history of the english speaking peoples volume 4

... a work of history, this volume covers the period from the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 to the end of the South African or Boer War in 1902, and explores the development of six English- speaking societies: Great Britain, Australia, New ... purpose the objective of reminding readers of the common heritage that connected peoples of the British Isles with the English- speaking peoples living in the Commonwealth, South Africa, or the United States ... DEMOCRACIES, THE FOURTH VOLUME OF WINSTON Churchill’s A History of the English- Speaking Peoples, was the last volume in his long literary career This fact by itself, however, would make it unworthy of

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2023, 06:09

... is itself the work of two scribes The Cotton MS of The Owl and the Nightingale is a well-known example of the latter, and in this case the place where one scribe finished and the other began ... Middle English dialectology explore the scribal and linguistic make-up of the texts, and Mclntosh et al have therefore suggested a classification of text types in terms of the history of copying ... consistently emphasised the importance of this work for linguistic theory, and has pointed out the failures of the past in the respects I have mentioned There is such a wealth of surviving material

Ngày tải lên: 19/08/2013, 13:40

... never-ending process. The passive of the progressive (the type ? ?The house is being built’ instead of the older ? ?The house is building’) is prob- ably the most conspicuous of these. Unfortunately, ... approaches the usage of articles, but these words can hardly be called true articles. In Middle English the use of the articles becomes more systematic (see Fischer CHEL II 4. 2.2), and by the end of the ... 45 ) Cf.: (13) there are five organs or instruments of speech . . . viz. the lips, the teeth, the tongue, the roof of the mouth, and the throat ([HC] Hoole 3) With geographical names, the most conspicuous

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... suspect because of the selectivity of the OED and the sample. The most convenient source for estimating an increase in the size of the English vocabulary is the Chronological English Dictionary ... whether the word omits any part of an etymon; (3) whether the word combines two or more etyma; and (4) whether any of its etyma are from a language other than English. The inter- section of those ... cover the period, it is seriously under-represented in the OED. Comments upon the growth of the English vocabulary based (as they generally are) on OED evidence, often through the medium of the

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... identical in PDE morphology, the 'base form' of the verb... Subjunctive In the history of English as of other Indo-European languages, there has been a choice of three moods for finite ... of the imperative from the context of verbal mood to that of clause type, section 3. 5 .4 below.) While the indicative was the unmarked mood, the subjunctive was the set of ... in... a But father said they might keep the egg (19 04 Nesbit, PhoenixiAS) b And they wanted to know whether there was permission for their crossing or what was to happen to them if they might

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... group-verb patterns is the history of GET rid of and LET go of. For the first we can imagine a historical chain of derivation of the following sort: (370) a. Fate rid me of that nuisance. ... Jul.)) Examples like the following illustrate the difficulty of delimiting the indi- rect object, as they could plausibly be included with either of the preced- ing sets of data: (355) a. (= ... shades off into what in older stages of the language can be called an ethic dative or dative of (dis)advantage, (3 54) . There appears to have been a reduction in the range of both. The following

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... three of them contain­ ing the idiom could I but , plus another instance of the idiom, plus one other 85 It... chapter 3.2.1.1 There is brief discussion of the count-noun status of ... 222 -4, and now Rissanen (1997) On X-bar Theory and the category N see Radford (1988: 1 75, 186-7, etc.) There is a... in the history of English by Wim van der Wurff (1990, 1992) The ... is determined by the seman- tics of conditionals. A curiosity of these developments is that and can now introduce the clause corresponding to the apodosis of the conditional,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... [sic] the opinions of the learned, and the practice of the nations which speak the pure English, that we may determine by the weight of authority,... advocate the adoption of ... 1 948 : 41 7-18) Part of the problem lay, he claimed, in the variant pronunciations used by different professions within the higher echelons of English society: There is a great diversity of ... ciation varied. The author quotes the opposing views of the leading orthoepists of the day to prove the point: words like ALMOND pronounced 3 84 [...]... 1750 and the end of the eighteenth

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... Irish English, involves 'jarring the tip of the tongue against the roof of the mouth near the fore teeth'; the 'smooth' sound is a 'vibration of the lower part of the ... near the root, against the inward region of the palate, near the entrance of the throat' The latter is the typical English. .. The period from the late eighteenth to the ... at least most of it) must be clear of the front of the lower teeth: this can only happen if there is lip-rouhd- ing. From the remark about the position of the tip of the tongue, it is

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... incompletely in the course of the eighteenth century did the study of English grammar emerge from the shadows of the classical tongue. By then the place of English in the intellectual life of Britain ... 18 74: 16-17). 143 The description of American /r/ by Day (1 843 :45 0) deliberately leaves open the question of the position and activity of the tip of the tongue, once the 'essential ... Oxford English Dictionary, and section 6 .4 the span from the completion of the OED to the close of the millennium. The chronological subdivisions are somewhat arbitrary in that the patterns

