ifn effects in animals—general implications

... recombinant IFN- y and compared it to natural human IFN- y, natural human IFN- a induced in BALL-1 cells, and natural IFN- P in various in oitro studies In antiviral assays, the recombinant IFN- y ... differently to IFN treatment In embryonal carcinoma cells, IFNs are able to induce a partial antivi20 ANTI-GROWTH EFFECTS IN TISSUE CULTURE 21 ral state in which the induced antiviral proteins can interfere ... nine osteosarcoma cell lines tested in uitro, all were found to be inhibited in their growth by human natural IFN- a in tissue culture (Strander and Einhorn, 1977).What was especially interesting...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2016, 03:47

... also contain a carboxy-terminal extension containing T-box and A-box motifs [124] In each zinc finger, four invariant cysteine residues coordinate tetrahedrically to a zinc ion, and both zinc fingers ... the HNF4 ligandbinding domain (LBD) between insects and vertebrates suggests that this type of ligand interaction may occur in insects The gene encoding HR78 has been identified in Drosophila [68], ... cross-species EcR ⁄ USP pairings in cell culture transcriptional assays [193] Before the establishment of the in vitro binding assay using receptor proteins, the ligand-binding affinity of ecdysteroids...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... alanine at position 266 In man, as well as in anthropoid apes, a leucine is present at this position, confirming that it is indeed less important than the amino-acid at position 268 in determining ... strains of rats, like the BDIX strain used in this study, not express the A antigen in the small intestine although they express H antigen Inversely, A and H antigens are present in the large intestine ... using the same procedure with the rat A enzyme cDNA in the pDR2 vector Fortyeight hours later, cells were cultured in selective medium containing 0.6 mgÆmL)1 hygromycin After cloning by limiting...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... chromatin In interphase binding is enabled (arrows), the INM protein can exchange between ER and INM by diffusion and is retained in the INM by binding to chromatin In prometaphase binding is ... protein to the nucleus, the lamin-binding domain is necessary for stable binding of LAP2β to the INM A deletion mutant (amino acid 371-452) lacking the amino-terminal region but containing the ... unaffected, indicating a role for A-type lamins in anchoring emerin to the INM.44 The first 188 amino acids of the amino-terminal region of emerin has been shown to bind to lamin A in vitro,45,46...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:00

... rapidly in the spinal cord during sensitization, along with the production of prostaglandins like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [1] Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is also up-regulated following inflammation and induces ... Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); Enzyme immunoabsorbent assay (EIA); Retinoic acid receptor (RAR); Retinoid X receptor (RXR); MAP kinase kinase 1(MEK-1); Jun N-terminal kinase, (JNK) Competing interests ... Retinoid-X receptor signalling in the developing spinal cord Nature 1998, 395:398-402 Zetterstrom RH, Simon A, Giacobini MM, Eriksson U, Olson L: Localization of cellular retinoid-binding proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... verified independently by reamplifying the corresponding fragment and repeating the sequencing procedure using both forward and reverse primers in the samples fixed in Bouin's solution Regarding the ... 15 ppm in screw cutting industry during c.332 G>A 58 years women no c.463+1 G>C 42 years man no Other occupational exposures identified cutting oils asbestos cutting oils in screw cutting industry ... a solvent used in numerous industries, as degreaser in the metal manufacturing industry, solvent for oils and resins, or the production of rubber and as a chemical intermediate in the production...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... macromolecules and migrating cells implicated in HIV binding and uptake Schematic representation of cell surface macromolecules and migrating cells implicated in HIV binding and uptake The inset to the left ... When virions in seminal plasma are deposited onto an intact luminal surface of stratified squamous epithelium, the most likely interaction leading to stable binding would appear to involve recognition ... found overlying accumulations of lymphoid cells (Peyer's patches) in the intestine but the presence of M cells in the human palatine tonsil has not been confirmed definitively [25,26] In the context...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... and ephrinA and ephrinB ligands Eph receptors have an extracellular region an ephrin-binding domain and two fibronectin type III repeats, and an intracellular region containing a tyrosine kinase ... PDZ binding domain was mutated The PDZ binding domain is necessary for reverse signaling through ephrinB1, and mutating this specific domain revealed a cell autonomous role for ephrinB1 in neural ... mouse tibia following mechanical loading [90] EPHRIN SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN CANCER-INDUCED BONE DISEASE The increasing evidence for a role for ephrin and Eph receptor signaling in bone biology raises...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... abnormalities in the EEG are infrequently recorded in AN patients,[101] although their rate is likely to be significantly underestimated since EEG is not routinely examined in eating disorders In early ... osteopenia, thinning of skin and skeletal muscle wasting that are typical of human aging Therefore AN would be expected to be a harbinger of the premature frailty, increased susceptibility to aging-related ... pronounced reduction in risk [83] How can this be? Although deficient transmembrane potassium traffic in some cells is troubling, it appears to be associated with an intriguing gain in having reduced...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... dendritic cell) staining within the area known as germinal centre (GC) A (b) Staining for CD20 FDC staining suggests two possible GCs within close proximity, but B-cell staining shows no clear ... with TA-cloning vector pCRII, and transformed into IFN- αF cells (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) and cloned Immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections Frozen sections were stained using mouse monoclonal ... complexes containing alkaline phosphatase/anti-alkaline phosphatase were detected by incubation with new fuschin substrate, and the sections were counter-stained with Mayer’s haematoxylin (Sigma)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... protein kinase, PKC protein kinase C, PKA protein kinase A, cAMP 3’-5’ cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Ca2+ intracellular calcium, DBD DNA binding domain, LBD ligand binding domain implicated in ... transcription via ER may proceed indirectly without binding of native ligand to oestrogen response elements involving instead protein-protein interactions The most prominent for ERa appear to be the ... using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30(6):1415-25 Lepage C, Rachet B, Jooste V, Faivre J, Coleman MP: Continuing rapid increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:21

