hypoglycemia pancreatic islet cell disorders

... BRIN-BD11 cells with drugs Pancreatic BRIN-BD11 beta cells were utilized in these studies [41], representing a particularly useful model in which to conduct extensive NMR studies [23,24] BRINBD11 cells ... exocytosis by sulfonylureas in pancreatic beta cells Science 271, 813–815 Tian YA, Johnson G & Ashcroft SJ (1998) Sulfonylureas enhance exocytosis from pancreatic beta-cells by a FEBS Journal 273 ... decarboxylation of pyruvate in pancreatic islets Metabolism 42, 1229– 1231 Khan A, Ling ZC & Landau BR (1996) Quantifying the carboxylation of pyruvate in pancreatic islets J Biol Chem 271, 2539–2542...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor cell line Cell lines The AR42J cell line, derived from a rat exocrine pancreas neuroendocrine tumor, was used Cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Cultures ... and to compare both tracers in an experimental NET cell line Methods: This study comprised nine nude rats inoculated with the pancreatic tumor cell line AR42J Dynamic positron emission tomography ... angiogenesis and tumor metastasis by mediating tumor cell invasion and movement across blood vessel, whereas integrins expressed on endothelial cells modulate cell migration and survival during the angiogenic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... is lost The clinical manifestations of all the plasma cell disorders relate to the expansion of the neoplastic cells, to the secretion of cell products (immunoglobulin molecules or subunits, lymphokines), ... This makes the M component an excellent tumor marker, yet it is not specific enough to be used to screen asymptomatic patients In addition to the plasma cell disorders, M components may be detected ... (class switch) Each clone of cells performs these sequential gene arrangements in a unique way This results in each clone producing a unique immunoglobulin molecule In most cells, light chains are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... petroleum products The neoplastic event in myeloma may involve cells earlier in B cell differentiation than the plasma cell Circulating B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin that share the idiotype ... a product of a single cell produces a "church spire" sharp peak, usually in the γ globulin region (bottom panel) The nature of the M component is variable in plasma cell disorders It may be an ... plasma cells on the basis of morphologic criteria in all but a few cases (Fig 1062) Figure 106-2 Multiple myeloma (marrow) The cells bear characteristic morphologic features of plasma cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... 106-1) Multiple myeloma (MM) cells bind via cell- surface adhesion molecules to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which triggers MM cell growth, survival, drug resistance, ... respectively Figure 106-3 Pathogenesis of multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma cells interact with bone marrow stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins via adhesion molecules, triggering adhesion-mediated ... to direct MM cell BMSC binding and to induction of various cytokines including IL-6, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell derived...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... polysaccharide antigens such as those on bacterial cell walls Most measures of T cell function in myeloma are normal, but a subset of CD4+ cells may be decreased Granulocyte lysozyme content ... tubule, the tubular cells become overloaded with these proteins, and tubular damage results either directly from light chain toxic effects or indirectly from the release of intracellular lysosomal ... contrast dye for imaging, bisphosphonate use, and occasional infiltration of the kidney by myeloma cells all may contribute to renal dysfunction However, tubular damage associated with the excretion...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... significance (MGUS) M protein in serum < 30 g/L Bone marrow clonal plasma cells < 10% No evidence of other B cell proliferative disorders No myeloma-related organ or tissue impairment (no end organ ... and myeloma are described in Table 106-2 When bone marrow cells are exposed to radioactive thymidine in order to quantitate dividing cells, patients with MGUS always have a labeling index < 1%; ... hypercalcemia, can present as medical emergencies Despite the widespread distribution of plasma cells in the body, tumor expansion is dominantly within bone and bone marrow and, for reasons unknown,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... stem cell transplant In patients who are transplant candidates, alkylating agents such as melphalan should be avoided since they damage stem cells, leading to decreased ability to collect stem cells ... reliable measure of tumor cell kill Calculations of tumor cell kill are made by extrapolation of the serum M component level and rely heavily on the assumption that every tumor cell produces immunoglobulin ... hyperploidy, chromosome 13q and 17p deletion, t(4;14) and t(11;14); % plasma cells in the marrow; circulating plasma cells; performance status; as well as serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... agents including lenalidomide and/or bortezomib These agents target not only the tumor cell but also the tumor cell bone marrow interaction and the bone marrow milieu These agents in combination ... post–germinal center B cell that has undergone somatic mutations and antigenic selection in the lymphoid follicle and has the characteristics of an IgM-bearing memory B cell Waldenström's macroglobulinemia ... Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia In 1948, Waldenström described a malignancy of lymphoplasmacytoid cells that secreted IgM In contrast to myeloma, the disease was associated with lymphadenopathy...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... radiotherapy Similar to multiple myeloma, novel agents as well as high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplant have been pursued in selected patients and have been associated with prolonged progressionfree...