... in the GulfWar. The subsequent disclosure ofthe CBW capabilities ofthe for-mer Soviet Union, the discovery of an Iraqi CBW capability after the Gulf War, and the recognition that a number of ... by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The research was conducted jointlyby RAND Health’s Center for Military Health Policy Research and the Forces and Resources Policy Center ofthe ... development because ofthe increased apprecia-tion ofthe threat of biological weapons. The CBW threat, both tonational and homeland security, raises the question of whether cur-rent FDA regulations...
... the center ofthe membrane(Fig. 4);(b) the major axis ofthe dimeric RNase was made coinci-dent with the z axis ofthe system, hence orthogonal to the membrane plane (Fig. 4);(c) the dimeric ... stabilized through the exchange between subunits of either their N-ter-minal, or their C-terminal ends [33–35]. We foundthat the behavior with the model membrane of the dimer in which the C-terminal ... affect the bilayer fluidity of DMPG membranes, as evidencedby a decrease ofthe amplitude of their thermotropictransition. Only RNase A and RNase AA show noeffects on the thermotropic behavior of...
... rearrangements ofthe TM spans of these subunits.It has not been established whether these TM spanssimply anchor the amphipathic regions and cytosolicdomains to the membrane, or whether they serve ... in the presence of substrate and a protonmotive force [23]. On the basis of these studies, it hasbeen proposed that binding of substrate to the TatBCsubunits triggers the recruitment ofthe ... conjunction with the data shown in Fig. 6,these data show that the severe effects of the TatA ⁄ 3Gly mutations can be rescued by the presence of additional mutations either elsewhere in the TatATM...
... perhaps reflects the differencebetween the complexities ofthe regulation ofthe twosystems: a longer time is required for the formation of the complex looping structure in the case of BX-C,while ... approach theirproper target promoter in the viscous environment of the nucleus.Somatic pairing of chromosomes and the regulation of Abd-BA peculiarity of Drosophila is the fact that the homo-logous ... con-struct. However, when the combination ofthe PTS and the bound-ary is placed 3¢ to one ofthe reporter genes, the enhancer istargeted to one or the other promoter over the boundary (lowerpanel)....
... bond, linkage ofthe activesite Ser ofthe protease to the carboxyl group of P1by anester bond and insertion ofthe N-terminal part ofthe RCLas strand 4 in b-sheet A (s4A) ofthe serpin. ... cognateproteases is fuelled by the thermodynamic properties of the serpin. Accordingly, insertion ofthe RCL as s4A and the ensuing structural rearrangements ofthe serpin stabilizes the molecule in a so-called ... close to the point of initialinsertion ofthe RCL [36] represents an obstacle for the localstructural rearrangements required for the movements of the RCL during latency transition. N152 is often...
... y ofthe o ther pitchers, but is unaffected by the batting output ofthe team.These results are in consistent with beh avioral explanations for how one w orke r affects the per form ance of other ... ot the case, thenv1> 0 cannot be optimal since the principal would be better off paying zero t o playe r 1.Depending o n the value of B as well as the values ofthe other parameters in the ... with the quality ofthe team’s pitching. Furthermore, a pitcher’s performance increases with the pitching quality of his teammates, but is unaffected by the batting output ofthe team. These...
... TreatmentDespite the complexity of these drug interactions, the key role ofthe rifamycins in the success of tuberculosis treatment mandates that the drug-drug interactions between the rifamycins and antiretroviral ... (induce) the synthesis of several classes of drug transporting and drug metabolizing enzymes. With increased synthesis, there is increased total activity ofthe enzyme (or enzyme system), thereby ... the antiviral activity of raltegravir 200 mg twice daily was very similar to the activity ofthe licensed dose (400 mg twice-daily), the current recommendation is to use the standard dose of...
... froma different species [23–25]. The success ofthe series of studies shows that the stable framework structure of Fv enables the transfer of function by means of CDRreplacement.Barbas et al. ... ofthe CDR 3 loop of antilysozyme VHHfunctionalized NCS without denaturation, although the thermal stability was decreased and the affinity forlysozyme was weaker than in the original VHH. The ... demonstrating the utility ofthe grafting of functional peptides with randomized edge sequencesfor optimizing the orientation ofthe grafted peptideon a scaffold protein. In addition, when the combina-tion...
