... viral titers inthe tissue were determined by plaque titration of lung homogenates In animals infected by theIN route, the following titers (log10 PFU per g of lung tissue) were detected inthe two ... it is not the virus bearing the epitope nor local virus replication that results inthe decreased functionality of CD8+ CTL in lungs, but rather the pulmonary site of residence ofthe cells Therefore, ... (15%) of tetramer+CD8+ cells was detected inthe lungs after IN infection with VV-M2 Interestingly, despite the lack of VV-M2 replication inthe lungs after ID inoculation, a high level (21%) of tetramer+CD8+...
... new frontier of high interest inthe treatment of viral infections Acknowledgements and funding This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Allergy ... Immunization with synthetic peptide vaccines containing the CD4+ Tcell epitopes env 121-141 or env 462-479 from the gp70 Env glycoprotein of F-MuLV induces protection in most ofthe vaccinated mice ... CD4+ T cells into FV-infected mice that are either lymphocyte-deficient or depleted, protect from acute disease even inthe absence of cytotoxic Tcell or antibody responses [59] These results indicate...
... Additionally, theT cells found inthe blood, whether it be in their repertoire, function and state of activation, may not accurately reflect the status and behavior of their counterparts localized inthe ... inthe treatment of several diseases where the immune system necessitates strengthening ofthe activated Tcell pool As such, IL-2 is a frequent therapy inthe treatment of solid tumors, mainly ... important trigger to intra-islet Treg cell dysfunction and progressive loss of self-tolerance inthe islets Currently there is great interest inthe use of various immunotherapeutic agents including...
... low To evaluate the activity of T- cells that were bound to magnetic beads, PBMC samples were depleted of either CD4 or CD8 cells and then both the beads and the remnant cells were tested inthe ... alter the relative levels ofthe different CD8 cell populations, in vitro expansion of cells was not pursued in our studies in order to maintain the ability ofthe IFN-γ ELISPOT assay to quantitate ... continually attempting to reactivate from the latent state but may be controlled sufficiently to suppress or abort a recurrence of active disease Study of reactivation events in latently infected...
... to streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid were often higher inthe PBMCs than inthe SFMCs We defined two distinct patterns of proliferation according to the pattern of response to these antigens (Figs ... total of 10 samples (22% of total samples) from 10 patients did not fit into either of these two patterns In these patients, proliferative responses to both streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid ... memory T cells into the inflamed joint [7,10–12] In contrast, we found two distinct patterns ofTcell antigen responsiveness: diverse and restricted proliferation Proliferation to all ofthe antigens...
... that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions RF participated inthe design ofthe study, worked with theTcell cultures and drafted the manuscript DM performed theTcell cloning ... reports attributing a regulatory function to CD8+CD28- T cells [3840] An increase of these cells in patients with SLE might thus constitute an effort of counter-regulation within the disturbed ... further strengthen the view ofthe spliceosome being one ofthe predominant autoimmune target structures in SLE, playing a presumably pivotal role inthe pathogenesis of this disease, even though...
... and effector (IFNg+) Tcell infiltration into the tumour [10,11] It was expected that the regulatory Tcell infiltration into the tumour would be negatively associated with patient outcome; however, ... approved the final manuscript 18 19 Competing interests The authors report no conflicts of interest with people or organizations that could inappropriately influence the work The authors did not receive ... role inthe conduct ofthe study, inthe collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of data, or inthe preparation, review, or approval ofthe manuscript 13 Author details Cancer Genetics...
... ofthe study, participated in some parts ofthe research and wrote the manuscript HZ carried out the histology test and participated in ELISA test JL participated inthein vitro characterization ... characterization of NSCH Huang carried out the culture of NSC and participated inthe motor function test HBC participated inthe creating the animal models YJW participated in ELISA test PL carried out the ... 5′-GAT CTT ACA GGT GAA CAA GGT GAT G-3′, reverse: 5′-TTG ATC CAT GTT GTT GCC TTG-3′) and the house keeping gene b-actin (forward: 5′-CTA CAA TGA GCT GCG TGT GG-3′, reverse:5′-CAG TCA GGA TCT TCA TGA...
... the majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% ofthe cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + Tcell ... progression ofTcell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present inthe blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some...
... the majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% ofthe cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + Tcell ... progression ofTcell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present inthe blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some...
... modality of evaluation equivalent to the measurement ofthe total IFN-γ producing T- cells with the relevant advantage of a consistent decrease ofthe background that in turn increases the sensitivity ... represent an interesting option to increase the sensitivity ofthe ICS assay inthe detection of IFN-γ mediated HIV-1-specific responses In order to compare the sensitivity ofthe two modalities to evaluate ... rare Since the analysis ofthe combination of two functions decreases the background and the measurement ofthe IFN-γ+ MIP-1β+ T- cells was equivalent to the measurement ofthe total IFN-γ+ T- cells,...