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Oncol 25:2464, 2007 Mitsiades CS et al: Focus on multiple myeloma Cancer Cell 6:439, 2005 Munshi NC, Anderson KC: Plasma cell neoplasm, in Principles and Practice of Oncology, 7th ed, V DeVita, ... resulting in malabsorption, diarrhea, and abdominal pain IPSID is associated with excessive plasma cell differentiation and produces truncated alpha heavy chain proteins lacking the light chains ... chain reagents, because some intact macroglobulins fail to interact with these serums The tumor cells seem to have a defect in the assembly of light and heavy chains, because they appear to contain...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... that varies with cell size The frequency of the interruptions provides the cell count while the magnitude of the disturbances gives the cell size The red cell number and the mean cell volume are ... and red cells The number of white cells (thousands/microliters) is too small to cause significant error in the red cell count (millions/microliters) Analyzers also determine the mean cell volume ... granularity of the cell, and cell size MCV, mean red cell volume; Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red cell distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... characteristics of the red cell membrane, creating cells with a high propensity to adhere both to uninfected red cells as well as endothelial cells Clusters of parasitized red cells can line the capillary ... trait red cells P falciparum parasites cultured in sickle trait red cells die when the cells are incubated at low oxygen tension.15 In contrast, parasite health and growth were unimpeded in cells ... concentration (MCHC) The cell size and the mean cell hemoglobin define the MCHC The MCHC is low because iron deficiency suppresses cellular hemoglobin content more profoundly than it reduces cell size A proportional...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... Extracellular Intracellular homocysteine Cell Membrane FIGURE 8–4 Cellular uptake and metabolism of cobalamin Cobalamin travels in the circulation as a complex with transcobalamin II (TCII) Cell ... nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood Some of theses cells can be identified as megaloblastic normoblasts, allowing proper use of the designation “megaloblastic” anemia TABLE 8-1 Red Cells PROMINENT ... anemia The red cells are large and have an oval shape The most striking feature is the neutrophil with seven nuclear lobes The nucleated red cell has two irregular nuclei while other cells have Howell-Jolly...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... peripheral blood cell line (usually anemia) r Normocellular or hypocellular bone marrow with dysplastic changes r Fewer than 1% blast cells in the peripheral blood; fewer than 5% blast cells in the ... pure red cell aplasia Absent from the peripheral blood are abnormal red cell features such as schistocytes, target cells, spherocytes, or basophilic stippling The peripheral blood red cells are ... red cell membrane CD59 The 1937 demonstration by Thomas H Ham that hemolysis of PNH red cells occurs via the action of complement on abnormal red cells22 reflected CD59 deficiency in these cells...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... sickle cell disease is bizarre red cell distortion (Figure 13-2) Irregular crenated cells are common along with small, distorted cells that appear almost as erythrocyte fragments Some cells have ... the name sickle cell anemia in favor of the term sickle cell disease reflects the evolving appreciation of the complex nature of the disorder The sickle cell diseases are a group of disorders in ... patterns in these disorders First, independent mitochondrial replication combined with random segregation into the daughter cells at cell division means that by pure chance newly produced cells can have...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... structures produce rigid red cells with impaired ability to pass through capillaries CHAPTER 15 G6PD DEFICIENCY 313 FIGURE 15–2 Heinz body prep of G6PD deficient cells The red cells are ghostly outlines ... decrepit red cells Disturbed ion channel activity produces erythrocyte swelling and rupture Some cells show bizarre distributions of hemoglobin with protein confined to one portion of the cell and ... Reticuloendothelial cells rapidly remove these spavined erythrocytes from the circulation Sometimes an erythrocyte rips free of the reticuloendothelial cell, leaving a large rent in its membrane The cells...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... developing erythroid precursor cells Cellular immunity can damage or destroy these cells as well The result is a singular process with very limited production of red cells by an erythron that generates ... cell sensitization.10 The drug induces red cell autoantibodies in 10–20% of patients after or more months of use These red cell antibodies are true autoantibodies directed against red blood cell ... 188–189 red cell distribution width (RDW) value, 11 red cell fragmentation syndrome, 59 red cell membrane cytoskeleton, 332, 332f refractory anemia, 211 cytopenia, peripheral blood cell line of,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 08:20

... oscillations in pancreatic β-cells, not biochemical regulation of β -cell glucose sensitivity that we are focused on here A complex kinetic model of the metabolic processes in pancreatic β-cells based ... β-cells β -cell regulatory mechanisms endow this cell type with unique metabolic properties to control insulin secretion in comparison with metabolism in other cell types For example, liver cells ... secretion in single islet cells Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006, 290:E143-E148 43 Nunemaker CS, Satin LS: Comparison of metabolic oscillations from mouse pancreatic beta cells and islets Endocrine...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20