how to do it

... salt tolerance, halophytes are endowed with ability to seize NaCl into their cell vacuoles as an osmoticum The sensitivity of crops to environmental extremities has become a major limitation to ... pinitol and ononitol were accumulated in tolerant species such as the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum when exposed to salinity or water deficit (Bohnert and Jensen 1996) Pinitol ... plants showed an enhanced tolerance to Cd stress up to 100 mM Expression of the gor2 gene from E coli in tobacco (cv Belw3) showed an increased activity of GR and increases tolerance to paraquat...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... mangroves is their ability to tolerate NaCl to seawater level (500 mM) From the physiological aspects, the effects of salinity on the photosynthesis of mangroves have been studied to some extent, mostly ... for stomatal opening, was shown in all species studied but with slopes reflecting their various salt tolerances By increasing CO2 supply, it was demonstrated that high salinities depress photosynthesis ... inhibition of the activity of RUBISCO (Kotmire and Bhosale, 1985; Nazaenko, 1992), in addition to the stomatal-closure-mediated effects Since plant growth amounts to the balance sheet of photosynthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... distributed to stems was consistently lowest in Tennant Creek seedlings , - [L 1) TII ICr-r Seeds from the monsoonal Katherine provenance showed the least ability to germinate and its seedlings ... the partitioning of dry matter into roots, stems and leaves (Fig 5) Stressed Tennant Creek seedlings allocated more dry matter into leaves at the expense of roots, whereas the reverse situation ... seedlings established, those 1971) of the ratios of the width of a leaf to length at several positions along its length shows that Tennant Creek seedlings assumed the most linear leaf shape (most...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... Quality and Preference 12 (2001) 29±37 31 Table Food neophobia scale, mean values of items and varimax rotated factor matrix Items negative to food neophobia, marked with R, were recoded prior to ... derived from it (``falafel balls'') Moreover, the name of beef tomato contains an association with meat Only pineapple and genetically modi®ed tomato were free of associations with animal products ... genetically modi®ed tomato, although it was clearly of plant origin Responses to LoR chocolate bar and to FlavSavR tomato suggest that the FNS scores may predict responses to unfamiliar foods that...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... of institutions and organizations should be monitored and evaluated This has to be done with a degree of independence or the opportunities for organizations to learn, for authorities to be held ... institutional capacities Institutional capacity (or incapacity) of societies to respond to floods is among important vulnerability indicators It sounds quite trivial, but weak institutional settings or ... institutions define to a high extent human vulnerability to natural disasters We believe that in order to take one step closer to answering questions about how to improve institutional capacities...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 10:15

... some studies related to the study we are going to carry out According to Austin (1962) in How to things with words” [1], he classified compliments under the class of ‘behabitives’ Bach and Harnish ... Vietnamese-English CrossCultural Study of Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness in Complimenting” [43] points out the use of Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness strategies in complimenting ... similarities and differences between the two languages 3.6 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Descriptive research and comparative analysis are chosen as Reliability and validity are two most important criteria...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

