of free content 2.4 O’Reilly Point of View and Supporting Actions For much of ... progressive taxation, and other thoughts on the evolution of online distribution.” Summarized here, the lessons continue to guide O’Reilly in its thinking about the impact of free content: • Obscurity...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 15:21

... that, in addition to their impacts on income dimensions of poverty, transport and energy have significant impacts on nonincome dimensions such as health, education, personal security, and community ... hypotheses—a “propositional in- xviii • • • • • • • • impacts of sector policy change, impacts of changes in service provision, impacts of transport modes other than roads, impacts of energy sources ... the impacts of five different interventions: rural road improvements, road construction, railway construction, rural electrificaThe PRC study examined the use of transport and tion, and roads and...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

... that, in addition to their impacts on income dimensions of poverty, transport and energy have significant impacts on nonincome dimensions such as health, education, personal security, and community ... hypotheses—a “propositional in- xviii • • • • • • • • impacts of sector policy change, impacts of changes in service provision, impacts of transport modes other than roads, impacts of energy sources ... the impacts of five different interventions: rural road improvements, road construction, railway construction, rural electrificaThe PRC study examined the use of transport and tion, and roads and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... enhance current understanding of how transport and energy infrastructure and services contribute to poverty reduction, to fill knowledge gaps, and to identify lessons learned and good practices to ... specialist, and an energy specialist, supported by an ADB research assistant, and in consultation with staff of the four collaborating institutions, conducted a review of relevant literature and project ... identified research on the impact of transportation and energy infrastructure on poverty Country Case Studies reduction through a search of bibliographic databases It searched the Econ Lit database...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... lack of opportunity: it is often due to disconnection, often geographical, from the wider economy and society (Datt and Ravallion 2002, Jalan and Ravallion 2002) The provision of infrastructure and ... review on how increased access to infrastructure services impacts on poverty reduction in four sectors—energy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication (Brenneman and ... deforestation through the expansion of agricultural land and the increased commercial exploitation of forest resources Intensified production may lead to soil degradation and erosion as well as pollution...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction Railway from Beijing to Kowloon, Hong Kong, while not and suffered severe damage due to civil conflict and natutargeted on ... sanitation systems and scale urban works having optimal impact on the employincreasing the operational and end-user efficiency of enment and incomes of the poor, and through the promotion ergy and ... level and sources of wage and nonwage income; • consumption and market surplus; • use of transport; • demand for institutional services, particularly health care, family planning, and education;...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... categories of relevant situational factors The impact of transport and energy interventions on include urban vs rural setting, land availability and qualpoverty reduction is strongly conditioned by ... availability and quality of cation services Recently, some studies have added the efland; availability and prices of inputs; availability and fects of knowledge and information, with corresponding cost of ... impacts of changes in service provision, the impacts of transport modes other than roads, the impacts of energy sources other than electricity, and • the impacts of transport and energy projects on...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... only 63% of that of the nonpoor The change in frequency of visits to Xi’an is very interesting (Table 5.14) On the one hand, the proportion of farmers visiting Xi’an more often than once a month ... (almost hectare) of farmland Before construction of the road leading out of the village, they cultivated food crops on 2.5 mu, vegetables on 0.5 mu, and watermelons on 0.5 mu of the land Though food ... the construction and operation of the railtion.” However, little research has been done to deterway has contributed to the growth of the local economy mine the actual impacts of railways on poverty...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Region and one in the Southern Region In addition to being centers of rural production, both regions are major destinations for interregional transportation and are well served by both road and ... respondents also mentioned the availability of more sources of information and the effects of increased income on household education expenditures Of those few who did not see a positive impact of ... the impact on the nonpoor and the less poor Most other respondents felt that electricity had no net effect on education About one fourth of all respondents mentioned getting more information from...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... This discussion is based on Government of India (1996) Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty Reduction international trade, the capacity to handle container traffic ... share of the primary sector has declined in favor of the secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors The state ranks first nationally in the production of cotton and groundnuts, and second ... emerging needs of the growing economy India has a long coastline (about 7,000 km) and many ports of entry: 12 major ports and 184 intermediate and minor ones Given the dominant role of containers...