ict e business and innovation policies in developing countries

... According to Freitas and Gereluk, notwithstanding some shortcomings, investment in benzene abatement increased, and benzene exposure and the incidence of benzene-related occupational illness have ... industrialized countries, and their findings are relevant to each of the three strands of literature reviewed in this paper They examine the same set of drivers of environmental performance discussed in ... nonregulatory pressures have a significant independent effect on environmental performance, then it makes more sense to develop and advocate policies that leverage these pressures in countries...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... operationalised the compromise needed in order to minimise the risks and maximise the benefits of the new technologies, are not only in interest of the developing countries but in interest of any developed ... majority of Western patents issued on derived properties originates from the developing countries biodiversity, less than percent of the patents granted in developing countries are used there in production ... Biosafety [46] International environmental regimes in defence of biodiversity and farmer’s rights Both the developing and the developed world are seeking viable solutions to preserve the delicate...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:59

... concerns, needs and opportunities of the developing world Developing countries are finding it increasingly expensive to access and use new technologies There is limited private- and public-sector investment ... meet the goals of breeding programmes in developing countries Molecular markers have been widely used in the identification of genotypes and the ‘genetic fingerprinting’ of organisms Genotype verification ... practices and breed preferences of livestock keepers can successfully be determined by using research techniques such as the revealed preference hedonic approach On the one hand, conservation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 22:00

... Review • Poultry health and disease control in developing countries it expects will provide high benefit to itself However, the guiding principle must be to achieve focused and integrated health ... between government and industry representatives is therefore essential for successful design and planning, and also later, when periodically reviewing the unit’s performance in health and disease ... 1999; Information Note on “Veterinary Roles in Health and Knowledge Transfer across a Poultry Industry”) For developing countries, there is another interesting development prospect: if government...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... of expansion after a short pause after the Asian crisis in 1998) However, there is another interesting parallel between the German and the Chinese experience: As can be seen in figure B.3, even ... constraints, an increase in prices could be expected, depending on market power of producers and the ease by which they can expand capacities Those increases in prices lead to an increase in aggregate profits ... prices In this case, the innovative entrepreneur will earn the profits he can use ex post to finance the investment In both cases, in the end, aggregate saving again equals aggregate investment,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... protracted illnesses 3.1 Human mycotoxicoses Mycotoxins have been detected in human foods and livestock feeds in Nigeria Most often these mycotoxins are detected in deleterious levels compounded by ... the white matter of the horse cerebrum Other pathological changes of this disease include lethargy, head pressing, inappetence, convulsion and sudden death There are few reported suspected cases ... harvesting, prevention of kernel 28 Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries damage during harvesting), Storage (adequate drying and proper storage below 13 % moisture, and keeping storage...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... biomedical community Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance cited in PubMed and archived on PubMed ... the lack of correlation between serum folate levels and macrocytic anemia [4,5]) This method of detecting early iron and folate deficiencies is designed for use in countries where iron deficiency ... calculated from the computer model but are given in the papers cited The sensitivity and specificity for folate deficiency cannot be determined If there is long-term folate deficiency, serum folate...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... detect the investment climates for increasing investment Conversely, investment originating countries may be using FDA as an instrument for developing trade and investment relations with developing ... relevant for developing countries The exercise reiterates that the developing countries must improve the incentive structure for attracting FDI It then proposes that developing countries need ... pertaining to developing economies Statement of the Research Problems Foreign investment inflows have always been emphasized as being one of the main drivers of economic growth in developing economies...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:55

... substitute care and other school-related expenses, of doing so 19 and large, to increase their time in these activities when their partners work (see Engle and Breaux 1994 and references therein).22 ... income, by influencing the time use of other household members For example, via the usual income effect, an increase in male earnings is expected to increase the demand for leisure of the spouse This ... narrowing These gaps are due in part to differences in the education and work experience of men and women, but much of the differences in earnings are not explained by these factors and instead reflect...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... managed and protected with this widely diverse method of management and reporting 1.7.1 Service Level Management Increasingly, storage services, including backup and recovery, are offered to business ... possible after any system component failure or application error  Enable data to be delivered to where it is needed, when it is needed  Meet the regulatory and business data retention requirements ... Meet recovery goals, and in the event of a disaster, return the business to the required operational level To achieve these goals, the backup and recovery solution must be able to the following:...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:06