... possibleinterpretation ofthe data suggests that the indicatedbasic region of ic3 ofthe D2receptor and acidic region of the C-tail ofthe D1receptor might be involved in the interactions between the two ... on the number of Arg residues thatwere replaced by Ala in the Arg-rich region of ic3 (resi-dues 217–222) ofthe dopamine D2receptor. The effi-ciency of energy transfer in the wild-type ofthe ... localization of these proteins in the cell rather thanfrom the possible role ofthe D2R basic domain in the mechanism of D1–D2receptor heterodimerization. However, we find that the acidicepitope...
... isstrongly affected by the two groups of parameters thatdetermine the protein–protein interactions: the concen-trations ofthe enzymes relative to the target protein,and the respective dissociation ... the global response coefficient R is the ratio ofthe concentration of active kinase K0.9atwhich there is 90% fully phosphorylated target to the kinase concentration K0.1at which 10% ofthe ... another site, so that the phosphorylation kinetics of one residue can depend on the phosphorylation state of other residues in the pro-tein [8]. It is not clear how these factors modulate the response...
... sites.Taken together, these findings suggest that the struc-tural properties of DNA-damaged substrates, whetherintrinsic or the result of protein binding, function in the recruitment ofthe XPC–hHR23B ... Binding of XPG induces the release of XPC–hHR23B, whereas XPF–ERCC1 triggers exci-sion ofthe damaged DNA and the release of XPAand TFIIH. Subsequently, the newly formed gap in the DNA is filled by ... assembly ofthe proteincomplex that carries out DNA incision around the lesion, (b) incision ofthe damaged DNA strand onboth sides ofthe injury, which results in damage exci-sion, and (c) synthesis...
... 3B). The specificity of the binding is again confirmed by the competition of unla-belled DR1 probe. The presence of USP in the com-plex was confirmed by a supershift formed upon the addition of ... (a) binding the a-helix 12 of the receptor into its own hydrophobic groove [22];(b) stabilization ofthe a-helix 12 near the hydrophobicgroove in a position that the C-terminus ofthe a-helix12 ... progressive decreasein the JH III-inducibility ofthe DR1JHECore promo-ter (Fig. 6, upper panel). To further test whether the JH III activation pathway requires the presence of the wild-type L314...
... is bound by the wild-type fusion protein inthis assay. The efficiency ofthe pull-down is probablylimited by the presence ofthe GST part ofthe fusionprotein, the small size ofthe radiolabelled ... both the binding to and cleavage of eIF4GI [26]. However, the results here also do not ruleout further interactions between the CTE of Lbproand the region 645–657 of eIF4GI involving other ... synthesizedLbpro, we took advantage ofthe presence of eIF4GI in the RRLs and examined its fate during the synthesis of Lbpro, as reported previously [15]. Accordingly,aliquots ofthe translation reactions...
... respectively, ofthe receptor [19,22]. The b sheet of EGF may bind to domain I of ErbB-1, and the other surface of the ligand binds to domain III ofthe receptor. Recently,Gly441 ofthe ErbB-1 ... ofthe receptors was confirmed byimmunoblotting ofthe cell lysates (Fig. 1B). As oftenobserved for membrane proteins, the bands were ratherbroad in the blots, due to the heterogeneity ofthe ... due to the saturation of ERKactivation resulting from the amplifying effect of the signaling cascade.DISCUSSIONIn the present study, by using chimeric receptors, the contributions ofthe extracellular...
... present on the outside of the shell where it is responsible for adsorption of the virus to the cellular receptor, the F-pilus. During infec-tion, maturase enters the cell together with the RNAgenome, ... treatment of dlFG and sc-dlFG in the presence of bis-ANS. (A) Effects of increasing urea concentrationson the spectral center of mass of (m) dlFG and (r) sc-dlFG in the absence of bis-ANS, and in the ... against all the forms of denatura-tion we tested. This is consistent with the observation of increased stability ofthe single-chain version of the wild-type dimer [30] and is reminiscent ofthe similarstabilization...