heterogeneity of breast cancer gene signatures and beyond

... of developing breast cancer Thus, the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer is 14.4 percent, whereas the absolute risk of developing breast cancer over the decade between the ages of 40 and ... displays and workstation design for improved image interpretation Discovery of molecular profiles toward goal of precise molecular diagnosis of cancer Breast cancer is one of eight cancers targeted ... Watercolor and ink http:/www.breastcancerfund.org/gallery_6.html Art Rage Us The Art and Outrage of Breast Cancer National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... plethora of prognostic gene signatures for breast cancer Unsupervised molecular classification identified three major and robust groups of breast cancers that differ in the expression of several ... class and prognosis, it is no longer surprising that comparing gene- expression profiles of breast cancers that recurred (mostly the ERnegative and the high grade, ER-positive cancers) and those ... grade and HER2 status), and these could eventually rival the performance of the first-generation prognostic gene signa­ ures [20,21] However, t standardization of the patho­ ogical assessment of breast...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... mammographic and pathologic examination Therefore, she was not at risk for development Fig Example of a breast cancer risk profile NSABP ‫ ס‬National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and of breast cancer and ... of invasive breast cancer were calculated for several subgroups of women When age, history of LCIS, history of atypical hyperplasia, and levels of predicted risk of breast cancer were taken into ... age, history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), history of atypical hyperplasia, 5-year predicted breast cancer risk, and number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer No of events Rate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... guideline (‘Familial breast cancer: the classification and care of women at risk of familial breast cancer in primary, secondary and tertiary care’) gives details of the methods and the evidence ... dominant inheritance of early onset breast cancer Cancer 73: 643–51 Collaborative Group of Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2001) Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data ... context of this guideline: All affected relatives must be on the same side of the family and be blood relatives of the woman and each other In cases of bilateral breast cancer, each breast cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... for breast cancer, and as effect modifiers of the association of fat intake and risk of breast cancer Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp49-56 18 Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer ... The protective role of pregnancy in breast cancer Breast Cancer Res., 7(3), pp131-42 20 Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (2002b) Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative ... Risk of breast cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol consumption J Natl Cancer Inst., 87, pp923-929 35 Cancer Research UK (2007) About breast cancer: Breast cancer risks and causes http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=3285...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... mammary gland development and breast cancer Science 2002, 296:1046-1049 Li Y, Hively WP, Varmus HE: Use of MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice for studying the genetic basis of breast cancer Oncogene 2000, ... the formation of lymph node metastasis [15] The role of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in breast cancer metastasis is a major focus of current research Mammary overexpression of the blood ... initial spreading of cancer cells to local lymph nodes via the lymphatics in human breast cancer Another important aspect to the understanding of breast cancer metastasis is the role of different...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... varying levels of Her2, including breast cancer cell lines MCF7/Her2-18 Hathaway et al Breast Cancer Research 2011, 13:R108 http:/ /breast- cancer- research.com/content/13/5/R108 A Page of 13 B Figure ... followed by BT-474 breast cancer cells (2.75 × 106), MCF7 breast cancer cells (0.18 × 106), and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (0.11 × 106) The Chinese hamster ovary (non -breast) cell line has ... the detection of proteins and protein complexes: quantitation of HER1 and HER2 total protein expression and homodimerization in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded cell lines and breast cancer tissue...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... developing breast cancer Worldwide, 75% of new cases and 84% of breast cancer deaths occur in women aged 50 and older, with the number of breast cancers diagnosed in women in their fourth decade of life ... risks of heart attack, breast cancer and potentially life-threatening blood clots 16 Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer Hip fractures Colon cancer Breast cancer ... have no family history of breast cancer In those with a family history of breast cancer, 5%–10% of cases are attributed to inheritance of autosomal genes The probability of genetic inheritance increases...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... Wang Y, Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG): Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year ... communities and receive state of the art breast radiotherapy as an adjunct to modern breast conserving surgery Conclusions Early stage breast cancer can be treated with breast conserving therapy and ... from a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study of breast conserving surgery and adjuvant electronic brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2011...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... Questionnaire [14] and the Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire -Breast Cancer [15] Although these questionnaires provide an understanding of general information needs, the validity of these scales ... semi-structured interviews with 34 breast cancer patients and 14 health professionals to further determine the information needs that breast cancer patients had before, during and after their radiation ... therapy and demonstrated that some of these needs were not being adequately met Therefore, it was clear that previous questionnaires that measured general information needs and specific breast cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... his left breast He also had a significant family history for breast cancer including a maternal grandmother, two of his maternal aunts and a maternal first cousin diagnosed with breast cancer On ... extension close to deep margin Due to his significant family history for breast cancer, genetic testing was offered Breast- cancer gene (BRCA2) mutation had been identified in a maternal aunt recently ... to receive radiotherapy and tamoxifen [14] Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Medical Case Reports 2009, 3:13 Between 4% and 40% of male breast cancers might result from...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 19:21