... far-reaching impacts on a large number of people A thorough knowledge of whether these social experiments produce the intended e ects, or whether they generate unexpected adverse consequences, ... pre–post and post-only repeated measures) Because of the lack of sufficient objective, quantifiable data from these studies to determine how e ective these interventions are, we decided not to estimate ... for relevant journal articles, research proposals, theses, reports, and newsletters describing interventions, completed or in progress We next searched the Medline (1966–1999) and Healthline (1975–1999)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2015, 20:09

... that well-designed policies can reduce these inequities even in countries facing urban explosion Another issue examined in this paper has been the magnitude of within-urban inequalities in child ... We share the view that health inequality is a generic term used to designate differences and disparities in the health achievements of individuals and groups, whereas the term health inequities ... poorest as the reference category 2.3 Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in child health Despite the growing number of studies attesting evidence of poorer health among people with less education...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 19:20

... size in 2000, can be used to characterize the experience of the “average” youth in this group of countries Over the twenty years represented by the differences in ever attendance between those ... where adolescents are at greatest risk due to HIV In Latin America, there have been recent declines in the percent marrying by 18 in of the countries with data and recent rises in the percent ... having premarital sex in of the countries The net result of these changes has been a rise in the percentage having sex by age 18 in only two of these countries; in the rest there was either a decline...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... reviewed in detail here since there are no studies relating to biomass smoke exposure in developing countries However, the considerable body of evidence on the effects on cardiovascular disease ... locales techniques et en matiere de develop´ ` ´ pement devront etre renforcees pour pouvoir mettre ˆ ´ toutes ces interventions en œuvre la ou elles sont le plus ` ` necessaires ´ Resumen Contaminacion ... des travaux de ´ recherche et une attention soutenue de la part des responsables politiques Les recherches sur les effets sanitaires doivent etre renforcees, en mettant l’accent sur ˆ ´ les etudes...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... immunizations are one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce vaccinepreventable diseases.26 Delays in seeking care, in reaching adequate health facilities and in receiving appropriate care at ... childbearing, we examined adolescent mothers’ use of maternal and child health services in developing countries We assessed their use of antenatal care, delivery care and infant immunization services ... however, infants born to adolescents in Uganda were less likely to receive vaccinations than were infants born to older women In seeking to explain the differences in use of services by maternal...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... face greater risks than females The full package of effective interventions applied in high-income countries has typically not been implemented in low-income countries These include behavioral interventions—promoting ... health authorities can help publicize needs and exert pressure, key decisionmakers generally reside in other sectors of government There are, however, complementary initiatives that lie within ... significantly in health institutions and personnel, and in the strength of oversight and management exercised by local governments Few developing countries can supply the detailed data needed to explore...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 14:20

... cervical cancer, and Hepatitis B to help prevent liver cancer The HPV agencies are working to make it available at discounted little between developed and developing countries For prices in developing ... have come from developed countries Research does show, however, the breastfeeding is associated with lower rates of breast cancer Researchers recognize that screening will be more costeffective ... developing countries because developed countries have a higher level of technology, greater infrastructure, and better medical resources, facilitating the diagnosis and and vegetables and fewer harmful...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... Note that there seems to be a peak in urban concentrations in the middle development class Average personal exposures, however, decline with every increase in development level Because of its relatively ... used to make the estimates Unfortunately, there seem to be few studies of time use in developing countries that would help detemline how much time people spend indoors 18 Studies in developed countries, ... Sources LDC U.S Coal Power Power Plant Plant Source Category Figure Preliminary exposure effectiveness (EE) and nominal dose effectiveness (NDE) estimates Here the EE and NDE are estimated for...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... between 0.53–0.85 percent, and Latin America’s share was 0.98 percent These rates are relatively low compared to 2–3 percent in developed countries DETERMINATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES In ... more than 30 percent of total government spending Most of these are either 10 government subsidies or expenses relating to general administration The large and increasing share of these expenditures ... targeting of these limited and often declining financial resources in the future There have been numerous studies on the role of government spending in the long-term growth of national economies...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20