... inhibiting IFN or its signaling [62] For example, in hepatitis C viral proteins NS2 and NS3/4A inhibit IFN production, possibly contributing to the chronic survival of the hepatitis C virus in ... and innate immune systems in both responding to infections and inducing autoimmunity Theapeutic implications Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets As data linking TLR activation and IFN- α ... [56] In yet a third model of SLE that develops in mice expressing mutant phospholipase C2, TLR9 deletion results in increased antinucleolar antibodies, probably directed against RNA-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... for generating and maintaining peripheral tolerance, a key component in the prevention of autoimmunity, as well as stimulating immune responses in appropriate settings [3] well as (in the case ... molecule-grabbing tegrin expression in systemic lupus erythematosus dendritic cells Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing noninnonintegrin expression in systemic lupus ... DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), CD209 A type II transmembrane protein, DC-SIGN binds intercellular adhesion molecule (on endothelial cells) and intercellular...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... recruitment; FIIND, domain with a function to find; IL, interleukin; LRR, leucine rich repeat; NALP, NACHT, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 1; PYD, pyrin domain of the NALP1 inflammasome ... syndrome In these patients a mutation in the PSTPIP1 (proline serine threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1) gene leads to an increased interaction between PSTPIP and pyrin, resulting in reduced ... domain, which has intrinsic ATPase activity; and an aminoterminal protein-protein interaction domain, which contains either a caspase activation and recruitment (CARD) domain or a baculovirus inhibitory...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... and they remain exciting therapeutic options One interesting example is in aseptic loosening that occurs in 10% of joint replacements, resulting in revision surgery Evidence is emerging to suggest ... (nucleotide binding site or NACHT domain) central to the molecule, flanked by a leucine rich-repeat domain at the Cterminus and a caspase-recruitment domain and a pyrin domain at the N-terminus The ... syndromes in humans, including Mucke–Wells syndrome, chronic infantile cutaneous neurologic articular syndrome and familial cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome [8] Fever, joint pain and systemic inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:21

... [25] In addition, treatment with pristane induces apoptosis in vivo, providing a potential source of autoantigens [26], including RNPs and nucleosomes All subtypes of IFN- I bind to the IFN- I ... the IFN- I receptor (IFNAR), which is composed of two chains: IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 The IFNAR2 chain exists in both transmembrane and soluble isoforms and is critical for ligand binding and signal transduction ... STAT1 in murine B-cell expression of TLR7 as well as in the IFN- I-mediated induction of TLR9 expression [32] We examined the mRNA expression levels of these TLRs in B cells from IFNAR2-/- mice IFNAR2-/B...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... NF-κB-inducing kinase in TLR4 signaling came from the study of TRAF6 and NF-κB-inducing kinase dominant-negative (DN) variants, which could not activate NF-κB [33] Another very interesting observation ... NIK, nuclear factor-κB inducing kinase; PKR, RNA binding protein kinase; TIR, Toll IL-1 receptor; TIRAP, Toll IL-1 receptor adapter protein; Tollip, Toll interactive protein; TRAF6, tumor necrosis ... they remained unresponsive to LPS [48] A recent publication has linked TLR4 signaling and expression in injured myocardium Since there was no infection present in this model, these findings open...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... kinases (ERKs), the cJun amino-terminal protein kinases (JNKs) and the p38 kinases MAPKs have been shown to be activated in animal models of reperfusion injury [3-7], suggesting that these kinases ... stained with hematoxylin and eosin The slides were coded and examined in a blinded manner by a single examiner A total of 50 microscopic fields at ×40 magnification were examined in each section and ... therapeutic strategy against IR-induced lung injury Further investigation is necessary to determine the precise signaling mechanisms implicated in ERK1/2 activation by A3AR Competing interests The authors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... adhesion involves the interaction of leukocyte integrins of the beta subfamily (CD11a, CD11b and CD11c) with endothelial ligand receptors [19] An increase in the expression of those integrins on ... 0.04) Accordingly, a positive correlation was found between fMLP-induced ROS generation and SOFA score, with increasing values being obtained in patients with SOFA scores ≥ (Figure 5) In this study ... expression of these integrins on neutrophils is clearly induced ex vivo upon LPS stimulation [38] In a clinical setting, Russwurm et al [20] found increased CD11b expression in patients with sepsis...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... factors, like inbreeding, could be involved in such a phenomenon However, although Bi6mont et al (1987, 1990) showed spontaneous mobilization of copia and P elements in inbred lines, it cannot ... females of the GB1 strain (figure 1) The latter strain of D simulans, built by Glenn Bryan (Bryan and Hartl, 1988), contains a single inactive element (the peach element) inserted in the white gene ... discriminate between individuals having a high level of somatic excision, since all of them are grouped in the Mos-3 class In other words, it is possible that a temperature effect still existed in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22