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... from troubling; and there the weary be at rest There the prisoners rest together; they hear not the voice of the oppressor The small and great are there; and the servant is free ... 'nineteen fourteen' At the other extreme of contemporary metrics, the conversational... 19 84: 310) For evi­ dence of the salience of parenthesis at the end of the eighteenth century, ... find the others 7 .4. 4 The syntax of Modernism In Modernism, the information deficit staved off or compensated for by these devices is foregrounded and the resulting disconnection thematised

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... presentrpast. derivation The history of a word; or the pattern or structure of a word; or the stud y of either of those. determiner The cover term for articles (a, the) , demonstratives (this, ... semantic Pertaining to the meaning of words and morphemes semantic loan The use of the meaning of a word in another language for an English word of similar form or other uses shift ... Finegan (1989) Drift and the evolution of English style: a history of three genres Language 65: 48 7-517 Blake, N F (1992) Translation and the history of English In Rissanen,

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... lists the following six dialects, with the caveat that he ' does not know all the idioms of these': the general, the northern, the southern, the eastern, the western and the ... Ulster English and the English of the rest of Ireland. Three commonly accepted categories of Ulster English will be referred to (see Adams 1964b, Harris 1984a for details): Ulster Scots, the ... 1986). Despite the widespread use of these and related features in literary writing, the lack of these elements in other works of the time makes the interpretation of the literary evidence inconclusive.

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20

... aspect of the diphthongal system is uncertain and subject to fierce debate and the most controversial of these are discussed in Đ3.3.3 in the context of the development of the language. The situation ... to suppose that Old English did, because of the weight of the spelling evidence and the difficulty of postulating a plausible series of sound changes to produce the Middle English forms if the short diphthongs are ... the meaning of morphological elements is the domain of syntax. In contrast to the forms of a language which, after all, can be described rather objectively, an analysis of the function of these...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... ignore the infinitive the alternation would be the same as in drifan, despite the fact that the original post-vocalic consonant was in the case of the former *[b], in the case of the latter ... observable in Old English, and the development of the present-day system is something which began at the very earliest stage of the emergence of English as a separate language. 3 .4. 1.2 Adjectives Adjectives ... also for the later history of the language. In terms of Old English, the new phonemes /J,tf,d3/ were introduced, as well as [9] as an allophone of /x/. The incidence and distribution of /]/ was...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... method of representing the different causations of syncope and apocope. 3 .4 Most introductions to Old English give a good overview of the principal features of Old English morphology, and of these ... might-be (Or 2 6.88. 14) in their fear of the time they might be sunk in the earth (due to an earthquake). 4. 3.2.3 Pre-modals The set of pre-modals includes cunnan' know how to, have the power ... whether this is a result of the Latin or of the OE; however, when the two are distinctly different, we may assume that we have fairly clear evidence of OE rather than of Latin structure. Where the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... represents the exact words of the reported proposition, and when the subjects of the main clause and of the complement are the same. It is only occasionally absent if the complement represents the words ... from the point of view of PDE is ( 140 ), where the antecedent is the plain pronoun his. In PDE only the prepositional phrase ' of him', or better ' of the one', could be the ... Jim to paint the kitchen = 'She expected that Jim would paint the kitchen'. If the subject of the lower verb is co-referential with the subject of the higher verb, then there is no...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... Only the meaning of a lexical item of the donor language is transferred to the receptor language, when either: (a) the meaning of some lexical item of the donor language influences the meaning of ... p. 46 ), which reads as follows (K = king's thanes, E = the kinsmen): ' And then they (K) offered their kinsmen that they might depart unscathed. And they (E) said that the same offer ... plural, since the Germanic peoples had a polytheistic religion. The missionaries, however, had to convey the notion of a single Deity, a Person or One of the Persons of the Trinity....

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... Marchand 1969:15fT.). The basic criterion used here is the derived status of the determinatum and the function of the determinant as one of the arguments of the underlying predicate. 2 Regular compounds (a) The ... many others. 5 .4. 5 Zero derivation (affixless derivation) 5 .4. 5.1 The bases for the postulation of a separate category of zero or affixless derivation - the choice between these two is theory-dependent - ... monostratal because of the nature of the OE texts, which all come from the same type of social group and represent only the written language. At the same time this limits the dimension of& apos; attitude'...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 13:21

... additions to the Rushworth Gospels (Ral). As is the case for Northumbria, no East Midland texts apparently survive the period of the Viking invasions of England. Since the texts of the period of the Mercian ... circle. The energy of our Germanic forbears derived from the discovery of the regularity of sound change; ours, from the correlation of patterns in the ubiquitous variation of living languages to the ... That is the language of the majority of Anglo-Saxon texts, the variety usually taught in introductory Old English courses, and the subject of chapters three and four of this volume. There are...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 14:20