... migrate more rapidly to tissues and this would in turn trigger the quick action ofthe immune system in combating the infection and thus determine the survival ofthe patient It is known that cellular ... during their stay inthe intensive care unit as surviving patients (black tirangles) and nonsurviving patients (white triangles) The dotted line represents the mean value recorded inthe healthy ... decisions in these patients and to establish new potential therapeutic targets Future studies will need to study in more depth the mechanisms involved inthe severe abnormality found on theT cell...
... sampling and the obtained point estimate is therefore only expected to give the correct test Therefore, experimenters investigating the same test, will find different critical values and the test ... significantly lower than expected inthe asymptotic case, and that for large data sets the likelihood ratio test is conservative It has been investigated whether the constraint used on the dominance ... for still using theoretical asymptotic quantiles is that adapting the test is difficult and of little practical use A difficulty is, for instance, that estimated quantiles would be subject to sampling...
... glycoproteins on the surface ofthe virus HA is a lectin that mediates the binding ofthe virus to target cells and facilitates the entry ofthe virus into the target cellThe proteolytic cleavage of ... encoding the matrix protein The M2 protein comprises ofthe ectodomain M2e, a small part exposed to thecell surface, a transmembrane domain with the rest of it localized within the internal portion ... RNPs from the M1 protein, and ultimately into the host cellThe M1 protein is present beneath the lipid-envelope and is the most abundant protein inthe virion It functions as an internal scaffold...
... effect on cell attachment Addition of ngámL)1 bFGF did not promote any signi®cant difference incell attachment to substratum (data not shown) as the DNA content ofthecell layer at the end ofthe ... 5¢-450 AAAAATGTTGCTGCCCTG-3¢ 5¢-566 GAATGACTCGGAGCGTACACTG-3¢ 5¢-1054 CCTTTGAGCACATTTCGGCAA-3¢ 5¢-1555GCTTCTCATCGCAGAGTATCCGG-3¢ 5¢-1821CAAGGGTAAATTCATTGGGCTTGG-3¢ 5¢-2350 ACAGACTACCTCATGAAGAT-3¢ 5¢-3222 ... chlorate, in inducing structural alteration of HS chains, prevents the bFGF binding Our results indicate that the presence of sodium chlorate abolishes the bFGF biological effects in developing...
... from the administered [75Se]Der p2, indicate together with its own remaining intact levels (the 16 kDa band) that the clearance and further metabolism ofthe allergen was altered as a result ofthe ... shown to stimulate T- cell responses [33,34] The C-terminal tetrapeptide of Sel-tagged Der p containing selenocysteine might not be presented by themajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) but rather ... animals The distribution of radioactivity inthe other investigated organs did not differ due to the sensitization Thus, the allergen-induced airway in ammation in sensitized mice apparently leads to...
... peak in both the ovary and the testis, indicating that part ofthe zinc inthe immature gonads is bound to MYP The elution patterns of zinc were similar inthe ovary and testis, but the zinc peak ... Zinc-binding protein inthe sea urchin T Unuma et al mainly inthe digestive tract [8] and inthe nutritive phagocytes ofthe ovary and testis [10], and it is accumulated abundantly inthe nutritive ... contain only EGMYP In nutritive phagocytes, in contrast, part ofthe incorporated CFMYP is not processed to EGMYP, enabling it to retain zinc Indeed, 33% ofthe total zinc inthe ovary at stage...
... GACAAAATCTGCATTTATGGGAGACTCTGG-3¢; and antisense primer, 5¢-CCAGAGTCTCCCATAAATGCAGA TTTTGTCTTCCTG-3¢ These primers had a melting temperature of 78 °C, and the mismatches resulting in replacement ofthe ... contribute almost equally to the P2¢ specificity of HC Mutating either ofthe two basic amino acids in these positions partially disrupts the acidic P2¢ preference, and mutating both of them totally ... understanding of these enzymes, a necessary step is to determine the most important feature of an enzyme, the specificity-determining interactions with its substrates In a previous study, we determined...
... gastrointestinal tract is thought to be one ofthe factors that may contribute to the allergenic potential of food proteins by allowing sufficient intact (or a large fragment of) protein to be taken ... by using synthetic peptides, determined the location of four immunodominant CD4+ T- cell epitopes inthe unprocessed precursor ofthe Brazil nut 2S albumin One of these epitopes matched with the ... the position of some peptides identified as resistant to in vitro gastric digestion inthe Brazil nut 2S albumin structure From the data presented here, it is evident that the conserved skeleton...
... characteristics Patient characteristics are shown in Table for the 22 patients treated with IFN-a 2b, the 22 patients not treated with IFN-a 2b, and the 20 healthy subjects Ofthe 22 treated patients, ... with melanoma (22 patients treated in this study and the other 22 patients who were referred to our institution during the study); these data again suggest that Treg values are higher in patients ... debate [2,12] inthe melanoma treatment community regarding the optimum dosing schedule and duration of treatment for IFN-a 2b inthe adjuvant treatment of melanoma The data presented support the...