... a ruler. Both of these measuring tools can be applied to samples of different kinds of paper. Instructions for Students: 1. To find the caliper of paper, measure the thickness of a stack of the paper ... tracing the history of paper from pre-historic times to the present. A collection of important dates will follow this section. Another way to get students involved in the history of papermaking ... name, the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. The graduates are still studying the cutting edge of technology and graduate to eventually become the top management of the paper industry....
Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20
... for the prize of offering the most potent Hairy Buffalo punch. At the end of the night, the mine companies were drained of cash and the miners drained of brain cells. So instead of selling steam ... motion to all sort of mill works, by the important force of fire, which will be of great use for draining mines, serving towns with water, and for the working of all sorts of mills, when they ... reengineering of life based on the ability to lower the costs of daily staples. This price drop would repeat itself through history as a sign of maximum change, increased standards of living,...
Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:29
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 108 pptx
... 879 water supply 20 roofing 883–5 roofing materials 857 aluminium 111 glass/iron (ferro-vitreous) 895–6 iron 95, 894 Monel metal 101 zinc 93, 96 ‘ro-ro’ (roll on, roll off) vessels 550 Rothamsted ... 954 water turbines 241, 242–5 watermills 19, 20 glossary of terms 269–70 Greek (Norse) 19, 229–30, 270 Smeaton’s designs 236–7 waterproof clothing 849, 853 waterwheels 269–70 horizontal 19, 230; ... 679 zip fasteners 852 zoetrope 739 zoopraxiscope 740 Zuid-Willemsvaart Canal 493–4 INDEX OF TOPICS 1060 turbofan engines 336, 338, 638 turbojet airliners 637 turbojet engines 330, 336 turboprop...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 1 potx
... Encyclopaedia of the history of technology 1. Technology History I. McNeil, Ian 609 T15 ISBN 0-415-01306-2 (Print Edition) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data An Encyclopaedia of the history ... and hydrofoils 538 Lifeboats and lifesaving 539 CONTENTS Preface xiv Introduction: Basic Tools, Devices and Mechanisms 1 Ian McNeil The place of technology in history 1 Science and technology ... Data An Encyclopaedia of the history of technology/ edited by Ian McNeil. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-415-01306-2 (Print Edition) 1. Technology History. I. McNeil, Ian. T15.E53...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 2 doc
... PLACE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HISTORY It is strange that, in the study and teaching of history, so little attention is paid to the history of technology. Political and constitutional history, economic history, ... largely dependent on the state of their technology and that of their enemy. Their motivation was more often than not economic, and economic history and the history of technology can surely be considered ... constitutional history, economic history, naval and military history, social history all are well represented and adequately stressed. The history of technology is neglected in comparison yet, in a sense,...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 3 docx
... pre -history primarily as a history of technology was Professor V.Gordon Childe who studied, rather than the rise and fall of civilizations, the rise and fall of technologies—the technologies of ... citizen of an English-speaking country being in a state of total ignorance of William the Conqueror, of Henry VIII and his six wives, of Napoleon and the Duke of Wellington, of Lord Nelson, of Abraham ... process of moving forward to a new solution. Thus the history of technology and the history of invention are very much the same. Why study the history of technology? One could argue that it is a discipline with...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 4 pps
... number of aqueducts were built to supply water to their cities. The construction of river bridges often involved the building of coffer dams of timber piles, sealed with clay, and in the building of these ... more of when and where gear wheels originated than we do of the invention of the wheel. Aristotle (c. 384 BC) recorded seeing a train of friction wheels set in motion, that is a series of contiguous ... in technology, the addition of an axle to a sledge on to which a wheel could be fixed, thus to form a primitive cart or wagon. Both of these concepts were, of course, preceded by the use of a round...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 5 docx
... processes of cutting punches of brass or copper and later of iron, each of a single letter; the stamping of the punches into copper plate to form the moulds into which the molten type metal of tin, ... Pisa marked the start of the use of the pendulum as a means of controlling the speed of clocks. Having no watch, he timed the swing of the lamp against his own pulse and established the time of the pendulum’s ... example of a closed loop system. It consists of a pair of weights, generally in the form of balls, pivoted on arms so that they are free to rise by centrifugal force as they revolve. As the speed of...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 6 docx
... celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The tiny yacht that could attain a speed of 64kph (34.5 knots) amazed all who saw her, as she darted in and out of the lines of ponderous warships. The ... the theme of producing a vacuum by the condensation of steam. In 1659 the Marquis of Worcester described experiments with boiling water in a gun barrel, the steam forcing the water out of one or ... extended the use of the steam engine from pumping to a multitude of purposes and brought additional prosperity to the partnership of Matthew Boulton and James Watt. Throughout his life and that of his...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 7 pdf
... Faber, London, 1963) Derry, T.K. and Williams, T.I. A short history of technology (Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1960) Dunsheath, P. A history of electrical engineering (Faber & Faber, ... malleability of copper, which allowed it, unlike wood and stone, to be hammered into a variety of useful shapes. The sharp distinction between the brightness, lustre and ductility of the interior of a ... on a global basis is best summed up by the following quotation from Professor Edward Fredkin of Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Humans are okay. I’m glad to be one. I like them in general,...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 8 ppt
... of copper, and because of the presence of large quantities of unwanted earthy material, they do not respond to simple smelting processes. The sulphide copper ores exploited at the beginning of ... exposed surface of such an outcrop is therefore slowly robbed of most of its heavy metals with the exception of iron which concentrates at the surface as iron oxide, generally in the form of limonite. ... the Copper Age of artefacts containing substantial quantities of arsenic is therefore a further indication of the fact that much copper of this period came from these thin zones of secondary enrichment. ...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 9 doc
... emergence of the full Bronze Age, in the middle of the second millennium BC, is characterized by the almost universal employment of this type of alloy. However, after about 1600 BC the majority of the ... of lead added to improve the castability of the alloy. The melting point of a binary 20 per cent tin bronze is approximately 880°C: a similar quantity of lead only reduces the melting point of ... material. The four horses of San Marco in PART ONE: MATERIALS 66 will use for the blocks copper from Marion, the alloy being made of twelve parts, eleven of copper to one of tin. He will deliver...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 10 pps
... the poem ‘Shield of Herakles’ dating from the seventh century BC: ‘So he spoke, and placed about his legs the greaves of shining oreichalkos, the glorious gift of Hephaistos.’ One of the later Homeric ... of destination per descendum, which is obviously of great antiquity. Irrefutable evidence that metallic zinc was known and used in the ancient world is also available in the form of a sheet of ... which are the reward of victory’, and although the British output of gold was disappointingly low, substantial quantities of silver were soon obtained by the cupellation of lead. The Romans were...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology part 11 ppsx
... English markets at prices well below that of the domestic product. When the Society of Mineral and Battery Works became aware of the extent and profitability of this illicit commerce they did not ... the centre of copper and brass production in 1763. In the autumn of that year, Charles Roe of the Macclesfield Copper Company first sensed the possibilities of the copper ore deposits of Parys ... group of merchants headed by Sir Richard Martyn bought the rights to mine calamine and make brass for the sum of £50 per annum. The factory they set up at Isleworth, west of London, made brass of...
Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 01:20
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