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... transport mode and in frequency of travel to different destinations, as well as the impact of employment in road construction and the impact of bus stations on poverty Findings and Conclusions 179 In ... road, rail, and port construction activities.The PRC country study addressed the impacts of employment in rural road construction The impacts of employment in rail and port construction are discussed ... extent on the quality of services provided The responsiveness of these services to the needs of the poor is partly a function of public policy and partly one of political culture and institutional...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... productivity and welfare of the poor Policy and Operational Implications 201 Types of Impacts Transport and energy are commonly considered primarily as agents of economic growth that contribute ... betteroff, who enjoy privileged access under conditions of isolation, who fear the impact of improved access on common property resources Monitoring and Evaluation Generally, ex ante analysis of ... poverty reduction impacts of transport and energy projects On the other hand, the overall approach of examining the poverty impacts of transport and energy interventions within a wider conceptual...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Gender, and Transport, edited by Priyanthi Fernando and Gina Porter London: Zed Books pp 246–257 Government of India 1993 Report of the Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor ... nonincome dimensions of poverty It is necessary to broaden the notions of poverty reduction and pro-poor growth to cover both income and nonincome dimensions, and to conduct additional research ... value of surrounding land and buildings and encourage the growth of enterprises that consume additional land and constrain the space for housing and small businesses Socially conscious urban planning...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... farmers and construction crews One study reports on the experience of constructing a “green road” in the hill region (Seddon and Shrestha 2002) Women participated in the construction of this ... elimination of the health and safety hazards of using kerosene or candles for illumination; (iii) improved access to national and worldwide information through the use of radio and television; and ... review of the literature on the impact on poverty reduction of increased access to infrastructure services in four sectors: energy, water and sanitation, transportation, and information and communication...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... tannic exudations, reduced ring growth and tree mortality On cross sections of the stem of declining trees, it is common to observe occlusion of xylem vessels and darkening of the surronding parenchima ... previous one, a annual modification of annual distribution of prein particular, a strong reduc- cipitation and, tion of August rainfall have been recorded in both sites In table II, data concerning ... mortality of Q cerris and related change in forest composition was strongly connected with H mediter- change in forest composition occurred both in central and southern Italy in abandoned oak...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... in (2 in the LR direction and in the AP direction) At mmCAL, mmCAL and nocorrection, the number of fractions with RAIF errors in one direction of 10 mm or above were 3, 4, and respectively Table ... University, Shanghai, China 12 Authors’ contributions GC and JYC carried out conception and design, target delineations, image registration, collection and assembly of data, data analysis, manuscript ... residual and intra-fractional motions Also, they reported that the systematic and random setup errors could be reduced to 0.8 and 1.5 mm in the LR direction, 0.7 and 1.6 mm in the SI direction and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... random sample from among the residents of Valencia, and invited to participate in the study Only 1,314 confirmed receipt of the letter (74.7%) and of these, 76 presented at least one exclusion ... Organization definitions [33] of osteopenia and of osteoporosis were applied in both locations and the greater value was taken into account the effect of different covariables (age, chronic conditions, ... (Project 0018/2005) and the General Directorate for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Autonomous Government of Valencia, and a non-conditioned research grant from Sanofi-Aventis Author...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:22

... CA-MRSA and may play an important role in cavitary pneumonia and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections, as discussed in the following section Expression of virulence factors is largely controlled ... has a large volume of distribution, producing high concentrations in tissues outside of the bloodstream, including bile, colon, and the lung [56] As a result of serum concentrations that rapidly ... exposure of such a heteroresistant MRSA population to low concentrations of vancomycin may kill the fully susceptible subpopulations and select for the resistant subpopulations The mechanisms of heteroresistance...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... institutional risk in Section II Section III discusses our empirical findings and results Finally, we summarize and conclude in section IV II Variable Definitions and Data A Measures of Transactions ... influence of firm characteristics on trading cost measures and isolates the impact of legal and political risk The regressions include the inverse of stock price, standard deviation of daily stock ... Table III and IV remain unchanged 13 IV Summary and Conclusions We conjecture that the quality of a country’s institutions – both legal and political – affects the overall perception of “investor...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2014, 12:03