... different outcomes and molecular profiles Over the past decade, through the use of molecular profiling, the number of different subtypes of breast cancer has grown and understanding the pathways ... Tables Table 1.1: Survival rates of breast cancer in Scotland by age range 19 Table 1.2: TNM staging of breast cancer 25 Table 1.3: Subtypes of breast cancer based on routine IHC markers ... breast cancer but without BRCA1 mutation This second breast cancer susceptibility gene was mapped to the q arm of chromosome 13 [22] The contribution of both these genes to inherited breast cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 21:49

... and risk factors Breast cancer is a type of cancer occurring at breast tissue, and this type of cancer is more common in female population than male There are two types of breast cancer namely ductal ... cancer refers to breast cancer that demonstrated the absence of ER and PR, as well as the lack of HER2 over-expression This type of breast cancer accounts for 10-20% of invasive breast cancer cases ... ErbB2, PI3KCA, Myc and CCND1 are often deregulated in breast cancer (Lee and Muller, 2010) 20-30% of breast cancer cases exhibited increased level of HER2 due to gene amplification of ErbB2 (Slamon...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:09

... Phytoestrogens and breast cancer 24  1.6.1 Classification of phytoestrogens   24  1.6.2 Functional similarity of phytoestrogens and estrogens   24  1.6.3 Phytoestrogens and risk of breast ... associated with 5% reduction of breast cancer risk (Hunter et al, 1997) 1.1.1 Risk factors for breast cancer In general, the population lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is one in eight ... Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer found that the risk of breast cancer decreased with the number of child births Each child birth decreased the risk of breast cancer by approximately 7%...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:05

... year for which breast cancer incidence is available (2005 for Republic of Ireland; 2004 for England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Sweden; 2003 for Czech Republic and Finland; 2001 for ... 2003 Figure 11 Breast Cancer in Women within Ages 45-49 in England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Czech Republic, Finland, and Denmark; 1943-2005 Cancer registrations ... abortions and a high level of fertility and breastfeeding In the Czech Republic, the forecast of an increase in breast cancer incidence is largely the result of the fallen birth rate In Finland and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... care and treatment of breast cancer Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer: 14 The role of hormone replacement therapy in women with a previous diagnosis of breast ... Email: sco@breastcancercare.org.uk • www.breastcancercare.org.uk Breast Cancer Care provides information, practical assistance and emotional support for anyone affected by breast cancer CancerBACUP ... range of aspects of breast cancer treatment 1.4 Statement of intent This guideline is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of care Standards of care are determined on the basis of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... and the binding of light chains and other components of the motor complex including the heavy chain and p150Glued subunit of dynactin [97] Poly-bivalency of DIC is a very important property of ... implications for design and use of multivalent ligands and inhibitors Angew Chem Int Ed 37, 2754–2794 Barbar E, Kleinman B, Imhoff D, Li M, Hays TS & Hare M (2001) Dimerization and folding of LC8, a highly ... binding strength and sequence is that lack of Gln0 decreases the overall affinity of the peptide A recent highthroughput (HTP) in silico analysis of the contribution of key residues and their context...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... Inhibition of uPAR by DNAzymes all of which contribute to focal proteolysis and regulation of wound healing, angiogenesis, and metastasis [5] Of the components of the uPA system, uPAR is of particular ... substrate, and a maximum reduction of 84% of uPAR substrate concentration at a molar ratio of : 200 (Fig 2D) The specificity of the DNAzymes was confirmed by the lack of cleavage by the untreated and ... result of existing uPAR mRNA cleavage Regardless of the efficiency of cleavage, one of the major challenges facing the future application of DNAzymes in a clinical setting is cellular uptake and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... potential drug candidates or therapeutic targets [10] Breast cancer is one of the most common and prevalent cancers in women and a leading cause of cancerrelated death [11] As in other common cancers, ... proliferation of lung and liver cancer cells by targeting multiple cell cycle oncogenes [28] and miR-34b and miR-34c have a cooperative negative effect on proliferation and colony formation of ovarian cancer ... been identified in breast cancer, such as miR-21, miR-205 and miR-17-5p, which were shown to be involved in the formation of breast cancer by targeting the TPM1, HER3 and AIB1 genes, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... reported the detection of a-globin gene mutations This lack of research may be largely because of the high homology of the a2 and a1 genes and difficulties in designing specific primers and PCR amplifications ... point mutation of the a2 gene (Constand spring mutation [CS], Quonsze mutation [QS], and Weastmead mutation [WS])1,5,6 (see the lower part of Fig 1) In an investigation of 59 cases of HbH diseases ... carrier couples and for prenatal diagnosis of conception by couples who are both carriers of this type of gene deletion Diagnostic assays of the a-thalassemia-2 are also important for genetic counseling,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:20