how to think like a computer scientist

... programs All programming languages are formal languages natural language: Any of the languages people speak that have evolved naturally portability: A property of a program that can run ... variables A variable is a named location that stores a value... and interpreted Instead of translating Java programs into machine language, the Java compiler 1.2 What is a program? 3 generates ... name of the variable appears outside the box and the value appears inside As a general rule, a variable has to have the same type as the value... misunderstandings, natural languages employ

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 23:20

... humans to read and write low-level language: A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to run Also called “machine language” or “assembly language.” formal language: ... redundant Formal languages are more concise literalness: Natural languages are full of idiom and metaphor Formal languages mean exactly what they say People who grow up speaking a natural language ... often have a hard time adjusting to. .. natural language: Any of the languages people speak that have evolved naturally portability: A property of a program that can run on more than one

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2015, 07:37

... complain 3.11 Stack diagrams To keep track of which variables can be used where, it is sometimes useful to draw a stack diagram Like state diagrams, stack diagrams show the value of each variable, ... syntactic structure of a program, analo-gous to a word in a natural language parse: To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure (38)(39)Chapter 2 Variables, expressions and statements ... an assignment statement can make two variables equal, but they don’t have to stay that way: a = b = a # a and b are now equal a = # a and b are no longer equal The third line changes the value

Ngày tải lên: 09/02/2021, 03:59

... declare a variable, you create a named storage location 14 CHAPTER 2 VARIABLES AND TYPES • When you make an assignment to a variable,... twice Alternatively, if we had a char variable, ... a high-level language into a low-level language, all at once, in preparation for later... language: A programming language like C++ that is designed to be easy for humans to read and ... another. Due to these advantages, almost all programs are written in high-level lan- guages. Low-level languages are only used for a few special applications. There are two ways to translate a program;

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:21

... of a programming language is the ability to manipulate variables A variable is a named location that stores a value Values are things that can be printed, stored and (as we’ll see later) ... language: A programming language like Java that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write low-level language: A programming language that is designed to be easy for a ... or computer programs All programming languages are formal languages 10 Chapter 1 The way of the program natural language: Any of the languages people speak that have evolved naturally portability:

Ngày tải lên: 13/06/2014, 16:20

... book, and that it helps you learn to program and think, at least a little bit, like a computer scientist Allen B Downey Needham MA Allen Downey is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at the ... me to what has turned out to be my favorite language I also thank Chris Meyers, who contributed several sections to How to Think Like a Computer Scientist And I thank the Free Software Foundation ... easier to read because the variable names provide additional documentation, and it is easier to debug because you can check the types of the intermediate variables and display their values Another

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2019, 01:46

... C-8 Class diagram This diagram does not show that Hand also has cards, because in the program there are no instances of Hand This example demonstrates a limitation of Lumpy; it only knows about ... about the attributes and HAS-A relationships of objects that are instantiated 264 | Appendix C: Lumpy Index A abecedarian, 87, 99 abs function, 62 absolute path, 161, 168 access, 106 accumulator, ... north as New York and the Great Lakes, though it was chiefly found from Florida to the Carolinas The Carolina parrot was mainly green with a yellow head and some orange coloring that appeared

Ngày tải lên: 16/11/2019, 21:05

... C-8 Class diagram This diagram does not show that Hand also has cards, because in the program there are no instances of Hand This example demonstrates a limitation of Lumpy; it only knows about ... about the attributes and HAS-A relationships of objects that are instantiated 264 | Appendix C: Lumpy Index A abecedarian, 87, 99 abs function, 62 absolute path, 161, 168 access, 106 accumulator, ... north as New York and the Great Lakes, though it was chiefly found from Florida to the Carolinas The Carolina parrot was mainly green with a yellow head and some orange coloring that appeared

Ngày tải lên: 17/11/2019, 07:31

... humans to read and write.low-level language:A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to run; also called “machine language” or “assembly language”.Characters displayed ... Expressions and StatementsOne of the most powerful features of a programming language is the ability tomanipulate variables A variable is a name that refers to a value. Assignment StatementsAn assignment ... speed and preci‐ sion, and particular weaknesses, like lack of empathy and inability to grasp the big picture.Your job is to be a good manager: find ways to take advantage of the strengths and

