identification of the major t cell subpopulations in cattle

... viral titers in the tissue were determined by plaque titration of lung homogenates In animals infected by the IN route, the following titers (log10 PFU per g of lung tissue) were detected in the two ... it is not the virus bearing the epitope nor local virus replication that results in the decreased functionality of CD8+ CTL in lungs, but rather the pulmonary site of residence of the cells Therefore, ... (15%) of tetramer+CD8+ cells was detected in the lungs after IN infection with VV-M2 Interestingly, despite the lack of VV-M2 replication in the lungs after ID inoculation, a high level (21%) of tetramer+CD8+...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... new frontier of high interest in the treatment of viral infections Acknowledgements and funding This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute of Allergy ... Immunization with synthetic peptide vaccines containing the CD4+ T cell epitopes env 121-141 or env 462-479 from the gp70 Env glycoprotein of F-MuLV induces protection in most of the vaccinated mice ... CD4+ T cells into FV-infected mice that are either lymphocyte-deficient or depleted, protect from acute disease even in the absence of cytotoxic T cell or antibody responses [59] These results indicate...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:21

... Additionally, the T cells found in the blood, whether it be in their repertoire, function and state of activation, may not accurately reflect the status and behavior of their counterparts localized in the ... in the treatment of several diseases where the immune system necessitates strengthening of the activated T cell pool As such, IL-2 is a frequent therapy in the treatment of solid tumors, mainly ... important trigger to intra-islet Treg cell dysfunction and progressive loss of self-tolerance in the islets Currently there is great interest in the use of various immunotherapeutic agents including...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... low To evaluate the activity of T- cells that were bound to magnetic beads, PBMC samples were depleted of either CD4 or CD8 cells and then both the beads and the remnant cells were tested in the ... alter the relative levels of the different CD8 cell populations, in vitro expansion of cells was not pursued in our studies in order to maintain the ability of the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay to quantitate ... continually attempting to reactivate from the latent state but may be controlled sufficiently to suppress or abort a recurrence of active disease Study of reactivation events in latently infected...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... to streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid were often higher in the PBMCs than in the SFMCs We defined two distinct patterns of proliferation according to the pattern of response to these antigens (Figs ... total of 10 samples (22% of total samples) from 10 patients did not fit into either of these two patterns In these patients, proliferative responses to both streptolysin O and tetanus toxoid ... memory T cells into the inflamed joint [7,10–12] In contrast, we found two distinct patterns of T cell antigen responsiveness: diverse and restricted proliferation Proliferation to all of the antigens...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions RF participated in the design of the study, worked with the T cell cultures and drafted the manuscript DM performed the T cell cloning ... reports attributing a regulatory function to CD8+CD28- T cells [3840] An increase of these cells in patients with SLE might thus constitute an effort of counter-regulation within the disturbed ... further strengthen the view of the spliceosome being one of the predominant autoimmune target structures in SLE, playing a presumably pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease, even though...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... and effector (IFNg+) T cell infiltration into the tumour [10,11] It was expected that the regulatory T cell infiltration into the tumour would be negatively associated with patient outcome; however, ... approved the final manuscript 18 19 Competing interests The authors report no conflicts of interest with people or organizations that could inappropriately influence the work The authors did not receive ... role in the conduct of the study, in the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of data, or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript 13 Author details Cancer Genetics...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... of the study, participated in some parts of the research and wrote the manuscript HZ carried out the histology test and participated in ELISA test JL participated in the in vitro characterization ... characterization of NSCH Huang carried out the culture of NSC and participated in the motor function test HBC participated in the creating the animal models YJW participated in ELISA test PL carried out the ... 5′-GAT CTT ACA GGT GAA CAA GGT GAT G-3′, reverse: 5′-TTG ATC CAT GTT GTT GCC TTG-3′) and the house keeping gene b-actin (forward: 5′-CTA CAA TGA GCT GCG TGT GG-3′, reverse:5′-CAG TCA GGA TCT TCA TGA...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... the majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% of the cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + T cell ... progression of T cell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present in the blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... the majority of cells infiltrating the pancreases representing 64 to 74% of total lymphocytic infiltrate Only 13-20% of the cells detected were CD3 + T cells (Figure 1A) Amongst the CD3 + T cell ... progression of T cell infiltration after B cell reconstitution of NOD.Igμ null mice, the animals were spectratyped at different time points At early time points, 9-10 weeks post-B cell reconstitution, the ... predominant clonotype infiltrating the islets of partially diabetes-resistant male NOD mice [24] and, interestingly, is also present in the blood of T1 D patients [25] This may indicate that some...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... modality of evaluation equivalent to the measurement of the total IFN-γ producing T- cells with the relevant advantage of a consistent decrease of the background that in turn increases the sensitivity ... represent an interesting option to increase the sensitivity of the ICS assay in the detection of IFN-γ mediated HIV-1-specific responses In order to compare the sensitivity of the two modalities to evaluate ... rare Since the analysis of the combination of two functions decreases the background and the measurement of the IFN-γ+ MIP-1β+ T- cells was equivalent to the measurement of the total IFN-γ+ T- cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... migrate more rapidly to tissues and this would in turn trigger the quick action of the immune system in combating the infection and thus determine the survival of the patient It is known that cellular ... during their stay in the intensive care unit as surviving patients (black tirangles) and nonsurviving patients (white triangles) The dotted line represents the mean value recorded in the healthy ... decisions in these patients and to establish new potential therapeutic targets Future studies will need to study in more depth the mechanisms involved in the severe abnormality found on the T cell...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... sampling and the obtained point estimate is therefore only expected to give the correct test Therefore, experimenters investigating the same test, will find different critical values and the test ... significantly lower than expected in the asymptotic case, and that for large data sets the likelihood ratio test is conservative It has been investigated whether the constraint used on the dominance ... for still using theoretical asymptotic quantiles is that adapting the test is difficult and of little practical use A difficulty is, for instance, that estimated quantiles would be subject to sampling...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... glycoproteins on the surface of the virus HA is a lectin that mediates the binding of the virus to target cells and facilitates the entry of the virus into the target cell The proteolytic cleavage of ... encoding the matrix protein The M2 protein comprises of the ectodomain M2e, a small part exposed to the cell surface, a transmembrane domain with the rest of it localized within the internal portion ... RNPs from the M1 protein, and ultimately into the host cell The M1 protein is present beneath the lipid-envelope and is the most abundant protein in the virion It functions as an internal scaffold...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:25