... Additionally, the availability of resources to allocate toward reproduction may be altered by IR warming Timing of snowmelt influences patterns of soil moisture availability, which can limit photosynthesis ... that is allocated to reproduction, it is apparent that plants in the heated plots simply have no more C available to allocate to the production of additional flowers However, it is not clear from ... treatment Plants in high-latitude and high-altitude environments have shown varying phenological and physiological responses to simulated infrared warming However, significant year -to- year variation in...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... review by Igamberdiev [33]): it is the nitrate-nitric oxide cycle coupled to an oxydo-reduction of a haemoglobin that displays a very high affinity to O2 and is able to cope with very low O2 concentrations ... exposed to root hypoxia The inter-individual diversity of responses seemed to be larger in Q robur, and may point either to a higher phenotypic plasticity or to a higher genetic diversity of traits ... with the same protocol [8] by adding hexokinase For Susy activity, an assay was done without co-factors (UDP and NaPPi) in order to remove the residual invertase activity The composition of all reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... gradually with increasing drought in N nitida, remaining close to optimal values in N dombeyi down to −2.5 MPa (Fig 2) At Ψm > −1.5 MPa, ∆F/Fm and qP were lower in N nitida than in N dombeyi, reflecting ... greater drought tolerance of N dombeyi compared to N nitida was associated with higher WUE and photosynthesis under severe drought stress Acknowledgements: We thank the staff of the Instituto de Botánica ... drought Photoinhibition, represented by a decrease in Fv/Fm [14], was gradual in N nitida, whereas in N dombeyi occurred only at a Ψm lower than −2.5 MPa, in agreement to its higher drought tolerance...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... precipitation during the vegetative period, moderate water deficits may lead to a strong reduction of transpiration due to a high stomatal sensitivity to drought Tree species found at treeline show ... seems to be more adapted to continue carbon assimilation when mild water deficit conditions occur and seems to be less sensitive to soil water shortage as well Although it is not possible to draw ... moisture content was measured with time domain reflectometry (Campbell CS615) at 30 cm depth with a water content reflectometer from 11 June (day 162) to 13 October (day 286) These measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... concomitant to reduced stomatal aperture However, nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis may also be observed after extended periods of Stomatal closure can synthesis by limiting root hypoxia (McLeod ... INTRODUCTION Microsite environments can profoundly influthe composition and dispersion of plants in communities Soil surface heterogeneity, proximity to mature plants, leaf litter depth, and nutrient ... stomatal conductance (Guy and Wample, 1984) In this study, stomatal and possible nonstomatal mechanisms appeared to limit net photosynthesis of oaks established in hypoxic nutrient solution However,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... being caused by limitations in the animal house Males and females were pair-mated randomly at 50-60 days of age with avoidance of full-sib mating Standardization of litter size to mice was performed ... nearly equal to realized selection differential On the contrary SDe in W- (- 32.53 g) showed a larger value than SDr B Direct response and realized heritability Direct responses (R) to selection ... B (1971) it seems that, in contrast to ovulation rate, preRADFORD natal mortality is not predictably associated with body weight, which explains the variable correlated response in litter size...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... rest between sets, due to an enhanced capacity to restore cellular ATP concentrations between sets of fatiguing muscle actions Therefore, due to an enhanced recovery capacity; it is possible that ... encouraged to perform all sets to voluntary exhaustion The training load was adjusted as necessary to stay within the 8-10 RM range There was no attempt to control movement velocity Adherence to the ... not standardized; however, all subjects were instructed to maintain their normal dietary habits during the course of the study Compliance to the supplementation protocol was monitored by verbal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... stimulation It remains unknown, however, whether this disturbed answer to catecholamine response is due to a signaling problem at the receptor or postreceptor levels or due to the tissue’s inability to ... physiological answer, or both To conclude, according to the ubiquitous character of catecholamine sensitivity, we should think in terms of cellular ability to respond to catecholamines in defining ... Heterogeneity and prediction of hemodynamic responses to dobutamine in patients with septic shock Crit Care Med 2006, 34:2392-2398 Landry DW, Oliver JA: The pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... 24) 63 (44 to 93)*§ 90 (71 to 117)*§ 78 (68 to 108)*§ Plasma nitrate+nitrite levels Control (1 to 1) (0 to 1)* (0 to 1)* (1 to 1) (μmol/g protein) AKI (1 to 1) (1 to 2)*§ (1 to 2)*§ (1 to 2)* CO ... Control (0 to 0) -1.5 (-7 to 0) 0.5 (-4 to 11) (-1 to 11) (μmol/l) AKI (0 to 0) (-12 to 27) 23 (-3 to 46) 31 (18 to 60)*§ RBF Control (5 to 9) (4 to 6) (3 to 6) (3 to 6) (ml/kg) AKI (4 to 8) (4 to 8) ... (9 to 13) 13 (12 to 15)* 16 (14 to 18)* 18 (16 to 19)*§ PAOP Control (7 to 10) 11 (8 to 12) 12 (10 to 13) 12 (10 to 17) (mmHg) AKI 10 (9 to 12) 12 (11 to 15)* 16 (14 to 17)*§ 16 (16 to 17)* DO2 ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... HBe-Ab-positive, and HBc-Ab-positive (Axsym, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL, USA) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected as positive in the serum Serological markers for hepatitis delta ... biopsy, which showed chronic hepatitis B with a mild necroinflammatory activity and moderate fibrosis (Metavir score, A1F2) Treatment with lamivudine 100 mg/day was initiated in November 2000 (month ... sequence showed a genotype D and a stop codon mutation at the G1896A position in the precore region, confirming the serological data for the infection with a precore mutant HBV strain (data not shown)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... Tried to Increase Income or Reduce Expenditures to Mitigate the Impacts of the Crisis Households Coped with the Crisis by Adopting Measures to Increase Incomes or Decrease Household Expenditures ... Jobs Households Tried to Increase Income or Reduce Expenditures to Mitigate the Impacts of the Crisis Crisis-affected Households Increased Vulnerability to Future Shocks by Adopting Risky Coping ... in lower domestic remittance inflows to families Here too, the region was hit harder than other regions around the world Across the region, official remittance inflows are estimated to have fallen...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 19:27

... 3.3.1 Cell subsets involved in cytotoxicity .49 3.3.2 Mediators of cytotoxicity .53 3.3.3 Specificity of cytotoxic responses 53 3.3.4 Effect of Env sensitisation on live BCG infection ... 3.4.1 CD4+ T cells involved in CHE‐mediated cytotoxicity .59 3.4.2 CHE‐induced cytotoxicity dependent on FasL and perforin 60 ix 3.4.3 CHE‐induced cytotoxicity associated with mycobactericidal activity ... CHE‐sensitised mice, to analyse the role of different cell types, cytokine factors and mediators of cytotoxicity on the host’s responses to BCG, and their subsequent impact on BCG survival 2) To...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... have been shown to activate nuclear factor kappa- (NF- ) in many cell types [6] In addition to NF- , activator protein-1 (AP- 1) and many other transcription factors have been shown to be functionally ... the authors Recently SIRT1 has been shown to function together with peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor- coactivator (PGC-1 ) to promote adaptation to caloric restriction (CR) by regulating ... inflammatory rat peritoneal macrophages, through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and inhibit the production of nitric oxide radical (NO ) [125] Cis-RSV and trans-RSV are also able to scavenge...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:20

... 373–399 Doczi R, Brader G, Pettko-Szandtner A, Rajh I, Djamei A, Pitzschke A, Teige M & Hirt H (2007) The Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MKK3 is upstream of group C mitogen-activated ... have been identified in cotton, and their function has not been well documented In our previous work, GhMAPK was the first group C MAPK isolated from cotton, and it was shown to be activated by wounding, ... resistance to fungal pathogens To determine the effect of GhMPK2 overexpression on fungal resistance, tobacco plants were challenged with the Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora parasitica pathogens...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20