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2024, 20:12

... or will remain, accurate or appropriate Contents Preface page xi The Way of the Program 1.1 The Python Programming Language 1.2 What Is a Program? 1.3 What Is Debugging? 1.3.1 Syntax Errors 1.3.2 ... author of a previous version of this book, titled How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python, which he self-published in 2001 PYTHON FOR SOFTWARE DESIGN How to Think Like a ... range of exercises, from short examples to substantial projects, so that students have ample opportunity to practice each new concept Exercise solutions and code examples along with Swampy, a

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2019, 01:44

... http://www.thinkpython2.com Preface The strange history of this book In January 1999 I was preparing to teach an introductory programming class in Java I had taught it three times and I was getting ... Chapter • Adam Hobart fixed a problem with floor division in arc • Daryl Hammond and Sarah Zimmerman pointed out that I served up math.pi too early And Zim spotted a typo • George Sass found a ... that are not strictly necessary, but sometimes handy I hope you enjoy working with this book, and that it helps you learn to program and think like a computer scientist, at least a little bit Allen

Ngày tải lên: 23/02/2021, 21:53

... mathematical ideas or computer programs; all programming languages are formal languages token:... Linus’s earlier projects was a program that would switch between printing AAAA and BBBB This later ... Formal and natural languages Natural languages are the languages people speak, such as English, Spanish, and French... of a computer program is unambiguous and literal, and can be understood entirely ... book In January 1999 I was preparing to teach an introductory programming class in Java. I had taught it three times and I was getting frustrated. The failure rate in the class was too high and,

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... This page intentionally left blank How to Think Like a Mathematician Looking for a head start in your undergraduate degree in mathematics? Maybe you’ve already started your degree and feel ... you’re taking a subject that requires logic such as computer science, philosophy or linguistics How to Think Like a Mathematician A Companion to Undergraduate Mathematics KE VIN H OUSTON University ... a mathematician Essential for any starting undergraduate in mathematics, this book can also help if you’re studying engineering or physics and need access to undergraduate mathematics topics,

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 20:13

... computer programs. All programming languages are formal languages. natural language: Any of the languages people speak that have evolved nat- urally. portability: A property of a program that can run ... seen are declarations, assignments, and print state- ments. declaration: A statement that creates a new variable and determines its type. assignment: A statement that assigns a value to a variable. expression: ... important here: the name of the variable we pass as an argument (argument) has nothing to do with the name of the parameter (phil). Let me say that again: The name of the variable we pass as an argument...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 16:20

... diagrams To keep track of which variables can be used where, it is sometimes useful to draw a stack diagram. Like state diagrams, stack diagrams show the value of each variable, but they also show ... examples the expressions and are only evaluated once. You can also use a variable as an argument: The name of the variable we pass as an argument ( ) has nothing to do with the name of the parameter ... the syntactic structure of a program, analogous to a word in a natural language. parse: To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure. print statement: An instruction that causes the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 16:20

... analo- gous to a word in a natural language. parse: To examine a program and analyze the syntactic s tructure. print statement: An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on ... Operators and operands Operators are special symbols that represent computations like addition and multiplication. The values the operator uses are called operands. The following are all legal ... screen. 2.3 Variable names and keywords 13 A common way to represent variables on paper is to write the name with an arrow pointing to the variable’s value. This kind of figure is called a state diagram because...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 15:20

... in order to interview like a top MBA. In my case, I was a mathematics and economics major in college, and then I taught math for a number of years. When I was ready to make the transition to become a ... rec- ommend How to Interview Like a Top MBA!” —D ALE L E F EBVRE MIT graduate, Harvard Business School and Harvard Law School graduate Former McKinsey & Company Consultant Managing Partner, Pharos ... that all leading finan- cial advisers must master. I was able to communicate how my back- ground in math and economics, as well as my internships, had given me skills relevant to the financial advising...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2013, 15:28