... effect on cell attachment Addition of ngámL)1 bFGF did not promote any signi®cant difference in cell attachment to substratum (data not shown) as the DNA content of the cell layer at the end of the ... 5¢-450 AAAAATGTTGCTGCCCTG-3¢ 5¢-566 GAATGACTCGGAGCGTACACTG-3¢ 5¢-1054 CCTTTGAGCACATTTCGGCAA-3¢ 5¢-1555GCTTCTCATCGCAGAGTATCCGG-3¢ 5¢-1821CAAGGGTAAATTCATTGGGCTTGG-3¢ 5¢-2350 ACAGACTACCTCATGAAGAT-3¢ 5¢-3222 ... chlorate, in inducing structural alteration of HS chains, prevents the bFGF binding Our results indicate that the presence of sodium chlorate abolishes the bFGF biological effects in developing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... from the administered [75Se]Der p2, indicate together with its own remaining intact levels (the 16 kDa band) that the clearance and further metabolism of the allergen was altered as a result of the ... shown to stimulate T- cell responses [33,34] The C-terminal tetrapeptide of Sel-tagged Der p containing selenocysteine might not be presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) but rather ... animals The distribution of radioactivity in the other investigated organs did not differ due to the sensitization Thus, the allergen-induced airway in ammation in sensitized mice apparently leads to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... peak in both the ovary and the testis, indicating that part of the zinc in the immature gonads is bound to MYP The elution patterns of zinc were similar in the ovary and testis, but the zinc peak ... Zinc-binding protein in the sea urchin T Unuma et al mainly in the digestive tract [8] and in the nutritive phagocytes of the ovary and testis [10], and it is accumulated abundantly in the nutritive ... contain only EGMYP In nutritive phagocytes, in contrast, part of the incorporated CFMYP is not processed to EGMYP, enabling it to retain zinc Indeed, 33% of the total zinc in the ovary at stage...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... GACAAAATCTGCATTTATGGGAGACTCTGG-3¢; and antisense primer, 5¢-CCAGAGTCTCCCATAAATGCAGA TTTTGTCTTCCTG-3¢ These primers had a melting temperature of 78 °C, and the mismatches resulting in replacement of the ... contribute almost equally to the P2¢ specificity of HC Mutating either of the two basic amino acids in these positions partially disrupts the acidic P2¢ preference, and mutating both of them totally ... understanding of these enzymes, a necessary step is to determine the most important feature of an enzyme, the specificity-determining interactions with its substrates In a previous study, we determined...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... gastrointestinal tract is thought to be one of the factors that may contribute to the allergenic potential of food proteins by allowing sufficient intact (or a large fragment of) protein to be taken ... by using synthetic peptides, determined the location of four immunodominant CD4+ T- cell epitopes in the unprocessed precursor of the Brazil nut 2S albumin One of these epitopes matched with the ... the position of some peptides identified as resistant to in vitro gastric digestion in the Brazil nut 2S albumin structure From the data presented here, it is evident that the conserved skeleton...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... characteristics Patient characteristics are shown in Table for the 22 patients treated with IFN-a 2b, the 22 patients not treated with IFN-a 2b, and the 20 healthy subjects Of the 22 treated patients, ... with melanoma (22 patients treated in this study and the other 22 patients who were referred to our institution during the study); these data again suggest that Treg values are higher in patients ... debate [2,12] in the melanoma treatment community regarding the optimum dosing schedule and duration of treatment for IFN-a 2b in the adjuvant treatment of melanoma The data presented support the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20